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Figure 10 in Systematics, host plants, and life histories of three new Phyllocnistis species from the central highlands of Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Phyllocnistinae)
Figure 10. Life history of Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n. A Leaf mines on abaxial side of leaf surface, white square enclosing early mine, arrow pointing to pupal cocoon fold B close-up view of early mine, arrow pointing to egg shell remains C same as figure B, but showing frass pattern (photo taken with sunlight projecting through the leaf from behind) D nearly mature old mine on adaxial side E nearly mature old mine on abaxial side (photo taken from adaxial side) F opened mine showing mature sapfeeding larva in situ G opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning larva in situ H pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine I opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ (dorsal view) Į protruded and attached pupal shell (arrow) on pupal cocoon fold of an abaxial leaf mine K opened pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine showing Ageniaspis cocoons in situ.
Figure 1 in Systematics, host plants, and life histories of three new Phyllocnistis species from the central highlands of Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Phyllocnistinae)
Figure 1. Habitats and larval host plants of Phyllocnistis species. A Cerro de la Muerte, Villa Mills region, 3000 m and below, in Cordillera de Talamanca B Volcán Barva, ALAS transect, 2000 m, in Braulio Carillo National Park C habitat of P. drimiphaga in Cerro de la Muerte, km 70 Pan-American Hwy, road to El Paraíso del Quetzal, 2700 m, arrow pointing to host plant where mines were found D young stem shoots and leaves of Drimys granadensis of C, growing from base of the tree E flowers and leaves of D. granadensis F habitat of P. maxberryi in Cerro de la Muerte, km 95 Pan-American Hwy, trail front of La Georgina in Villa Mills, 3100 m, arrow pointing to host plant where mines were found G young growth of Gaiadendron punctatum in front, and mature trees with yellow fruits in behind, at ALAS transect in Vara Blanca, 2000 m H habitat of P. tropaeolicola in Cerro de la Muerte, on km 95 Pan-American Hwy, near La Gegina in Mills, 3100 m, arrow pointing to host plant where mines were found I Tropaeolum emarginatum, details of host plants that are shown in H.
Figure 12 in Systematics, host plants, and life histories of three new Phyllocnistis species from the central highlands of Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Phyllocnistinae)
Figure 12. Life history of Phyllocnistis tropaeolicola sp. n. A Leaf mines on a young leaf, arrows pointing at young to middle instar larvae B mature leaf mine with pupal cocoon fold (arrow), white square enclosing early stage mine region C mature sap-feeding larva in pre-cocoon chamber D detailed view of figure C E opened mine showing nearly mature sap-feeding larva in situ F opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning instar in situ G pupal cocoon fold, arrow pointing to the slender exit H opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ, dorsolateral view.
Figure 11 in Systematics, host plants, and life histories of three new Phyllocnistis species from the central highlands of Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Phyllocnistinae)
Figure 11. Life history of Phyllocnistis maxberryi sp. n. A Leaf mines on young growing Gaiadendron shoot B mature mine with pupal cocoon fold (arrow) C nearly mature mine and mature sap-feeding larva (left arrow), and oviposition location (right arrow) D close-up view of mature sap-feeding larva E opened mine showing mature sap-feeding larva in situ F opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoonspinning larva in situ G pupal cocoon fold, arrow pointing at thinner pupal exit H opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ, dorsal view I pupa in situ, lateral view.
Figure 3 in Early life history of the sheepnose (Plethobasus cyphyus) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida)
Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of glochidia from Chippewa River mussel species similar in size to Plethobasus cyphyus glochidia. (A) Obliquaria reflexa; (B) Amblema plicata; (C) Elliptio dilatata; (D) Plethobasus cyphyus; (E) juvenile Plethobasus cyphyus (valve height = 217 µm) from a naturally infested Notropis volucellus; (F) Toxolasma parvus; (G) Fusconaia flava; (H) Pleurobema sintoxia. The scale bar is 100 µm.
Figure 1 in Early life history of the sheepnose (Plethobasus cyphyus) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida)
Figure 1. Plethobasus cyphyus brooding periods in 2009 and 2011. Numbers in parentheses indicate number of mussels examined. Sample dates prior to and after the brooding period are not shown.
Figure 7 in Diversity and life-history traits of wild bees (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in intensive agricultural landscapes in the Rolling Pampa, Argentina
Figure 7. Mean number of (a) above-ground nesting bee individuals, (b) floral specialist bee individuals, (c) oligolectic bee individuals and (d) oil-collecting bee individuals in cropped area (n = 28 points) and semi-natural area (n = 11 points). ns indicates a non-significant result. Asterisks indicate that means are significantly different (Wilcoxon rank sum test, ** = P <0.01). Bars show SEs.
Figure 2 in Diversity and life-history traits of wild bees (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in intensive agricultural landscapes in the Rolling Pampa, Argentina
Figure 2. Semi-natural area of the study site: (a) semi-natural grassland; (b) the stream 'Arroyo Dulce' and its banks (Photos: Violette Le Féon).
Figure 10. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait
Figure 10. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A transverse section through the heart. AM, Amoebocyte; AU, auricle; PE, pericardium; PEG, pericardial gland; R, rectum; SM, suspensory membrane; V, ventricle.
Figure 3. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait
Figure 3. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A ventral view of the septum, foot and mouth. BG, Byssal groove; F, foot; F(T), 'toe' of foot; M, mouth; SE, septum; SEM, margin of septal membrane; SEP(1),(2),(3),(4), septal pores.
Figure 1 in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait
Figure 1. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. SEM views of the siphonal apparatus. (A) Posterior view of the exhalant and inhalant siphons, with three and four siphonal papillae, respectively. (B) Higher magnification view of a single siphonal papilla with a terminal array of sensory cilia. CI, Cilia; ES, exhalant siphon; IS, Inhalant siphon; SP, sensory papilla; SPB, base of sensory papillae.
Figure 9. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait
Figure 9. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A transverse section through the pedal ganglia and the statocysts. PEGA, Pedal ganglia; STAT, statocyst; STL, statolith.
Figure 5 in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait
Figure 5. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. Transverse sections through the (A) oesophagous; (B) crystalline style sac; (C) mid gut; (D) hind gut; and (E) rectum, all drawn to the same scale. CC, Collagen coat; CS, crystalline style.
Figure 8. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A transverse section through a in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait
Figure 8. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A transverse section through a single digestive tubule. AM, Amoebocyte; CRC, crypt cell; DC, digestive cell.
Figure 4. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait
Figure 4. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A transverse section through the stomach in the region of the conjoined style sac and mid gut. CS, Crystalline style; CSMG, conjoined style sac and mid gut; CSS, crystalline style sac; FIPI, fragments of ingested prey; GS, gastric shield; MG, mid gut; SC, secretory cells.
Figure 7 in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait
Figure 7. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. Histological sections through the visceral mass and ingested prey items. (A) A transverse section through the stomach with ingested prey items inside it. (B, C) The remains of captured and ingested ostracods. (D) The skeletal remains of an unknown prey item. CSS, Crystalline style sac; GS, gastric shield; IPI, ingested prey item; ST, stomach.
Figure 12. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A section through a in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait
Figure 12. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A section through a portion of a gonadial follicle. C, Cuticle; DN, dividing nucleus; DO, developing oocyte; EO, encapsulated oocyte; GE, germinal epithelium; N, nucleus; RT, regressing testes; STA, stalk; SPZ, spermatozoan; Y, yolk.
Ocean acidification induces distinct transcriptomic responses across life history stages of the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma
Ocean acidification (OA) from seawater uptake of rising carbon dioxide emissions impairs development in marine invertebrates, particularly in calcifying species. Plasticity in gene expression is thought to mediate many of these physiological effects, but how these responses change across life history stages remains unclear. The abbreviated lecithotrophic development of the sea urchin <i>Heliocidaris erythrogramma</i> provides a valuable opportunity to analyze gene expression responses across a wide range of life history stages, including the benthic, post-metamorphic juvenile. We measured the transcriptional response to OA in <i>H. erythrogramma</i> at three stages of the life cycle (embryo, larva, and juvenile) in a controlled breeding design. The results reveal a broad range of strikingly stage-specific impacts of OA on transcription, including changes in the number and identity of affected genes; the magnitude, sign, and variance of their expression response; and the developmental trajectory of expression. The impact of OA on transcription was notably modest in relation to gene expression changes during unperturbed development and dwarfed by genetic contributions from parentage. The latter result suggests that natural populations may provide an extensive genetic reservoir of resilience to OA. Taken together, these results highlight the complexity of the molecular response to OA, its substantial life history stage specificity, and the importance of contextualizing the transcriptional response to pH stress in light of normal development and standing genetic variation to better understand the capacity for marine invertebrates to adapt to OA.
Time spent in distinct life-history stages has sex-specific effects on reproductive fitness in wild Atlantic salmon
<p><span>In species with complex life cycles, life history theory predicts that fitness is affected by conditions encountered in previous life history stages. Here, we use a four-year pedigree to investigate if time spent in two distinct life history stages has sex-specific reproductive fitness consequences in anadromous Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>). We determined the amount of years spent in fresh water as juveniles (freshwater age, FW, measured in years), and years spent in the marine environment as adults (sea age, SW, measured in sea winters) on 264 sexually mature adults collected on a river spawning ground. We then estimated reproductive fitness as the number of offspring (reproductive success) and the number of mates (mating success) using genetic parentage analysis (>5000 offspring). Sea age is significantly and positively correlated with reproductive and mating success of both sexes whereby older and larger individuals gained the highest reproductive fitness benefits (females: 62.2% increase in offspring/SW and 34.8% increase in mate number/SW; males: 201.9% offspring/SW and 60.3% mates/SW). Younger freshwater age was significantly related to older sea age and thus increased reproductive fitness, but only among females (females: -33.9% offspring/FW and -32.4% mates/FW). This result implies that females can obtain higher reproductive fitness by transitioning to the marine environment earlier. In contrast, male mating and reproductive success was unaffected by freshwater age and more males returned at a younger age than females despite the reproductive fitness advantage of later sea age maturation. Our results show that the timing of transitions between juvenile and adult phases has a sex-specific consequence on female reproductive fitness, demonstrating a life-history trade-off between maturation and reproduction in wild Atlantic salmon.</span></p>
Efficient assays to quantify the life history traits of algal viruses
<p>Data and analysis files accompanying the paper 'Efficient assays to quantify the life history traits of algal viruses' (Lievens et al. 2023, Applied & Environmental Microbiology). Includes data and code for the modified one-step growth (mOSG) assay, modified survival (mS) assay, and comparison of the two assays.</p> <p>The only difference with the previous version of this package (doi 10.5281/zenodo.6573770) is that two typos were corrected in the file "mOSG & mS comparison.rmd" (lines 172 & 182; corrections noted in the script).</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.