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137 results for “long distance dispersal”
Urbanization impacts short- but not long-distance natal dispersal in a common orb web spider
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Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal multiple long-distance dispersal events and extensive cryptic speciation in Nervilia (Orchidaceae), an isolated basal Epidendroid genus
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Rare, long-distance dispersal underpins genetic connectivity in the pink sea fan, Eunicella verrucosa
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Landscape Corridors Promote Long Distance Seed Dispersal by Birds During Winter but Not During Summer at an Experimentally Fragmented Restoration Site
In fragmented landscapes, plant population persistence and community diversity can hinge upon plants dispersing seeds long distances between isolated patches of habitat. Landscape corridors, which connect otherwise isolated patches, have been shown to increase seed dispersal by birds moving between patch fragments. However, because bird behaviors change seasonally, the strength of this "corridor effect" may also change. We assessed the utility of corridors for promoting seed dispersal by birds during both summer and winter in a well-replicated corridor experiment conducted in early successional longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) savannah habitat at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina, USA. We used a single species of bird-dispersed fruiting plant, American black nightshade (Solanum americanum), and controlled the timing and number of fruits available to birds during summer and winter. Corridors increased long-distance seed dispersal during winter but not during summer, indicating that the effectiveness of corridors for promoting long-distance seed dispersal can depend upon plant reproductive timing and seasonal differences in bird movement. A better understanding of the seasonality of plant-animal interactions will permit better predictions about whether and how corridors provide connectivity for plants.
Data from: Influence of paleolithic range contraction, admixture and long-distance dispersal on genetic gradients of modern humans in Asia
<p>Cavalli-Sforza and coauthors originally explored the genetic variation of modern humans throughout the world and observed an overall east-west genetic gradient in Asia. However, the specific environmental and population genetics processes causing this gradient were not formally investigated and promoted discussion in recent studies. Here we studied the influence of diverse environmental and population genetics processes on Asian genetic gradients and identified which could have produced the observed gradient. To do so, we performed extensive spatially-explicit computer simulations of genetic data under the following scenarios: (<i>i</i>) variable levels of admixture between Paleolithic and Neolithic populations, (<i>ii</i>) migration through long-distance dispersal (LDD), (<i>iii</i>) Paleolithic range contraction induced by the last glacial maximum (LGM) and, (<i>iv</i>) Neolithic range expansions from one or two geographic origins (the Fertile Crescent and the Yangzi and Yellow River Basins). Next, we estimated genetic gradients from the simulated data and we found that they were sensible to the analyzed processes, especially to the range contraction induced by LGM and to the number of Neolithic expansions. Some scenarios were compatible with the observed east-west genetic gradient, such as the Paleolithic expansion with a range contraction induced by the LGM or two Neolithic range expansions from both the east and the west. In general, LDD increased the variance of genetic gradients among simulations. We interpreted the obtained gradients as a consequence of both <i>allele surfing</i> caused by range expansions and isolation by distance along the vast east-west geographic axis of this continent.</p>
Data from: Rare long-distance dispersal of a marine angiosperm across the Pacific Ocean
Aim: Long-distance dispersal (LDD) events occur rarely but play a fundamental role in shaping species biogeography. Lying at the heart of island biogeography theory, LDD relies on unusual events to facilitate colonisation of new habitats and range expansion. Despite the importance of LDD, it is inherently difficult to quantify due to the rarity of such events. We estimate the probability of LDD of the seagrass Heterozostera nigricaulis, a common Australian species, across the Pacific Ocean to colonise South America.Location: Coastal Chile, Australia and the Pacific Ocean. Methods: Genetic analysis of H. nigricaulis collected from Chile and Australia were used to assess the relationship between the populations and levels of clonality. Ocean surface current models were used to predict the probability of propagules dispersing from South East Australia to Central Chile and shipping data used to determine the likelihood of anthropogenic dispersal. Results: Our study infers that the seagrass H. nigricaulis dispersed from Australia across the entire width of the Pacific (~14,000 km) to colonise South America on two occasions. Genetic analyses reveal that these events led to two large isolated clones, one of which covers a combined area of 3.47 km2. Oceanographic models estimate the arrival probability of a dispersal propagule within 3 years to be at most 0.00264%. Early shipping provides a potential alternative dispersal vector, yet few ships sailed from SE Australia to Chile prior to the first recording of H. nigricaulis and the lack of more recent and ongoing introductions demonstrate the rarity of such dispersal. Main Conclusion: These findings demonstrate LDD does occur over extreme distance despite very low probabilities. The large number of propagules (100s of millions) produced over 100s of years suggests that the arrival of propagules in Chile was inevitable and confirms the importance of LDD for species distributions and community ecology.
Plant dispersal syndromes are unreliable as predictors of zoochory and long-distance dispersal by ungulates and waterbirds
<p>Plant dispersal syndromes are allocated based on diaspore morphology and used to predict mechanisms of dispersal. Many authors assume that only angiosperms with endozoochory, epizoochory or anemochory syndromes have a long-distance dispersal (LDD) mechanism. Too much faith is often placed in classical syndromes to explain historical dispersal events and to predict future ones. The "endozoochory syndrome" is actually a "frugivory syndrome" and has often diverted attention from endozoochory by non-frugivores (e.g. waterbirds and large herbivores) that disperse a broad range of angiosperms, for which they likely provide the maximum dispersal distances. Neither the endozoochory nor the epizoochory syndromes provide helpful predictions of which plants non-frugivores disperse, or by which mechanism. We combined data from Albert et al. (2015a), Soons et al. (2016) and Julve (1998) to show that only 4% of European plant species dispersed by ungulate endozoochory belong to the corresponding syndrome, compared to 36% for ungulate epizoochory and 8% for endozoochory by migratory ducks. In contrast, the proportions of these species that are assigned to an "unassisted syndrome" are 37%, 31% and 28%, respectively. Since allocated syndromes do not adequately account for zoochory, empirical studies often fail to find the expected relationship between syndromes and LDD events such as those underlying the colonization of islands or latitudinal migration. We need full incorporation of existing zoochory data into dispersal databases, and more empirical research into the relationship between plant traits and the frequency and effectiveness of different dispersal mechanisms (paying attention to unexpected vectors). Acknowledging the broad role of non-frugivores in facilitating LDD is crucial to improve predictions of the consequences of global change, such as how plant distributions respond to climate change, and how alien plants spread. Networks of dispersal interactions between these vertebrates and plants are a vital but understudied part of the Web of Life. The datasets we present here illustrate these limitations of syndromes, and include data from Brochet et al. (2010) regarding the syndromes of plants dispersed by Eurasian Teal via epizoochory or endozoochory.</p>
Data to support publication figures and animation scripts at GitHub: Modeling weather-driven long-distance dispersal of spruce budworm moths (Choristoneura fumiferana)
<p>Long-term studies of insect populations in the North American boreal forest have shown the vital importance of long-distance dispersal to the maintenance and expansion of insect outbreaks. In this work, we extend several concepts established previously in an empirically-based dispersal flight model with recent work on the physiology and behavior of the adult eastern spruce budworm (SBW) moth, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.). An outbreak of defoliating SBW in Quebec, ongoing since the mid-2000s, already covers millions of hectares of forests in eastern Canada and threatens to spread into neighboring areas through annual summertime episodes of long-distance dispersal. Such flight events in favorable conditions frequently include billions of SBW moths dispersing in the warm atmospheric boundary layer, typically starting around sunset and often lasting through several hours of wind-driven transport over hundreds of kilometers. Successful SBW dispersal to possibly distant host forest areas depends acutely on the weather. Here we describe the components and results of SBW–pyATM, an open-source individual-based modeling framework developed in Python for the simulation of these weather-driven SBW dispersal events. Using seasonal SBW phenology results from BioSIM at known outbreak locations and high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model output, we focus on modeling dispersal flights over two successive nights in July 2013 in southern Quebec. Our flight model closely reproduces the SBW spatial patterns and motions observed by weather surveillance radar over the St. Lawrence estuary. With SBW–pyATM we can estimate landing locations for both male and female SBW and the resulting spatial patterns of egg distribution, allowing us eventually to forecast future larval defoliation activity in new locations where immigration could help overcome local limitations on SBW populations. This information could then support forest management decisions where SBW outbreaks threaten valuable resources.</p>
Data from: Resolving the Northern Hemisphere source region for the long-distance dispersal event that gave rise to the South American endemic dung moss Tetraplodon fuegianus
Premise of the study—American bipolar plant distributions characterize taxa at various taxonomic ranks but are most common in the bryophytes at infraspecific and infrageneric levels. A previous study on the bipolar disjunction in the dung moss genus Tetraplodon found that direct long-distance dispersal from North to South in the Miocene - Pleistocene accounted for the origin of the Southern American endemic Tetraplodon fuegianus, congruent with other molecular studies on bipolar bryophytes. The previous study, however, remained inconclusive regarding a specific Northern Hemisphere source region for the trans-equatorial dispersal event that gave rise to T. fuegianus. Methods—To estimate spatial genetic structure and phylogeographic relationships within the bipolar lineage of Tetraplodon, which includes T. fuegianus, we analyzed thousands of Restriction-site Associated DNA (RADseq) loci and single nucleotide polymorphisms using Bayesian individual assignment and maximum likelihood and coalescent model based phylogenetic approaches. Key results—Northwestern North America is the most likely source of the recent ancestor to T. fuegianus. Conclusions—Tetraplodon fuegianus, which marks the southernmost populations in the bipolar lineage of Tetraplodon, arose following a single long-distance dispersal event involving a T. mnioides lineage that is now rare in the Northern Hemisphere and potentially restricted to the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Furthermore, gene flow between sympatric lineages of Tetraplodon mnioides in the Northern Hemisphere is limited, possibly due to high rates of selfing or reproductive isolation.
Population assignment tests uncover rare long-distance larval dispersal events
<p>Long-distance dispersal (LDD) is consequential to metapopulation ecology and evolution. In systems where dispersal is undertaken by small propagules, such as larvae in the ocean, documenting LDD is especially challenging. Genetic parentage analysis has gained traction as a method for measuring larval dispersal, but such studies are generally spatially limited, leaving LDD understudied in marine species. We addressed this knowledge gap by uncovering LDD with population assignment tests in the coral reef fish <i>Elacatinus lori</i>—a species whose short-distance dispersal has been well-characterized by parentage analysis. When adults (<i>n</i> = 931) collected throughout the species' range were categorized into three source populations, assignment accuracy exceeded 99%, demonstrating low rates of connectivity between populations in the adult generation. After establishing high assignment confidence, we assigned settlers (<i>n</i> = 3,828) to source populations. Within the settler cohort, < 0.1% of individuals were identified as long-distance dispersers from other populations. These results demonstrate an exceptionally low level of connectivity between <i>E. lori</i> populations, despite the potential for ocean currents to facilitate LDD. More broadly, these findings illustrate the value of combining genetic parentage analysis and population assignment tests to uncover short- and long-distance dispersal, respectively.</p>
Global expansion of a solitary-social tropical spitting spider shaped by multiple long-distance dispersals
<p>The spitting spider Scytodes fusca is well known species complex for its unusual hunting technique which involves spitting a venomous sticky silken substance over its prey. Previous studies supposed that S. fusca was native to Central and Southern America but had been expanded to the tropics of almost every continent. We aimed to test the hypothesis of a Neotropical origin for this spider followed by a secondary dispersal to other regions, and to discuss how population expansion occurred in the tropics was driven. We investigated the population structure and spatiotemporal biogeography of the species complex through a culmination of a 22-year comprehensive global sampling using the mitochondrial and nuclear loci (COI, 16S, 18S, 28S, H3 and ITS2). The S. fusca species complex is divided into two clades. One clade comprises the haplotypes from Australasian regions and a haplotype from Baja Peninsula, Mexico. The other is composed of the haplotypes from all analyzed regions including Asia, Australia, the Americas and Madagascar. The Americas and Madagascar populations exhibit a lower genetic diversity compared with the Australasian population, and both have different population demographic histories. The initial divergence within the species complex started during the early Miocene. Diversifications of both clades occurred during the late Miocene. One haplotype was recently and widely dispersed into Southeast Asia, South Asia, Australia, the Americas and Madagascar. Our results elucidate the global spread history of the S. fusca species complex, suggesting a Malay Archipelago origin, two expansion routes, and its multiple dispersals into the Americas that stem from a common native source population, as well as from Australia, Fiji, French Polynesia, or Turks and Caicos bridgeheads. Our data support that the expansion of the S. fusca species complex from Australasia to America and Madagascar was facilitated by long-distance jump dispersal events.</p>
Long-distance dispersal drives the genetic variation and historical demography of Quercus magnoliifolia and Quercus resinosa (Fagaceae) in the Mexican highlands
<p>Genotypes of chloroplast microsatellites used in Albarrán-Lara et al. Data comprises six loci from 61 localities sampling in Mexico</p>
Evidence that long-distance dispersal of aquatic invertebrates by ducks increases with propagule size
<ol> <li> <span>Migratory ducks are key dispersal agents for aquatic organisms, yet </span><span>differences in their potential for short- and long-distance dispersal are still poorly understood, particularly differences among </span><span>aquatic invertebrate taxa</span><span>. </span> </li> <li> <span>Using seven species of </span><span>aquatic invertebrates and </span><span>a duck species known to feed on them in the wild (the northern shoveler) </span><span>as a model system, we evaluated whether their potential for endozoochorous dispersal varies among 5 of the species and scales with propagule size for the 7 species. We also tested the expectation of a lower dispersal potential for invertebrate propagules, as compared to plant seeds; and evaluated whether intra-specific variation (in particular, sexual dimorphism) influences the potential of waterbirds as dispersal vectors. </span> </li> <li><span>An experiment with 5 invertebrate species demonstrated that most resting eggs (68–95%) were retrieved by 4 h after ingestion, with maximum gut passage times ranging from 16 h for <em>Daphnia</em> <em>magna</em> to 36 h for <em>Artemia</em> <em>salina</em> and <em>Thamnocephalus</em> <em>platyurus</em>. Using models that combine migratory duck movements with gut passage times, we show that aquatic invertebrates may disperse frequently over distances of 15–16 km (median dispersal distance) and regularly over distances up to 110–166 km (Q99 distance). </span></li> <li> <span>I</span><span>ncreasing propagule size resulted in increasing gut passage times, decreasing survival of gut passage and decreasing hatching success. While propagule size had no effects on 'regular' dispersal distances (mean, median, Q95 and Q99), the frequency of long-distance dispersal (LDD) increased with it. </span> </li> <li><span>Increasing propagule size therefore had two contrasting effects on invertebrate dispersal potential, decreasing the frequency of dispersal (less seeds dispersed) but increasing the potential for long-distance dispersal. </span></li> <li><span><em>Conclusions</em>: We provide evidence that endozoochory of invertebrate propagules by waterbirds results in frequent dispersal among wetlands (tens of km) and regular dispersal at regional scale (over a hundred km).</span></li> </ol>
Data from: Inferring the timing of long-distance dispersal between Rail metapopulations using genetic and isotopic assignments
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Data from: Resolving the Northern Hemisphere source region for the long-distance dispersal event that gave rise to the South American endemic dung moss Tetraplodon fuegianus
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Plant dispersal syndromes are unreliable as predictors of zoochory and long-distance dispersal by ungulates and waterbirds
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Population assignment tests uncover rare long-distance larval dispersal events
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Data from: Rare long-distance dispersal of a marine angiosperm across the Pacific Ocean
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Data from: Long-distance dispersal is asymmetrical with respect to age, sex and breeding latitude in a long-lived monogamous bird
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Evidence that long-distance dispersal of aquatic invertebrates by ducks increases with propagule size
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.