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228 results for “light responsive”
Figure 1 in Response of Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) parasitized by the nematode Metaparasitylenchus hypothenemi Poinar (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae) to different colors of light
Figure 1: Relative attraction of CBB (parasitized with MetaparaSityleNChUS hypOtheNeMi and non-parasitized) to 14 light wavelengths compared to the control (570 nm). The asterisk-labeled treatment was statistically different to the control using the χ2 test (P = 0.01). Relative attraction (%) was calculated using the number of borers that chose the treatment and control, applying the formula: [(treatment) (100) / (treatment + control)].
Data and scripts used in the paper entitled "Led Color Gradient As A New Screening Tool For Rapid Phenotyping Of Plant Responses To Light Quality" by Pierre LEJEUNE et al.
<p>Images, script and data used in the paper entitled "Led Color Gradient As A New Screening Tool For Rapid Phenotyping Of Plant Responses To Light Quality" by Pierre LEJEUNE, Anthony FRATAMICO, Frédéric BOUCHÉ, Samuel HUERGA-FERNÁNDEZ, Pierre TOCQUIN, Claire PÉRILLEUX</p>
Photophysiology and molecular responses of the soft coral Sarcophyton cf glaucum exposed to heat and high light stress
<p>An experiment testing different temperatures (26 vs 32 ºC) and light intensities (high light HL and low light LL, ∼662 and 253 µmol photons m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) was carried out using the soft coral <em>Sarcophyton</em> cf <em>glaucum</em> (leather coral) as model species.</p> <p>In summary, corals were exposed to the different light intensities for 30 days (Photoacclimation, time-point 1) and a subsequent marine heatwave simulation was carried out for 10 days (Marine heatwave, time-point 2). Subsequently, corals were returned to control temperature and allowed to recover for 30 days (Recovery, time-point 3). Photophysiological performance (maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), a measure of photosynthetic activity; dark-level fluorescence (F<sub>0</sub>), as a proxy of chlorophyll <em>a</em> content; and zooxanthellae density) and stress biomarkers (total protein, catalase - CAT, superoxide dismutase - SOD, glutathione-S-transferase - GST, total antioxidant capacity - TAC, lipid peroxidation - LPO, ubiquitin - UBI, and heat shock protein 70 - Hsp70) were assessed in corals at these three time-points.</p>
Brown and white layer pullet hybrids show different fear responses towards humans, but what role does light during incubation play in that?
<p>Good early life conditions are increasingly recognized as essential to animal welfare later in life. The use of light during incubation might improve coping capacities and welfare in later life in poultry, by more closely approximating chicken natural environments compared to the current conventional incubation in darkness. Previous studies showed that lighted incubation resulted in more lateralized chicks, a more pronounced daily behavior rhythm, earlier onset of melatonin rhythms, and lower stress reactions to various stressors after hatching. Most existing research, however, has been conducted on broilers, and little information on lighted incubation is available for laying hens. In the current research, Dekalb White and ISA Brown eggs were incubated in complete darkness or in a cycle of green 12L:12D throughout incubation, and five fear of human tests were performed on the 387 chickens during the rearing phase. We expected dark-incubated chickens to show stronger fear responses than light-incubated chickens. That was only the case for one of 15 behavior measurements taken during the tests (<em>p</em> < 0.05). In addition, white layer hybrids are known to be flightier and more fearful than brown hybrids. In this study, white chickens indeed showed stronger fear responses than brown chickens in 12 of the 15 behavior measurements (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.002). Furthermore, we expected light during incubation to have stronger effects on white chickens than on brown chickens, because of the stronger transmission of light through white eggshells. However, the interaction between hybrid and incubation was never significant (<em>p</em> ≥ 0.18). Finally, contrary to our expectations, there was no effect of the incubation treatments or the hybrid on plasma corticosterone responses to a manual restraint test (<em>p</em> ≥ 0.36). Since there was a hybrid effect on behavior in this test, it is reasonable to think that behavior reflected coping style, rather than fear level. To conclude, the light regime used in this study does not seem as promising as expected to improve laying hen welfare. Finally, the brown hybrid was usually less fearful than the white hybrid, though there were some exceptions depending on the stressor, and that should be taken into account in research and in laying hen management.</p>
Evolution of a central dopamine circuit underlies adaptation of light-evoked sensorimotor response in the blind cavefish, <em>Astyanax mexicanus</em>
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Data from: The duration of high spring light for understory plants: contrasting responses to spatial and temporal temperature variation
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Data from: Shade tolerance controls the spectrum of crown sizes and its response to local competition across European and North American tree species: Implications for light interception strategies
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Data from: Annual species’ experimental germination responses to light and temperature do not correspond with their microhabitat associations in the field
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Nitric oxide is not responsible for initial sensory-induced neurovascular coupling response in the barrel cortex of lightly anaesthetised mice
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Best fit parameters describing net CO2 flux light response curves measured during the ITEX CO2 flux survey 2003-2009.
Ecosystem CO2 flux light response curves were measured on 1m x 1m plots ( some 0.3m x 0.3m plots in 2006 and some 0.7m x0.7m plots in 2009) across the arctic. This file contains the best fit parameters that describe these light response curves, together with corresponding NDVI data for each curve. Survey plots were located in the Toolik Lake LTER fertilization experiment in Alaska; at Imnavait Creek, Alaska; at Paddus, Latnjajaure and the Stepps site near Abisko in northern Sweden; at various sites in Adventdalen, Svalbard; in the Zackenberg valley, Northeast Greenland; at BEO near Barrow, Alaska and at the Anaktuvuk River Burn in Alaska. Measurements were made during the growing seasons 2003 to 2009.
Data from: Biomass responses of widely and less-widely naturalized alien plants to artificial light at night
<p>Artificial light at night has rapidly increased during the last century, and could potentially affect many ecological processes, from individuals via communities to entire ecosystems. Recent research has shown that artificial light at night may not only affect the behavior of animals but also growth of plants and vegetation composition. However, it is not known yet whether artificial light at night may also affect other global change components such as plant invasions. </p> <p>Here, we tested how naturalized alien plants respond to artificial light at night, and particularly whether widely naturalized species differ from less-widely naturalized species in their response to artificial light at night. We grew nine taxonomically related pairs of widely naturalized and less-widely naturalized species alone and in competition, with native plants with and without artificial light at night.</p> <p>We found that in the competition treatment, artificial light at night significantly increased the total biomass production per pot, but not the biomass ratio between the naturalized alien plants and the native competitors. Interestingly, although the less-widely naturalized species produced overall significantly less biomass than the widely naturalized species, there was a trend that the less-widely naturalized species increased their biomass more strongly in response to artificial light at night than the widely naturalized species did (<i>P</i> = 0.07).<b> </b></p> <p>Synthesis. Our study shows that although widely naturalized plants produce more biomass than less-widely naturalized plants across different environmental conditions, they took less advantage of artificial light at night. This suggests that artificial light at night might lead to increased spread of currently less-widely naturalized species, at least when artificial light at night continues to increase.</p>
Data from: Varieties of the highly dispersible and hypervariable tree, Metrosideros polymorpha, differ in response to mechanical stress and light across a sharp ecotone
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The drivers of isolation between sympatric populations of long-lived and highly-dispersible conspecific plants are not well understood. In the Hawaiian Islands the landscape-dominant tree, Metrosideros polymorpha, displays extraordinary phenotypic differences among sympatric varieties despite high dispersibility of its pollen and seeds, thereby presenting a unique opportunity to investigate how disruptive selection alone can maintain incipient forms. Stenophyllous M. polymorpha var. newellii is a recently evolved tree endemic to the waterways of east Hawai'i Island that shows striking neutral genetic differentiation from its ancestor, wet-forest var. glaberrima, despite sympatry of these forms. We looked for evidence for, and drivers of, differential local adaptation of these varieties across the range of var. newellii. METHODS: For paired populations of these varieties, we compared seedling performance under contrasting light conditions and a strong water current characteristic of the riparian zone. We also conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment and contrasted adult leaf anatomy. KEY RESULTS: Results suggest that the riparian zone is harsh and that selection involving the mechanical stress of rushing water, and secondarily light, lead to significant reciprocal immigrant inviability in adjacent forest and riparian environments. The strongest adaptive divergence between varieties was seen in leaves and seedlings from the site with the sharpest ecotone, coincident with the strongest genetic isolation of var. newellii observed previously. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that disruptive selection across a sharp ecotone contributes to the maintenance of an incipient riparian ecotype from within a continuous population of a long-lived and highly dispersible tree species.
Data from: Within-individual leaf trait response to local light availability and biodiversity in a subtropical forest experiment
<p>This dataset contains 15 leaf traits and the relative light availability from 400 trees at sub-individual level. Leaf samples were collected in August and September 2017 in the BEF-China main experiment (site A) in different sampling heights within the individuals. Samples were taken in 66 plots across all diversity levels of the experimental site. Leaf traits were analysed using near-infrared spectroscopy. Available leaf traits are LDMC, SLA, leaf N, leaf C, CN ratio, leaf Mg, leaf Ca, leaf K, leaf P, leaf S, cellulose, lignin, phenolics and tannin. Additionally, light data is available for each height level.</p>
Tree seedling functional traits mediate plant-soil feedback survival responses across a gradient of light availability
<p>Though not often examined together, both plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) and functional traits have important influences on plant community dynamics and could interact. For example, seedling functional traits could impact seedling survivorship responses to soils cultured by conspecific versus heterospecific adults. Furthermore, levels of functional traits could vary with soil culturing source. In addition, these relationships might shift with light availability, which can affect trait values, microbe abundance, and whether mycorrhizal colonization is mutualistic or parasitic to seedlings.</p> <p>To determine the extent to which functional traits mediate PSFs via seedling survival, we conducted a field experiment. We planted seedlings of four temperate tree species across a gradient of light availability and into soil cores collected beneath conspecific (sterilized and live) and heterospecific adults. We monitored seedling survival twice per week over one growing season, and we randomly selected subsets of seedlings to measure mycorrhizal colonization and phenolics, lignin, and NSC levels at three weeks.</p> <p>Though evidence for PSFs was limited, <em>Acer saccharum</em> seedlings exhibited positive PSFs (i.e., higher survival in conspecific than heterospecific soils). In addition, soil microbes had a negative effect on <em>A. saccharum</em> and <em>Prunus serotina</em> seedling survival, with reduced survival in live versus sterilized conspecific soil. In general, we found higher trait values (measured amounts of a given trait) in conspecific than heterospecific soils and higher light availability. Additionally, <em>A. saccharum</em> survival increased with higher levels of phenolics, which were higher in conspecific soils and high light.<em> Quercus alba</em> survival decreased with higher AMF colonization.</p> <p>We demonstrate that functional trait values in seedlings as young as three weeks vary in response to soil source and light availability. Moreover, seedling survivorship was associated with trait values for two species, despite both drought and heavy rainfall during the growing season that may have obscured survivorship-trait relationships. These results suggest that seedling traits could have an important role in mediating the effects of local soil source and light levels on seedling survivorship and thus plant traits could have an important role in PSFs.</p>
Data from: Evolutionary change in flight-to-light response in urban moths comes with changes in wing morphology
<p>Moths and other insects are attracted by artificial light sources. This flight-to-light behaviour disrupts their general activity focused on finding essential habitat resources, such as mating partners, and increases predation risk. It thus has substantial fitness costs. In illuminated urban areas, spindle ermine moths <em>Yponomeuta cagnagella</em> were reported to have evolved a reduced flight-to-light response. Yet, the specific mechanism remained unknown, and was hypothesized to involve either changes in visual perception or general flight ability or overall mobility traits. Here, we test whether spindle ermine moths from urban and rural populations—with known differences in flight-to-light response—differ in flight-related morphological traits. Urban individuals were found to have on average smaller wings than rural moths, which in turn correlated with a lower probability of being attracted to an artificial light source. Our finding supports the reduced mobility hypothesis, which states that reduced mobility in urban areas is associated with specific morphological changes in the flight apparatus.</p>
Data from: Far red light increases maize volatile emissions in response to volatile cues from neighboring plants
<p>Plants perceive the presence and defense status of their neighbors through light and volatile cues, but how plants integrate both stimuli is poorly understood. We investigated if and how low Red to Far red light (R:FR) ratios, indicative of shading or canopy closure, affect maize (<em>Zea mays</em>) responses to herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), including the green leaf volatile (<em>Z</em>)-3-hexenyl acetate. We modulated light signaling and perception by using FR supplementation and a <em>phyB1phyB2</em> mutant, and we determined volatile release as a response readout. To gain mechanistic insights, we examined expression of volatile biosynthesis genes, hormone accumulation, and photosynthesis. Exposure to a full blend of HIPVs or (<em>Z</em>)-3-hexenyl acetate induced maize volatile release. Short-term FR supplementation increased this response. In contrast, prolonged FR supplementation or constitutive phytochrome B inactivation in <em>phyB1phyB2 </em>plants showed the opposite response. Short-term FR supplementation enhanced photosynthesis and stomatal conductance and (<em>Z</em>)-3-hexenyl acetate-induced JA-Ile levels. We conclude that a FR-enriched light environment can prompt maize plants to respond more strongly to HIPVs emitted by neighbors, which might be explained by changes in photosynthetic processes and phytochrome B signaling. Our findings reveal interactive responses to light and volatile cues with potentially important consequences for plant-plant and plant-herbivore interactions.</p>
Data from: The Matthew effect: common species become more common and rare ones become more rare in response to artificial light at night
<p class="MsoNormal">Artificial light at night (ALAN) has been and still is rapidly spreading, and has become an important component of global change. Although numerous studies have tested its potential biological and ecological impacts on animals, <span>very few studies have tested whether it affects alien and native plants differently. Furthermore, common plant species, and particularly common alien species, </span>are often found to benefit more from additional resources than rare native and rare alien species. Whether this is also the case with regard to increasing light due to ALAN is still unknown.<span> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Here, we tested how ALAN affected the performance of common and rare alien and native plant species in Germany directly, and indirectly via flying insects. We grew five common alien, six rare alien, five common native and four rare native plant species under four combinations of two ALAN (no ALAN <em>vs</em> ALAN) and two insect-exclusion (no exclusion <em>vs</em> exclusion) treatments, and compared their biomass production.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>We found that common plant species, irrespective of their origin, produced significantly more biomass than rare species, and that this was particularly true under ALAN. Furthermore, alien species tended to show a slightly stronger positive response to ALAN than native species did (<em>p</em> = 0.079).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Our study shows that common plant species benefited more from ALAN than rare ones. This might lead to competitive exclusion of rare species, which could have cascading impacts on other trophic levels and thus have important community-wide consequences, when ALAN becomes more widespread. In addition, the slightly more positive response of alien species indicates that ALAN might increase the risk of alien plant invasions.</span></p>
Light condition experienced by parent plants influences the response of offspring to light via both parental effects and soil legacy effects
<p>1. Environmental conditions experienced by parent plants can influence offspring performance through parental effects induced by DNA methylation. The offspring can also be influenced by environmental conditions experienced by their parents via soil legacy effects due to plant-mediated changes in the composition of soil microbes. These two effects are likely to act simultaneously, but empirical evidence for combined effects is limited.</p> <p>2. We conducted a two-phase experiment with five genotypes of a clonal plant <em>Hydrocotyle vulgaris</em>. In the first phase, we grew parent plants of each genotype under two light conditions (ambient vs. shade) and two DNA demethylation treatments (treated with water vs. 5-azacytidine). We then collected soils and clonal offspring for each genotype from each of these four treatments and measured soil (a)biotic properties. In the second phase, we grew the offspring from each of the four treatments in the four different soils, under the two light conditions.</p> <p>3. When grown under ambient light condition and in soil from ambient parents, offspring produced by ambient parents grew larger than offspring produced by shaded parents when the parents were treated with water. This difference was smaller when the parents were treated with 5-azacytidine, and disappeared when the offspring were grown in soil from shaded parents. The growth difference was also observed when the offspring were grown under shaded condition and in soil from shaded parents. However, this difference was greater when the parents were treated with 5-azacytidine, and disappeared when the offspring were grown in soil from ambient parents. Moreover, offspring growth was associated with fungal composition and total phosphorus of the soil in which the parents had grown.</p> <p>4. Our results show, for the first time, that light condition experienced by parents can influence offspring responses to light through both parental effects and soil legacies. The parental effects were mediated by changes in DNA methylation and the soil legacies were due to plant-mediated changes in a combination of soil biotic and abiotic properties. These impacts may eventually influence the ecological and evolutionary trajectories of clonal plant populations.</p>
Matrimid-JUC-62 and Matrimid-PCN-250 mixed matrix membranes displaying light-responsive gas separation and beneficial ageing characteristics for CO2/N2 separation
<p>FTIR, TGA, XRD and gas permeation results for our study of Matrimid-JUC-62 and Matrimid-PCN-250 mixed matrix membranes, including light-responsive properties.</p> <p>Published in: Prasetya, N., Teck, A.A., Ladewig, B.P., <em>Matrimid-JUC-62 and Matrimid-PCN-250 mixed matrix membranes displaying light-responsive gas separation and beneficial ageing characteristics for CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> separation</em>, (2018) <strong>Scientific Reports</strong>, 8 (1), 2944. </p> <p>doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21263-7">10.1038/s41598-018-21263-7</a></p>
The response behaviour of bats to motion-controlled LED lighting of bicycle trails
<p>Increasing illumination of bicycle trails at night can have an impact on nocturnal animals such as bats. We asked whether motion-triggered LED lights may reduce the negative impact on bats. On a newly LED-lit bicycle trail, we measured the flight and hunting activity of bats in response to LED lighting that was switched on for 40 s when cyclists passed by. In addition, we investigated flight movements of bats close to lampposts with thermal imaging.</p> <p>The study area was located in the city of Münster, Germany, along a 1.5 km test stretch of a newly LED-lit bicycle trail. We selected 5 lampposts with a distance of 210 m to 300 m to each other along the trail that bordered different habitat types (open field, forest, forest/residential area, residential area, park). We equipped each of the 5 lampposts with an echolocation call detector and a light and temperature sensor. Acoustic bat activity was recorded automatically from about 15 minutes before sunset and after sunrise in parallel to light and temperature measurements at all sites simultaneously. Sites were sampled across three nights each during the reproduction season (June/July) and the migration season (August/September) 2022.</p> <p>To track individual bat movements, we used a thermal imaging camera-tracking system with two thermal imaging cameras. From the video recordings, we identified x-, y- and z-coordinates (3D-position) of individual bats. Nine 3D-tracks were recorded and the 18<sup>th</sup> of October 2022, while three tracks were recorded on the 19<sup>th</sup> of October 2022. All 3D-tracks were recorded while LED lights were off.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.