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47 results for “life history diversity”
FIGURES 41–46 in The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history
FIGURES 41–46. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 41. Synophrus politus, sexual generation; 42. Synophrus olivieri sexual generation; 43. Andricus miriami, asexual generation; 44. Same, old gall; 45. Chilaspis israeli, sexual generation; 46. Dryocosmus mayri, sexual generation.
FIGURES 29–34 in The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history
FIGURES 29–34. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 29. Cynips cornifex, asexual generation; 30. Neuroterus numismalis, sexual generation; 31. Neuroterus anthracinus, asexual generation; 32. Cynips quercus, asexual generation; 33. Cynips divisa, asexual generation; 34. Neuroterus albipes, asexual generation.
FIGURES 1–4 in The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history
FIGURES 1–4. Cynipid collection sites on oaks in Israel. 1. Q. libani and Q. cerris. 2. Q. boissieri. 3. Q. ithaburensis. 4. Q. calliprinos. Numbers correspond to the following collection sites: 1. Mt. Hermon, 1780m; 2. Mt. Hermon, 1500m; 3. Mt. Kahal; 4. Odem Forest; 5. En Zivan; 6. Allone HaBashan; 7. Tel Hazeqa; 8. Yehudiyya; 9. Mezar; 10. Mt. Meron; 11. Pa'ar cave; 12. Mt. Addir; 13. Nahal Rakefet; 14. Alonim; 15. Hosha'aya; 16. Bet Keshet Forest; 17. Rehan Forest; 18. HaSharon Forest; 19. Zur Hadassa.
FIGURES 35–40 in The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history
FIGURES 35–40. Galls on Quercus boissieri and Q. ithaburensis. 35. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, asexual generation on Quercus boissieri; 36. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum (A) and Neuroterus numismalis (B), asexual generations on Q. boissieri; 37. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis; 38. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis, gall dissected to show inner chamber; 39. Aphelonyx persica gall ivaded by the inquiline Synergus variabilis on Quercus ithaburensis; 40. Same, old gall with emergence holes of inquilines.
FIGURES 17–22 in The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history
FIGURES 17–22. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 17. Andricus coriariformis, asexual generation; 18. Andricus moreae, asexual generation; 19. Andricus sp. 1, asexual generation; 20. Andricus sternlichti, asexual generation; 21. Andricus megatruncicolus, asexual generation; 22. Biorhiza pallida, sexual generation.
FIGURES 11–16 in The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history
FIGURES 11–16. Asexual generation galls on Quercus boissieri. 11. Andricus curtisii; 12. Andricus chodjaii; 13. Andricus quercustozae, young gall; 14. Andricus quercustozae, mature gall; 15. Andricus coriarius, mature gall; 16. Andricus coriarius, old gall.
FIGURES 5–10 in The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history
FIGURES 5–10. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 5. Andricus lucidus, asexual generation (arrow) and Andricus moreae, asexual generation (bottom); 6. Andricus cecconii, asexual generation; 7. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, young gall; 8. Andricus caputmedusae, asexual generation, mature gall; 9. Andricus grossulariae, asexual generation; 10. Andricus hystrix, asexual generation.
Demographic changes and life-history strategies predict the genetic diversity in crabs
<p>Uncovering what predicts genetic diversity (GD) within species can help us access the status of populations and their evolutionary potential. Traits related to effective population size show a proportional association to GD, but evidence supports life-history strategies and habitat as the drivers of GD variation. Instead of investigating highly divergent taxa, focusing on one group could help to elucidate the factors influencing the GD. Additionally, most empirical data is based on vertebrate taxa; therefore, we might be missing novel patterns of GD found in neglected invertebrate groups. Here, we investigated the predictors of the GD in crabs (Brachyura) by compiling the most comprehensive cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) available. Eight predictor variables were analyzed across 150 species (16,992 sequences) using linear models (multiple linear regression) and comparative methods (PGLS). Our results indicate that population size fluctuation represents the most critical trait predicting GD, with species that have undergone bottlenecks followed by population expansion showing lower GD. Egg size, pelagic larval duration, and habitat might play a role probably because of their association with how species respond to disturbances. Ultimately, K-strategists that have undergone bottlenecks are the species showing lower GD. Some variables do not show an association with GD as expected, most likely due to the taxon-specific role of some predictors, which should be considered in further investigations and generalizations. This work highlights the complexity underlying the predictors of GD and adds results from a marine invertebrate group to the current understanding of this topic.</p>
Data from: Observed and dark diversity dynamics over millennial time scales: Fast-life history traits linked to expansion lags of plants in northern Europe
<p>Global change drivers (e.g. climate and land use) affect the species and functional traits observed in a local site but also its dark diversity—the set of species and traits locally suitable but absent. Dark diversity links regional and local scales and, over time, reveals taxa under expansion lags by depicting the potential biodiversity that remains suitable but is absent locally. Since global change effects on biodiversity are both spatially and temporally scale dependent, examining long-term temporal dynamics in observed and dark diversity would be relevant to assessing and foreseeing biodiversity change. Here, we used sedimentary pollen data to examine how both taxonomic and functional observed and dark diversity changed over the past 14500 years in northern Europe. We found that taxonomic and functional observed and dark diversity increased over time, especially after the Late Glacial and during the Late Holocene. However, dark diversity dynamics revealed expansion lags related to species' functional characteristics (dispersal limitation and stress intolerance) and an extensive functional redundancy when compared to taxa in observed diversity. We highlight that assessing observed and dark diversity dynamics is a promising tool to examine biodiversity change across spatial scales, its possible causes, and functional consequences.</p>
Data from: Environmental filtering of life-history trait diversity in urban populations of Arabidopsis thaliana
<p>The challenges to which plants are exposed in urban environments represent, in miniature, the challenges plants face as a result of global environmental change. Hence, urban habitats provide a unique opportunity to assess whether processes of local adaptation are taking place despite the short temporal and geographical scales that characterize the Anthropocene. We quantified the ecological diversity of urban habitats hosting A. thaliana populations. Using plant community indicators, we show that these patches differ in their levels of soil nutrient content and disturbance. Accordingly, plants in each patch displayed a range of flowering time, size and fitness. Using a deep sampling approach coupled with reduced genome-sequencing, we demonstrate that most individuals can be assigned to a limited set of clonal lineages; the genetic diversity of these lineages is a sample of the diversity observed in western European populations of the species, indicating that established urban populations originate from a broad regional pool of lineages. We assessed the genetic and phenotypic diversity of these lineages in a set of common garden experiments. We report marked genetic differences in life-history traits, including time of primary and secondary dormancy as well as of flowering. These genetic differences in life-history traits are not randomly distributed but sorted out by ecological differences among sites of origin.</p> <p>Synthesis: Our study shows that the genetically diverse phenology of a regional A. thaliana gene pool is not randomly distributed but filtered by heterogeneity in the urban environment. To out knowledge, this report is the first to show a pattern indicative of environmental filtering enhancing local genetic adaptation within urban environments. We conclude that environmental filtering helps maintain functional diversity within species.</p>
Demographic changes and life-history strategies predict the genetic diversity in crabs
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Data from: Environmental filtering of life-history trait diversity in urban populations of Arabidopsis thaliana
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Data from: Observed and dark diversity dynamics over millennial time scales: Fast-life history traits linked to expansion lags of plants in northern Europe
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Figure 1 in Diversity and life-history traits of wild bees (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in intensive agricultural landscapes in the Rolling Pampa, Argentina
Figure 1. Location of (a) the Argentinean Pampas in South America, (b) the study site (Estancia 'Las Polvaredas', partido de Rojas, provincia de Buenos Aires; black square) in the Rolling Pampa and (c) the 39 sampling points in the study site. The map shows the land use of the year when bee sampling occurred (2010–2011 growing season). Black dots represent points located in the cropped area (n = 28), and white dots represent points located in the semi-natural area (n = 11). On each point, bees were collected with pan traps (one blue, one white and one yellow) during three 48- hour sessions.
Figure 3. A in Diversity and life-history traits of wild bees (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in intensive agricultural landscapes in the Rolling Pampa, Argentina
Figure 3. A representative sampling point in the study site, which shows three pan traps deployed in line near a wire-fence row delimiting two soybean fields (Photo: Violette Le Féon).
Figure 6 in Diversity and life-history traits of wild bees (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in intensive agricultural landscapes in the Rolling Pampa, Argentina
Figure 6. Mean number of (a) bee individuals, (b) non-Lasioglossum (Dialictus) bee individuals and (c) bee taxa per point, in cropped area (n = 28 points) and semi-natural area (n = 11 points). ns indicates a non-significant result. Asterisks indicate that means are significantly different (Wilcoxon rank sum test, *** = P <0.001). Bars show SEs.
Figure 5 in Diversity and life-history traits of wild bees (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in intensive agricultural landscapes in the Rolling Pampa, Argentina
Figure 5. Functional composition of the non-Lasioglossum (Dialictus) bee assemblage: proportion of the taxa for each life-history trait category.
Data from: Nematode parasite diversity in birds: the role of host ecology, life history and migration
Previous studies have found that migratory birds generally have a more diverse array of pathogens such as parasites, as well as higher intensities of infection. However, it is not clear whether this is driven by the metabolic and physiological demands of migration, differential selection on host life-history traits or basic ecological differences between migratory and non-migratory species. Parasitic helminths can cause significant pathology in their hosts, and many are trophically transmitted such that host diet and habitat use play key roles in the acquisition of infections. Given the concurrent changes in avian habitats and migratory behaviour, it is critical to understand the degree to which host ecology influences their parasite communities. We examined nematode parasite diversity in 153 species of Anseriformes (water birds) and Accipitriformes (predatory birds) in relation to their migratory behaviour, diet, habitat use, geographic distribution and life history using previously published data. Overall, migrators, host species with wide geographic distributions and those utilizing multiple aquatic habitats had greater nematode richness (number of species), and birds with large clutches harboured more diverse nematode fauna with respect to number of superfamilies. Separate analyses for each host order found similar results related to distribution, habitat use and migration; however, herbivorous water birds played host to a less diverse nematode community compared to those that consume some animals. Birds using multiple aquatic habitats have a more diverse nematode fauna relative to primarily terrestrial species, likely because there is greater opportunity for contact with parasite infectious stages and/or consumption of infected hosts. As such, omnivorous and carnivorous birds using aquatic habitats may be more affected by environmental changes that alter their diet and range. Even though there were no overall differences in their ecology and life history compared with non-migrators, migratory bird species still harboured a more diverse array of nematodes, suggesting that this behaviour places unique demands on these hosts and warrants further study.
Genetic divergence and diversity reflect a predominant freshwater resident life history in Rainbow Trout from southwestern Alaska
<p>Rainbow Trout <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> in southwestern Alaska occupy coastal watersheds near the northern boundary of the species native range and support a world class wild trout sport fishery. Although low freshwater temperatures and a short growing season in this region may favor anadromy, these populations appear to exhibit a freshwater resident life history strategy. In this study we used genetic data to evaluate two hypotheses regarding the influence of the presumed migratory behavior of these Rainbow Trout on reproductive isolation among and within watersheds. The results were largely consistent with the predictions but there were exceptions. The data supported the hypothesis that the freshwater resident behavior precludes marine-mediated gene flow resulting in large genetic divergence and low admixture among watersheds. The estimate of <i>F<sub>CT</sub></i> (among-watershed differentiation, 0.350) was large and reflected over 96% of the variation among all sampled aggregations (<i>F<sub>ST</sub></i> = 0.363). However, evidence of admixed individuals in two adjacent watersheds and five first generation migrants among five watersheds suggests that the potential for coastal migration with gene flow exists in these populations. The data also supported the hypothesis that aggregations formed within watersheds during the spawning period (May-June) represent reproductively isolated populations. The pairwise estimates of <i>F<sub>ST</sub></i> and the <i>G</i>-test results revealed population structure in four of the six watersheds tested. However, not all aggregation pairs were found genetically distinct and there was notable variation in the pairwise <i>F<sub>ST</sub></i> estimates (0.000 – 0.067). In summary, the data reflected the predicted results for each hypothesis, but also revealed exceptions that, consistent with tagging studies, demonstrate the complexity of migratory behavior in southwestern Alaska Rainbow Trout. We discuss the implications of these results for fishery management and conservation.</p>
Data from: Landscape, colonization and life history: their effects on genetic diversity in four sympatric species inhabiting a dendritic system
To what degree are patterns of genetic structure in fragmented systems the result of contemporary landscape vs. history? We examined the distribution of genetic diversity as a function of colonization history and contemporary landscape in four fish species inhabiting a hierarchically fragmented, unaltered system, the Kogaluk drainage (Labrador): lake trout, longnose sucker, round whitefish, and lake chub. The footprint of colonization history was still observable in the three species where this issue was examined regardless of the generations since their arrival. ABC analyses suggest colonization took place from the southwest. The species exhibit similar diversity patterns despite different Nes and generation intervals. Contemporary gene flow was largely negligible except for gene flow from a centrally located lake. These results suggest landscape has driven colonization history, which still has influence on genetic structuring. The species are widespread. Understanding how they behave in the pristine Kogaluk provides a baseline against which to evaluate how other anthropogenically perturbed systems are performing. Improved understanding of historical and contemporary processes is required to fully explain diversity patterns in complex metapopulations
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.