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133 results for “lamprey”
Figure 11 in REVIEW Vertebrate origins are informed by larval lampreys (ammocoetes): a response to Miyashita et al., 2021
Figure 11. Lips and their skeletons seem to be homologous in ammocoete lampreys (A) and various other fishes (B–K). (A1) shows mucocartilage, which contributes to the skeleton of ammocoete lips. The adult lamprey (J), has the largest and most protrusive upper lip, as indicated by the '5 eye diameters' label in part J. For the skeletal elements in the lips, I use simple, generic names that tell the homologies (see the key). For the official names, see Mallatt (1996). These skeletal elements are usually cartilage or fibrous tissue and unlikely to fossilize, so they are best seen in the living animals (A, H–K). However, parts of the lip skeleton were bony – and thus preserved – in the fossil groups (D–G). Especially note the jawed ptyctodont placoderm (G) and the chimaeroid chondrichthyan (H). The ptyctodont elements are officially named prelabial (blue), premaxillary (pink), and premandibular (yellow) bones (Trinajstic et al., 2012). For the lips to have existed in the first jawed vertebrates, I assume that the ptyctodont state is primitive for the 'placoderm' clades, or else that lip cartilages existed in the other placoderm lineages but did not preserve. (A, H, I, and K1) are redrawn from Mallatt (1996); (B) from Mallatt & Chen (2003); (C) from Shu et al. (2003), figure 2.1b in Shu (2003) and Feinberg & Mallatt (2016); (D) from Moy-Thomas & Miles (1971); (E) from Janvier (1985; 1996); (F) from Janvier (2008); (G) from Trinajstic et al. (2012) based on specimens of Materpiscis Long et al., 2008 and Austroptyctodus Long, 1997; (J) from various photos, and (K2) from Oisi et al. (2013b).
Figure 12. The same mouth-opening characterizes all vertebrates except for adult lampreys. A, a in REVIEW Vertebrate origins are informed by larval lampreys (ammocoetes): a response to Miyashita et al., 2021
Figure 12. The same mouth-opening characterizes all vertebrates except for adult lampreys. A, a tunicate, is included as representing the closest relative of vertebrates, with the same mouth structures. Adult lampreys (C) do not have the typical, primary opening, but a secondary one in the oral funnel formed by their protrusive upper lips. The ammocoete lamprey (B) does not have a secondary mouth-opening, so the dashed blue line in (B) just shows the boundary corresponding to the adult lamprey's. Anaspids (E) are reconstructed with a primary mouth, despite the superficial similarity of their snout to that of adult lamprey; the anaspid snout does not project far enough forward (only three eye-diameters forward as opposed to five for the lamprey in Fig. 11J). Hagfish (D) also differ from adult lampreys in having the primary mouth-opening. In osteostracans (G) and galeaspids (H), the lips have not grown forward to form a secondary mouth, but have simply lain on the ground. I call their mouth openings 'pseudo-secondary.' Most of the pictures are retooled from Figures 10 and 11, but three are new: (A) is redrawn from Mallatt (2009), (E1) from Janvier (1996) and (E2) from Sansom et al. (2010).
Figure 10 in REVIEW Vertebrate origins are informed by larval lampreys (ammocoetes): a response to Miyashita et al., 2021
Figure 10. Internal anatomy of the mouth, lip, and pharynx regions of various vertebrates from lateral view, mostly as midsagittal sections. A–C, living jawless fishes; D, schematic drawing of a jawed fish; E–G, jawless fossil ostracoderms. F, the osteostracan, shows two alternate reconstructions of the unpreserved parts of the branchial arches (F2, F3) with (F3) being the one I favour. (A and D) are redrawn from Mallatt (1996); (C) from figure 98 in Marinelli & Strenger (1956); (E) is Poraspis Kiaer, 1930 and (G) is Duyunolepis Pan & Wang, 1982 (?), both from Janvier (2008); (F1) is Norselaspis Janvier, 1981 from figure 51A in Janvier (1985); and (F2) is Scolenaspis from figure 14B in Janvier (1985) and figure 3 in Long et al. (2010).
Figure 5 in REVIEW Vertebrate origins are informed by larval lampreys (ammocoetes): a response to Miyashita et al., 2021
Figure 5. Phylogenetic tree of early vertebrate relationships, condensed from that in the target article of Miyashita et al. (2021). Parsimony consensus tree based on 167 morphological characters. 'FYA,' 'FY,' etc. mark my interpretation of how the clades fed: see the Key. The relationships among the lampreys might alternatively be those in Figure 7B. Antiarcha and Arthrodira are two groups of jawed placoderms, which come out as paraphyletic in the tree.
Figure 6. Anaspids, a in REVIEW Vertebrate origins are informed by larval lampreys (ammocoetes): a response to Miyashita et al., 2021
Figure 6. Anaspids, a clade of fossil jawless fishes. A, labels some lamprey-like features. Redrawn from Janvier (1996) and Sansom et al. (2010).
Figure 4 in REVIEW Vertebrate origins are informed by larval lampreys (ammocoetes): a response to Miyashita et al., 2021
Figure 4. Fossil stem vertebrate from the Cambrian Period, the jawless fish Metaspriggina. Just of few of its many myomeres are shown. Inset is a dorsal view of the head. Redrawn from Rival et al. (2021) and Conway Morris & Caron (2014).
Figure 7 in REVIEW Vertebrate origins are informed by larval lampreys (ammocoetes): a response to Miyashita et al., 2021
Figure 7. Alternate trees of the relationships among lampreys. A, the relations calculated by Miyashita et al.; B, another possibility that was not tested nor refuted, but which is consistent with an ancestral filter-feeding larva. Abbreviation: DevCarb, Devonian and Carboniferous.
Figure 1 in REVIEW Vertebrate origins are informed by larval lampreys (ammocoetes): a response to Miyashita et al., 2021
Figure 1. Lampreys and the cephalochordate, amphioxus. A1–A4, the four genera of Paleozoic fossil lampreys considered by Miyashita et al. (2021); A5, Carboniferous fossil lamprey illustrated in Janvier (1996). B, modern adult lamprey (parasitic). C, ammocoete larval lamprey showing just a few of its many myomeres. D, amphioxus adult. E, amphioxus larva. (A1) was redrawn and modified from Gess et al. (2006), (A2) from news.uchicago.edu, (A3) from Bardack & Richardson (1977), (A4) from Bardack & Zangerl (1971), (A5) from Janvier (1996) and (C–E) from Feinberg & Mallatt (2016).
Figure 2 in REVIEW Vertebrate origins are informed by larval lampreys (ammocoetes): a response to Miyashita et al., 2021
Figure 2. Shared pharyngeal structures that are central to filter feeding in both ammocoetes and amphioxus, drawn in a composite pharynx. Lateral view with rostral to the right. These feeding structures are dominated by ciliary tracts and an endostyle gland. Tunicates largely show this same pattern. The ammocoete endostyle is more complex than the simple troughs present in amphioxus and tunicates, as drawn at bottom. The directions in which cilia move the food-laden mucus, as indicated by arrows, are the same in all three taxa. Note that the lamprey gill-seam tracts are located laterally, but they initially develop medially – in the same place as the branchial-bar tracts in amphioxus. After figure 1 in Mallatt (1984a), figure 1F in Mallatt (2009) and figure 1 in Barrington & Sage (1972).
Phylogenomic resolution of lampreys reveals the recent evolution of an ancient vertebrate lineage
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Chemistry of stream water for the Lamprey River Hydrologic Observatory
Stream water is collected at weekly to monthly intervals at several sites within the Lamprey River Hydrologic Observatory (LRHO). These data sets begin in 1999. Stream water grab samples are taken from a well-mixed portion of the stream channel on the routine sampling day (typically Tuesdays). Additional samples are collected during selected storm events. A continuous record of stream discharge is recorded by the United States Geological Survey (USGS 01073500) near the mouth of the Lamprey River and average daily and instantaneous stream discharge data are available. Hourly climate data are available from the NOAA NCDC U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) at a station (NH Durham 2 SSW) in the lower part of the watershed. Field meters are used to determine dissolved oxygen, pH and conductivity in the stream and stream samples are filtered (pre-combusted 0.7 μm Whatman GF/F glass fiber filter) and frozen prior to analysis unless otherwise specified. All analyses were conducted at the Water Quality Analysis Laboratory at the University of New Hampshire.
Forecasting suppression of invasive Sea Lamprey in Lake Superior: data and code for Bayesian forecast model
<p>Resource managers frequently are tasked with mitigating or reversing adverse effects of invasive species through management policies and actions. In Lake Superior, of the Laurentian Great Lakes, invasive sea lamprey populations are suppressed to protect valuable fish stocks. However, the relationship between choice of long-term control strategy and the future chance of achieving the suppression target is unclear.</p> <p>Using a 60+ year time-series of suppression effort and monitoring data from 50 assessment sites located on Lake Superior tributaries, we developed a Bayesian state-space model to forecast the probability of suppressing lamprey below the suppression target.</p> <p>With annual application of lampricide (i.e., lamprey-specific pesticide) at historical mean levels, we forecasted a 15% chance of achieving the Lake Superior sea lamprey suppression target in 2040.</p> <p>Increasing lampricide effort and/or supplementing lampricide control with age-1 recruitment reduction increased suppression chance. Annual application of the maximum historical lampricide effort resulted in a 50% predicted chance of achieving the target, annual application of the mean historic lampricide effort plus a 40% reduction in recruitment resulted in a 54% chance, and the maximum amount of effort considered (maximum historic lampricide and 60% reduction in recruitment) resulted in a 94% chance.</p> <p><em><a>Policy </a>implications</em>. <a>We</a> developed a simulation model from a robust, long-term monitoring dataset that improves understanding of why long-term sea lamprey suppression objectives have been difficult to achieve in Lake Superior. Furthermore, the model provides a means to gauge efficacy of sea lamprey control policy and action scenarios based on forecasted chance of achieving the suppression target. Creating processes for iteratively refining our forecasting model with stakeholder and technical-expert input and integration with a decision analysis framework could strengthen the link between ecological knowledge obtained from long-term monitoring and invasive sea lamprey management.</p>
Data from: Discovery of prolactin-like in lamprey: Role in osmoregulation and new insight into the evolution of the growth hormone/prolactin family
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>These data were generated to characterize prolactin-like (PRL-L) and growth hormone (GH) in sea lamprey (<em>Petromyzon marinus</em>) in hormone-receptor binding, tissue distribution, and gene expression patterns at various lifecycle stages, in metamorphosis, and in acclimations to hyperosmotic and hypoosmotic conditions, as well as to detect the hormonal effects on their signaling systems and branchial osmoregulation-related ion transporters. For the hormone-receptor binding assay, recombinant PRL-L and GH were radioactively labelled with <sup>125</sup>iodine and applied for determination of binding affinities with recombinant sea lamprey GH receptor and PRL receptor expressed by HEK293 cell line. Relative abundance of each gene in the cDNA samples synthesized upon the RNAs of various tissues of sea lamprey was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Semiquantification of immunoreactive staining in percent area of proximal pars distalis was conducted to compare the hormone levels in the pituitary gland of sea lamprey under hypoosmotic condition.</span></p>
Data for: Phylogenetics and the Cenozoic radiation of lampreys
<p>Jawed vertebrates rapidly eclipsed jawless fishes in species diversity after they appeared approximately 450 million years ago. Only two jawless clades comprising less than 1% of living vertebrate diversity have survived: the lampreys and hagfishes. Here, we present a new phylogeny and historical biogeographic reconstruction of lampreys that includes all living species. We show that whereas the early diversification of living lampreys tracks Pangaean fragmentation, lampreys rapidly diversified in the northern hemisphere during the mid-Cretaceous turnovers and directly after the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction. These radiations mirrored concurrent adaptive radiations in other lineages of animals and plants and coincided with changes to lamprey ecology and feeding behavior. Our time-calibrated phylogeny suggests that 80% of living lamprey clades appeared in the last 20 million years of Earth history. The age of the lamprey common ancestor inferred by our phylogeny is markedly younger than the oldest fossil occurrences of stem-group lampreys during the initial dominance of jawless fishes in the early Paleozoic, indicating living lamprey biodiversity is the result of lineage diversification extending from the Cretaceous to present.</p>
Thermal refuge use and parasitism: spatiotemporal variation in anchor worm and lamprey wounds on Klamath redband trout
<p>Climate warming is increasing maximum temperatures during summer, such that they more frequently exceed the thermal tolerances of ectotherms, particularly cold-water fishes. One way that species can avoid thermal stress is by moving to thermal refuge habitats. Thermal refuges remain suitably cool during summer and are often complementary to foraging, spawning, and rearing habitats. Although the benefits associated with the thermal aspects of refuges are well studied, much less is known about potential costs associated with non-thermal aspects. For example, crowding of cold-water fishes into seasonal refuge habitats could increase parasite loads and cause declines in fitness. We assessed lamprey and anchor worm parasitism in Upper Klamath Lake where adfluvial redband trout (<em>Oncorhynchus</em> <em>mykiss</em> <em>newberii</em>) move to thermal refuge habitats during summer. We sampled trout in Upper Klamath Lake during spring and in adjacent thermal refuge habitats during summer. We also evaluated survival as a function of lamprey wounding using motion-sensing radio tags. There was a 4-fold decline in the number of lamprey wounds on trout upon the onset of thermal refuge use. In contrast, cases of severe anchor worm (≥20 sores) increased 3-fold during thermal refuge use. Survival in thermal refuge was not different for lamprey-wounded trout compared to trout that migrated to thermal refuge without lamprey wounds. We found that both parasites were absent in a lotic population of redband trout downstream that lacked access to thermal refuge. Thus, the effects of seasonal refuge use on parasite load varied depending on the parasite taxon considered and local habitat conditions implying that managers will likely require empirical data for focal habitats and taxa to understand how parasitism affects thermal refuge use.</p>
Habitat Suitability Analysis of Larval Pacific Lamprey Habitat in the Columbia River Estuary
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Data for: Phylogenetics and the Cenozoic radiation of lampreys
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Juvenile and adult sea Lamprey behaviour (twitch and movement)
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Forecasting suppression of invasive Sea Lamprey in Lake Superior: data and code for Bayesian forecast model
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Thermal refuge use and parasitism: spatiotemporal variation in anchor worm and lamprey wounds on Klamath redband trout
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