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245 results for “magnitude”
Source Data for Published Study "Are changes in nociceptive withdrawal reflex magnitude a viable central sensitization proxy? Implications of a replication attempt"
<p>Upload version NWR_v01_20230409</p> <p>Authors: Alexandros Guekos, Alince Catrine Grata, Michèle Hubli, Martin Schubert, and Petra Schweinhardt</p> <p>The present data was collected from August to October 2019 as part of a replication attempt of a previously published study (Ellrich, J., and R-D. Treede. "Convergence of nociceptive and non-nociceptive inputs onto spinal reflex pathways to the tibialis anterior muscle in humans." Acta physiologica scandinavica 163.4 (1998): 391-401, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-201X.1998.t01-1-00392.x). </p> <p>The results of the replication study have been published under open access (Guekos, A., et al. "Are changes in nociceptive withdrawal reflex magnitude a viable central sensitization proxy? Implications of a replication attempt" Clinical Neurophysiology 145 (2023): 139-150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2022.09.011).</p> <p>Details of the paradigm, the experimental setup, and the analysis can be found there.</p> <p>In brief, 16 healthy adults (8 men and 8 women) underwent a single experimental session during which a tonic heat stimulus was applied on one leg to the foot sole and on the other to the calf muscle. Both legs were tested consecutively in pseudorandom order. Concurrently, subjects received transcutaneous electrical stimuli to elicit the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR). The muscle responses were recorded via surface electromyography (sEMG) from the biceps femoris (BF), rectus femoris (RF), and tibialis anterior (TA).</p> <p>The protocol consisisted of eight blocks per leg. During the first two blocks no temperature stimulation was applied. These two blocks served to identify the NWR threshold at the BF. For threshold determination, a single ascending staircase with either single electrical stimulations or triplets (at 2Hz) were used. From the triplets, only the muscle response to the third stimulation was analysed. The higher of the two obtained currents was used as the threshold. The following six blocks used six different temperatures (one per block) of 32, 36, 39, 42, 45 and 46 centigrade. During each block eight transcutaneous electrical stimuli were applied, either to the medial plantar nerve (MP) on the foot sole or to the retromalleolar pathway of the sural nerve (SU). The stimulations increased from -4 mA w.r.t. threshold to 200% threhold. Participants verbally rated perceived pain for every stimulation during these six blocks.</p> <p>Every electrical stimulation consisted of a train of five rectangular stimuli of 1 ms duration delivered at 200 Hz. Muscle responses were recorded from 120 pre- to 380 ms post-stimulation. The recorded sEMG signals were sampled at 48 kHz and downsampled to 6 kHz, rectified, band-pass filtered from 10 Hz to 500 Hz and amplified up to 125 times. Between 120 ms pre- and 380 ms post-stimulation, traces for all applied stimulations were automatically saved into separate txt files.</p> <p>Please consult the README.txt file for details on the structure of the uploaded data and for information w.r.t. potential instances of incompleteness or unusability.</p> <p>The study was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation as part of a grant to PS (grant number 320030_179191/1).</p>
Data from: Biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships change in sign and magnitude across the Hill diversity spectrum
<p>Motivated by accelerating anthropogenic extinctions, decades of biodiversity–ecosystem function (BEF) experiments show that ecosystem function declines with species loss from local communities. Yet, at the local scale, changes in species' total and relative abundances are more common than species loss. The consensus best biodiversity measures are Hill numbers, which use a scaling parameter, ℓ, to emphasize rarer versus more common species. Shifting that emphasis captures distinct, function-relevant biodiversity gradients beyond species richness. Here, we hypothesized that Hill numbers that emphasize rare species more than richness does may distinguish large, complex and presumably higher functioning assemblages from smaller and simpler ones. In this study, we tested which values of ℓ produce the strongest BEF relationships in community datasets of ecosystem functions provided by wild, free-living organisms. We found that ℓ values that emphasized rare species more than richness does most often correlated most strongly with ecosystem functions. As emphasis shifted to more common species, BEF correlations were often weak and/or negative. We argue that unconventional Hill diversities that shift emphasis towards rarer species may be useful for describing biodiversity change, and that employing a wide spectrum of Hill numbers can clarify mechanisms underlying BEF relationships</p> <p>This article is part of the theme issue ‘Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions’.</p>
Dataset of Thermography captures the differential sensitivity of dryland functional types to changes in rainfall event timing and magnitude
<p>The folder contains all data that have been used in the article "<strong>Thermography captures the differential sensitivity of dryland functional types to changes in rainfall event timing and magnitude" </strong>published in the "New Phytologist" journal.</p> <p>https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19127</p>
Data from: The magnitude of Allee effects varies across Allee mechanisms, but not taxonomic groups
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Population models used in: Method to assess potential magnitude of terrestrial European avian population reductions from ingestion of lead ammunition
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Limited movement of an avian hybrid zone in relation to regional variation in magnitude of climate change
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Magnitude and predictability of pH fluctuations shape plastic responses to ocean acidification
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Adaptive zones shape the magnitude of premating reproductive isolation in Timema stick insects
<p>Simpson's fossil-record inspired model of 'adaptive zones' proposes that evolution is dominated by small fluctuations within adaptive zones, occasionally punctuated by larger shifts between zones. This model can help explain why the process of population divergence often results in weak or moderate reproductive isolation (RI), rather than strong RI and distinct species. Applied to the speciation process, the adaptive zones hypothesis makes two inter-related predictions: (i) large shifts between zones are relatively rare, (ii) when large shifts do occur they generate stronger RI than shifts within zones. Here we use ecological, phylogenetic, and behavioural data to test these predictions in <i>Timema </i>stick insects. We show that host use in <i>Timema</i> is dominated by moderate shifts within the systematic divisions of flowering plants and conifers, with only a few extreme shifts between these divisions. However, when extreme shifts occur they generate greater RI than do more moderate shifts. Our results support the adaptive zones model, and suggest that the net contribution of ecological shifts to diversification is dependent on both their magnitude and frequency. We discuss the generality of our findings in light of emerging evidence from diverse taxa that the evolution of RI is not always the only factor determining the origin of species diversity</p>
Output from carbon forest edge effect analysis: edge effect distance and magnitude
<p>Carbon edge effect distance and magnitude results for edge effects on forest carbon stocks across the tropics. In grid cells where the majority of pixels were from forest biomes, we consider three candidate regression models to represent the relationship between biomass density and distance to forest edge. In particular, we consider:</p> <p>method 1: Biomass= θ_1-θ_2⋅exp(-θ_3⋅Distance)</p> <p>method 2: Biomass= β_0+β_1⋅ln(Distance)</p> <p>method 3: Biomass = \eta_0+\eta_1 * Distance</p> <p>Then, for each grid cell, the candidate with the highest $R^2$ is used to best represent the relationship between density and distance to forest edge. Models (2) and (3) were deemed as suitable (and more simplistic) alternatives in cells where higher distances were generally not observed and as a result the forest core was not firmly established. We also note that in the vast majority of grid cells, model (1) was optimal. For each cell the magnitude and distance of the edge effect were again estimated. In cells using models (2) or (3) the forest core () was estimated as the average biomass density at the largest observed distance in the cell.</p> <p>regression_coefficients_as_shapefile - projected spatially as an ESRI Shapefile where the methods are defined as:</p>
Relationship between rupture length and magnitude of oceanic transform fault earthquakes
<p>We provide here the supplementary material to <em><strong>Relationship between rupture lengths and magnitudes of oceanic transform fault earthquakes,</strong> </em>by Guilherme de Melo, Ingo Grevemeyer, Dietrich Lange, Dirk Metz, and Heidrun Kopp.</p> <p> </p>
Potency Magnitude Catalog for Western US Earthquakes: 1950-2024
<p>Earthquake catalog for the western US, derived from the US Geological Survey's Comprehensive Catalog (<a href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/search/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/search/</a>) and supplemented with estimates of seismic potency and potency magnitude. The dataset is space-delimited with the following columns, listed on the header line:</p> <ul> <li>evid: ComCat event id</li> <li>time: ComCat preferred origin time (UTC)</li> <li>lat: ComCat preferred latitude</li> <li>lon: ComCat preferred longitude</li> <li>dep: ComCat preferred event depth</li> <li>mag: ComCat preferred magnitude</li> <li>mag_typ: ComCat preferred magnitude type</li> <li>logP0: Estimate of seismic potency in units of cm*km^2 (log10)</li> <li>Mp: Potency magnitude, equivalent to moment magnitude (Mw) assuming a shear modulus of 36 GPa in calculated moment</li> <li>main: Clustering designation (1 or 0) indicating whether or not the event is the mainshock within a cluster of events. Clustering is defined via the nearest-neighbor diagram method of Zaliapin and Ben-Zion (2013).</li> </ul> <p>If you use this dataset in your research, please cite: </p> <div> <div>Trugman, D. T., & Ben‐Zion, Y. (2024). Potency–Magnitude Scaling Relations and a Unified Earthquake Catalog for the Western United States. <em>The Seismic Record</em>, <em>4</em>(3), 223–230. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1785/0320240022">https://doi.org/10.1785/0320240022</a></div> </div>
Supplementary material S29: Accelerometer sensitivity and linearity at varying signal magnitudes.
<p>Accelerometer sensitivity and linearity with frequency. Artificial vibrations with three different magnitudes were driven with a frequency sweep from 0 to 24 kHz, with an electromagnetic shaker. The accelerometer outputs (a) are modulated by both the shaker and the crystal responses. The ratio of any two curves (signal = 6 divided by signal = 3 for (b), and signal = 9 divided by signal = 3 for (c)) allows the estimation of the accelerometer’s linearity alone. These figures demonstrate the remarkable linearity of our sensor, except for the bandwidth between 14-18 kHz and frequencies beyond 23 kHz, where up to 10% deviation can be seen. Our signals of interest seldom or never overlap with these frequency bands.</p>
Data for: Parallel recolonisations generate distinct genomic sectors in kelp following high magnitude earthquake disturbance
<p>Large-scale disturbance events have the potential to drastically reshape biodiversity patterns. Notably, newly vacant habitat space cleared by disturbance can be colonised by multiple lineages, which can lead to the evolution of distinct spatial 'sectors' of genetic diversity within a species. We test for disturbance-driven sectoring of genetic diversity in intertidal southern bull kelp, <i>Durvillaea antarctica</i> (Chamisso) Hariot following the high-magnitude 1855 Wairarapa earthquake in New Zealand. Specifically, we use genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to analyse fine-scale population structure across the uplift zone to assess the fit of alternative recolonisaton models. Our analysis reveals that specimens from the uplift zone carry genomic signatures distinct from populations in other regions, consistent with recolonisation after the 1855 earthquake. Crucially, our analysis identifies two parapatric spatial-genomic sectors of <i>D. antarctica</i> at Turakirae Head, which experienced the most dramatic uplift. We infer that bull kelp in the Wellington region survived moderate uplift and recolonised the devastated Turakirae Head coastline through two parallel, eastward recolonisation events. By identifying multiple parapatric genotypic sectors within a recently recolonised coastal region, the current study confirms that competing lineage expansions can generate striking spatial structuring of genetic diversity, even in highly dispersive taxa.</p>
Magnitude and determinants of road traffic accidents in North Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
<p>Number and types of a road traffic accidents in relation to road and road user, environmental and time related and vehicle related factors</p>
Data from: A shared numerical magnitude representation evidenced by the distance effect in frequency-tagging EEG
<p>Humans can effortlessly abstract numerical information from various codes and contexts. However, whether the access to the underlying magnitude information relies on common or distinct brain representations remains highly debated. Here, we recorded electrophysiological responses to periodic variation of numerosity (every five items) occurring in rapid streams of numbers presented at 6Hz in randomly varying codes – Arabic digits, number words, canonical dot patterns and finger configurations. Results demonstrated that numerical information was abstracted and generalized over the different representation codes by revealing clear discrimination responses (at 1.2 Hz) of the deviant numerosity from the base numerosity, recorded over parieto-occipital electrodes. Crucially, and supporting the claim that discrimination responses reflected magnitude processing, the presentation of a deviant numerosity distant from the base (e.g., base "2" and deviant "8") elicited larger right-hemispheric responses than the presentation of a close deviant numerosity (e.g., base "2" and deviant "3"). This finding nicely represents the neural signature of the distance effect, an interpretation further reinforced by the clear correlation with individuals' behavioral performance in an independent numerical comparison task. Our results, therefore, provide for the first time unambiguously a reliable and specific neural marker of a magnitude representation that is shared among several numerical codes.</p>
Datasets containing velocity gradients and their residual vorticity magnitude.
<p>This repository contains 4 datasets:</p> <p> </p> <ol> <li>validation dataset</li> <li>100k entry testing dataset</li> <li>non-sampled training dataset</li> <li>training dataset consisting of 2 part which will be used for training over sampled data </li> </ol>
Dataset used in publication titled " Dependence of climate and carbon cycle response in net zero emission pathways on the magnitude and duration of positive and negative emission pulses"
<p>Essential model data use to produce figures and tables for the publication titled " Dependence of climate and carbon cycle response in net zero emission pathways on the magnitude and duration of positive and negative emission pulses"</p>
What makes decomposition faster under conspecific trees? The factors controlling the magnitude of home-field advantage
<p>The "home-field advantage (HFA)" for decomposition means that leaf litter decomposes faster on soils under the conspecific species (i.e., the home field) than on soils under different species (i.e., "away"). Many previous studies have demonstrated the HFA, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We conducted a reciprocal litter-decomposition experiment using two species with different leaf traits: <em>Abies mariesii</em>, an evergreen conifer, and <em>Fagus crenata</em>, a deciduous broad-leaved tree. The dominance of these species shifts along an elevation gradient with a transition zone where both species coexist. In mixed forests of the transition zone along the elevation gradient, we explored how the magnitude of HFA between these two species was influenced by temperature, soil properties, or leaf litter traits which could directly affect the decomposition rate. The magnitude of HFA observed between the two species varied widely from -3.89% to 28.3%. Our modeling showed that the magnitude of HFA increased with decreasing soil pH and leaf litter N, i.e., in more acidic soil and for less decomposable litter. Soil pH affected leaf litter decomposition in the home plots of each species, whereas leaf litter N did not. The magnitude of the HFA increased as the difference in soil pH between the <em>F. crenata </em>and <em>A. mariesii</em> plots at the same elevation became greater, but decreased as the difference in soil C became greater. Thus, the response of leaf litter decomposition to environmental changes might vary not only through direct effects of vegetation traits but also through indirect effects of the HFA. This highlights the importance of considering HFA for accurately predicting the response of local carbon and nutrient cycles to climate change, particularly in communities where a replacement of dominant species by others is expected due to climate change.</p>
Code and data for spatial and temporal magnitude clustering analysis
<p>Code used for performing spatial and temporal seismic magnitude clustering analysis. Includes documentation (README.txt) with steps on how to implement the code. The public datasets used for this study can be accessed at the following locations: </p> <ul> <li><strong>Southern California Catalog: </strong> <ul> <li>SCEDC (2013): Southern California Earthquake Center.<br> Caltech.Dataset. doi:<a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.7909/C3WD3xH1">10.7909/C3WD3xH1</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Northern California Catalog:</strong> <ul> <li>NCEDC (2014), Northern California Earthquake Data Center. UC Berkeley Seismological Laboratory. Dataset. doi:10.7932/NCEDC.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Mixed-mode Laboratory Catalog:</strong> <ul> <li>Lin, Qing, et al. "Opening and mixed mode fracture processes in a quasi-brittle material via digital imaging." <em>Engineering Fracture Mechanics</em> 131 (2014): 176-193.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>ETAS Code:</strong> <ul> <li>Leila Mizrahi, Shyam Nandan, Stefan Wiemer 2021;<br> Embracing Data Incompleteness for Better Earthquake Forecasting. (Section 3.1)<br> <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth</em>; doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB022379">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB022379</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul>
"Adaptive Radial Projection on Fourier Magnitude Spectrum for Document Image Skew Estimation"
<p>We build DISE2021 datasets from 95 images from DISEC2013 dataset [12], 70 images from RDCL dataset [22], and 324 images from RVL-CDIP dataset [14]. The composed datasets contains various types of documents, multiple languages, and typography features. Firstly, all the images are ensured and verified to be in a straight position. Secondly, we use the generating algorithm as in [12] to generate skew images in the range −15 to +15 skew degree. The dataset is split into two development/test sets by a ratio of 0.7/0.3 that results in 3399 development images and 1491 testing images. When generating the skew dataset in the range from −44.9 to 44.9 skew degree, we double the augmented image that results in 6980 development images and 2800 testing images. </p> <p>Note: This datasets are built upon three other datasets: DISEC 2013, RVL-CDIP, RDCL 2017. So I urge you to respect their LICENSE.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.