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37 results for “leaf venation”
FIGURE 3. X in Leaf venation of living species of Persea (Lauraceae), with taxonomic and nomenclatural notes
FIGURE 3. X-ray images of Persea leaves. A. P. rufotomentosa Nees & Mart. (Moraes 3593). B. P. ruizii J.F.Macbr. (Solomon 15364). C. P. schiedeana Nees (Hammel 6966). D. P. sericea Kunth (Harling 23755). E. P. venosa Nees & Mart. (Herbarium Lusitanicum). F. P. venosa Nees & Mart. (Riedel 698). G. P. venosa Nees & Mart. (Falkenberg 2971). H. P. veraguasensis Seem. (Davidse 24628). I. P. vesticula Standl. & Steyerm. (Hawkins 450). J. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Sellow 5230 = H.I.B. 134). K. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Reitz 11703). L. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Moraes 3516). M. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Moraes 3519). N. P. willdenovii Kosterm. Badini s.n. (OUPR [26599]). O. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Moraes 3515). Bars: 1 cm.
FIGURE 10 in Leaf venation of living species of Persea (Lauraceae), with taxonomic and nomenclatural notes
FIGURE 10. Photomicrographs of Persea leaves. A. P. punctata Meisn. (Lund s.n.). B. P. punctata Meisn. (Riedel 2234). C. P. punctata Meisn. (Moraes 3602). D. P. rigida Nees & Mart. (Sellow 652). E. P. rigida Nees & Mart. (Aguirre 102). F. P. rigida Nees & Mart. (Moraes 5424). G. P. rufotomentosa Nees & Mart. (Moraes 3593). H. P. ruizii J.F.Macbr. (Solomon 15364). I. P. schiedeana Nees (Alvaro M. 747). J. P. sericea Kunth (Harling 23755). K. P. venosa Nees & Mart. (Herbarium Lusitanicum). L. P. venosa Nees & Mart. (Riedel 698). M. P. venosa Nees & Mart. (Brade 12999). N. P. venosa Nees & Mart. (Moraes 5379). O. P. veraguasensis Seem. (Davidse 24628). P. P. vesticula Standl. & Steyerm. (Hawkins 450). Q. P. weberbaueri Mez (Pérez 9075). R. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Sellow 5230 = H.I.B. 134). S. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Langsdorff s.n.). T. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Reitz 2140). U. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Reitz 9731). V. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Badini s.n.). W. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Araujo 7044). X. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Moraes 5453). Bars = 250 μm.
FIGURE 11 in Leaf venation of living species of Persea (Lauraceae), with taxonomic and nomenclatural notes
FIGURE 11. Leaf venation of Persea microneura Meisn. A, D, G–H. Riedel s.n. B, E. Demuner 627. C, F, M–N. Fernandes 2877. I–J. Binot 197. K–L. Miers 4280. Bars: 1 cm (A–C), 5 mm (D–F), 250 μm (G–N).
FIGURE 1. Erythroxylum lancifolium Peyr. A. Flowering branch. B. Leaf blade, detailing venation. C. Branch detail, showing stipules. D. Stipule, abaxial view. E in Lectotypification and notes on the distribution and conservation status of Erythroxylum lancifolium (Erythroxylaceae), species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE 1. Erythroxylum lancifolium Peyr. A. Flowering branch. B. Leaf blade, detailing venation. C. Branch detail, showing stipules. D. Stipule, abaxial view. E. Flower bud, showing bracteoles at the base F. Brevistylous flower, with petals removed. G. Petal, showing appendages. H. Ovary. I. Drupe. J. Drupe in cross-section. Vouchers: A–H—A.P. Fontana et al. 1191 (MBML 24468); I–J—L. Kollmann et al. 9567 (MBML 29170). Drawn by Lucas Marinho.
FIGURE 5 in Leaf venation patterns in the genus Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae)
FIGURE 5. Ancestral character state reconstruction for venation type on a psbA-trnH, trnL-F, and ITS sequence phylogenetic tree of Saxifraga (redrawn from Gao et al. (2015)). Character state color: palinactinodromous—white; camptodromous—grey; acrodromous— black. Numbers at nodes are MP bootstrap values.
FIGURE 4 in Leaf venation patterns in the genus Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae)
FIGURE 4. Camptodromous venation (A–F) and intermediate forms (G & H). A: S. scardica; B: S. juniperifolia; C: S. aretioides; D & E: S. chionophila; F: S. cochlearis; G: S. aizoides; H: S. biflora.
FIGURE 2. Acrodromous venation. A in Leaf venation patterns in the genus Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae)
FIGURE 2. Acrodromous venation. A: S. gyalana; B: S. wallichiana; C: S. diversifolia; D: S. pasumensis; E: S. giraldiana.
FIGURE 2. Stylotrichium hortensiae. A. Floriferous branch. B. Abaxial surface showing the venation reticulodromous. C. Leaf transverse section. D. Uniseriate tector trichome. E. Uniseriate glandular trichome with multicellular head. F. Biseriate glandular trichome with unicellular head. G. Capitulum. H. Receptacles convex pilose. I. Corolla. J. Stamen. K. Style. L in Stylotrichium hortensiae (Asteraceae-Eupatorieae): A new species from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 2. Stylotrichium hortensiae. A. Floriferous branch. B. Abaxial surface showing the venation reticulodromous. C. Leaf transverse section. D. Uniseriate tector trichome. E. Uniseriate glandular trichome with multicellular head. F. Biseriate glandular trichome with unicellular head. G. Capitulum. H. Receptacles convex pilose. I. Corolla. J. Stamen. K. Style. L. Cypselae with subpaleaceous pappus. Illustrations by N. Nascimento.
FIGURE 4. Myrcia federalis. Venation pattern. A. Diaphanized leaf. B in A new species of Myrcia (Myrtaceae) from the Federal District, Brazil, with micromorphological highlights
FIGURE 4. Myrcia federalis. Venation pattern. A. Diaphanized leaf. B. Exmedial secondary vein (key); tertiary alternate-percurrent vein (brackets), intramarginal vein (arrow); arched ultimate marginal vein (circle). C. areoles (rectangle) with terminal vein (arrow).
FIGURE 1. Myrcia federalis. A, B. Habit. C. Leaf, leaf venation pattern. D. Leaf transversal section. E. Bracts. F. Bracts and bracteoles. G in A new species of Myrcia (Myrtaceae) from the Federal District, Brazil, with micromorphological highlights
FIGURE 1. Myrcia federalis. A, B. Habit. C. Leaf, leaf venation pattern. D. Leaf transversal section. E. Bracts. F. Bracts and bracteoles. G. Petals (external view) hirsute with translucid glands. H. Petals (internal view) glabrous with translucid glands. I. Stamen (dorsal view) with dorsal-apical gland. J. Stamen (frontal view). K. Bracteoles (internal view). L. Flower longitudinal section. M. Ovary in transversal section. N. Fruit hirsute, with persistent calyx and bracteoles. A, E, F, G, H: Dias et al. 10 (CEN); B, I, J, K, L, M: Proença & Landrum 1289 (UB); C, D: Correia 279 (UB); N: Correia 115 (UB).
Data from: A modern ampelography: a genetic basis for leaf shape and venation patterning in Vitis vinifera
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Data from: Tovomita (Clusiaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: taxonomy and utility of leaf venation characters at the species level
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Data from: Repeated origin of three-dimensional leaf venation releases constraints on the evolution of succulence in plants
Succulent water storage is a prominent feature among plants adapted to arid zones, but we know little about how succulence evolves and how it is integrated into organs already tasked with multiple functions. Increased volume in succulent leaves, for example, may result in longer transport distances between veins and the cells that they supply, which in turn could negatively impact photosynthesis [1, 2, 3 and 4]. We quantified water storage [5] in a group of 83 closely related species to examine the evolutionary dynamics of succulence and leaf venation. In most leaves, vein density decreased with increasing succulence, resulting in significant increases in the path length of water from veins to evaporative surfaces. The most succulent leaves, however, had a distinct three-dimensional (3D) venation pattern, which evolved 11–12 times within this small lineage, likely via multiple developmental pathways. 3D venation "resets" internal leaf distances, maintaining moderate vein density in extremely succulent tissues and suggesting that the evolution of extreme succulence is constrained by the need to maintain an efficient leaf hydraulic system. The repeated evolution of 3D venation decouples leaf water storage from hydraulic path length, facilitating the evolutionary exploration of novel phenotypic space.
Data from: Reading the leaves: a comparison of leaf rank and automated areole measurement for quantifying aspects of leaf venation
The reticulate venation that is characteristic of a dicot leaf has excited interest from systematists for more than a century, and from physiological and developmental botanists for decades. The tools of digital image acquisition and computer image analysis, however, are only now approaching the sophistication needed to quantify aspects of the venation network found in real leaves quickly, easily, accurately, and reliably enough to produce biologically meaningful data. In this paper, we examine 120 leaves distributed across vascular plants (representing 118 genera and 80 families) using two approaches: a semiquantitative scoring system called "leaf ranking," devised by the late Leo Hickey, and an automated image-analysis protocol. In the process of comparing these approaches, we review some methodological issues that arise in trying to quantify a vein network, and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of automatic data collection and human pattern recognition. We conclude that subjective leaf rank provides a relatively consistent, semiquantitative measure of areole size among other variables; that modal areole size is generally consistent across large sections of a leaf lamina; and that both approaches—semiquantitative, subjective scoring; and fully quantitative, automated measurement—have appropriate places in the study of leaf venation.
FIGURE 1 in Leaf venation patterns in the genus Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae)
FIGURE 1. Venation types in Saxifraga, including intermediates. (Illustrated by Zhuoxin Zhang).
Data from: Reading the leaves: a comparison of leaf rank and automated areole measurement for quantifying aspects of leaf venation
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Data from: Repeated origin of three-dimensional leaf venation releases constraints on the evolution of succulence in plants
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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