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3,202 results for “maintenance”
Plant interaction networks reveal the limits of our understanding of diversity maintenance
<p>Species interactions are key drivers of biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Current theoretical frameworks for understanding the role of interactions make many assumptions which, unfortunately, do not always hold in natural, diverse communities. This mismatch extends to annual plants, a common model system for studying coexistence, where interactions are typically averaged across environmental conditions and transitive competitive hierarchies are assumed to dominate. We quantify interaction networks for a community of annual wildflowers in Western Australia across a natural shade gradient at local scales. Whilst competition dominated, intraspecific and interspecific facilitation were widespread in all shade categories. Interaction strengths and directions varied substantially despite close spatial proximity and similar levels of local species richness, with most species interacting in different ways under different environmental conditions. Contrary to expectations, all networks were predominantly intransitive. These findings encourage us to rethink how we conceive of and categorise the mechanisms driving biodiversity in plant systems.</p>
Data from: A new mechanistic model for individual growth suggests upregulated maintenance costs when food is scarce in an insect
<p>In order to calibrate and evaluate a recently developed growth model, the Maintenance-Growth Model (MGM), for the case of growth under food restriction, empirical data for house crickets (<em>Acheta</em> <em>domesticus</em>) were collected and analysed. This data set contains data for individually reared crickets growing under two different regimes of controlled food limitation as well as data for food-limited cohorts of growing house crickets. The sets include temporal data for body mass and ingestion as well as age and size at maturation (imago emergence). The data for food-limited cohorts were collected prior to this study and parts of it have previously been analysed and presented in a publication on animal self-thinning. </p>
Data from: Dominance reversals and the maintenance of genetic variation
<p>Beneficial reversals of dominance reduce the costs of genetic trade-offs and can enable selection to maintain genetic variation for fitness. Beneficial dominance reversals are characterized by the beneficial allele for a given context (<em>e.g.</em> habitat, developmental stage, trait, or sex) being dominant in that context but recessive where deleterious. This context-dependence at least partially mitigates the fitness consequence of heterozygotes carrying one non-beneficial allele for their context and can result in balancing selection that maintains alternative alleles. Dominance reversals are theoretically plausible and are supported by mounting empirical evidence. Here we highlight the importance of beneficial dominance reversals as a mechanism for the mitigation of genetic conflict and review the theory and empirical evidence for them. We identify some areas in need of further research and development and outline three methods (dominance ordination, allele-specific expression, and allele-specific ATAC-Seq) that could facilitate the identification of antagonistic genetic variation. There is ample scope for the development of new empirical methods as well as reanalysis of existing data through the lens of dominance reversals. A greater focus on this topic will expand our understanding of the mechanisms that resolve genetic conflict and whether they maintain genetic variation.</p>
Data from: Coevolution of longevity and female germline maintenance
<p>An often-overlooked aspect of life-history optimization is the allocation of resources to protect the germline and secure safe transmission of genetic information. While failure to do so renders significant fitness consequences in future generations, germline maintenance comes with substantial costs. Thus, germline allocation should trade-off with other life history decisions and be optimized in accordance with an organism's reproductive schedule. Here we tested this hypothesis by studying germline maintenance in lines of seed beetle, selected for early (E) or late (L) reproduction for 350 and 240 generations, respectively. Female animals provide maintenance and screening of male gametes in their reproductive tract and oocytes. Here, we revealed the ability of young and aged E and L-females to provide this form of germline maintenance by mating them to males with ejaculates with artificially elevated levels of protein and DNA damage. We find that germline maintenance in E-females peaks at young age and then declines, while the opposite is true for L-females, in accordance with the age of reproduction in respective regime. These findings identify the central role of allocation to secure germline integrity in life history evolution and highlight how females can play a crucial role in mitigating effects of male germline decisions on mutation rate and offspring quality.</p>
Memory B Cells and Their Transcriptomic Profiles Associated with Belimumab Resistance in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the Maintenance Phase
<p>Normalized count of RNA sequences from systemic lupus erythematosus patients treated with belimumab.</p> <p>We collected blood samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (n=44) before and approximately 3 and 6 months after treatment by belimumab, respectively. We also included healthy individuals (n=17). There were no missing samples in the before-treatment specimen for 44 patients; however, five samples were missing at the three-month time, and four were missing at the six-month time after treatment. Whole blood samples were stored in PAXgene tubes (QUIAGEN). RNA was extracted by PAXgene Blood RNA Kit (QUIAGEN). Library preparation was performed using TruSeq stranded Total RNA Library PrepKit with Ribo-Zero Globin Human. Sequencing was conducted by NovaSeq6000 in the 100-bp paired-end mode. Sequencing reads were trimmed using Trimmomatic ver. 0.36 (leading: 20, trailing: 20, slidingwindow: 4:15, minlen: 36) and aligned to hg38 reference genome using STAR (ver. 2.7.3a). Gene counts were generated by RSEM (ver. 1.3.1) using Homo_sapiens.GRCh38.95.gtf from the Ensembl database. Gene counts were normalized by size factor implemented in DESeq2 and converted to count per million (CPM), and log<sub>2</sub>(CPM+1) was calculated. </p> <p>Sample names starting with 'R_' indicate responders, while those ending with '_NR' indicate non-responders. '0M' represents before treatment, '3M' represents three months after treatment, and '6M' represents six months after treatment. The numeric ID, excluding the last two characters, represents individual patients.</p> <p> </p> <p>If you use this data, please cite Iwasaki et al. Front. Immunol., 04 February 2025 <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1506298">https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1506298</a></p>
Forest cover and connectivity have pervasive effects on the maintenance of evolutionary distinct interactions in seed dispersal networks
<p>This Data set contain 29 table of weighted interaction network between plants (columns) and frugivore birds from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest used in the manuscript "Forest cover and connectivity have pervasive effects on the maintenance of evolutionary distinct interactions in seed dispersal networks" published in Oikos Journal.</p>
Density-dependent selection and the maintenance of colour polymorphism in barn owls
<p>The capacity of natural selection to generate adaptive changes is according to the Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection proportional to the additive genetic variance in fitness. In spite of its importance for development of new adaptations to a changing environment, processes affecting the magnitude of the genetic variance in fitness-related traits are poorly understood. Here we show that the red-white colour polymorphism in female barn owls is subject to density-dependent selection at the phenotypic and genotypic level. The diallelic melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene explained a large amount of the phenotypic variance in reddish colouration in the females (R^2 = 59.8 %). Red individuals (RR genotype) were selected for at low densities, while white individuals (WW genotype) were favoured at high densities and were less sensitive to changes in density. We show that this density-dependent selection favours white individuals and predicts fixation of the white allele in this population at longer time scales without immigration or other selective forces. Still, fluctuating population density will cause selection to fluctuate and periodically favour red individuals. These results suggest how balancing selection caused by fluctuations in population density can be a general mechanism affecting the level of additive genetic variance in natural populations.</p>
Asymmetric density-dependent competition does not contribute to the maintenance of sex in a mixed population of sexual and asexual Potamopyrgus antipodarum
<p>Asexual reproduction is expected to have a two-fold reproductive advantage over sexual reproduction, owing to the cost of producing males in sexual subpopulations. The persistence of sexual females thus requires an advantage to sexual reproduction, at least periodically. Here we tested the hypothesis that asexual females are more sensitive to limited resources. Under this idea, fluctuations in the availability of resources (<em>per capita</em>) could periodically favor sexual females when resources become limited. We combined sexual and asexual freshwater snails (<em>Potamopyrgus antipodarum</em>) together in nylon mesh enclosures at three different densities in an outdoor mesocosm. After one month, we counted the brood size of fertile female snails. We found that fecundity declined significantly with increasing density. However, sexual females did not produce more offspring than asexual females at any of the experimental densities. Our results thus suggest that the cost of sexual reproduction in <em>P. antipodarum</em> is not ameliorated by periods of intense resource competition.</p>
Microbiome assembly and maintenance across the lifespan of bumble bee workers
<p>How a host's microbiome changes over its lifespan can influence development and aging. As these temporal patterns have only been described in detail for humans and a handful of other hosts, an important next step is to compare microbiome dynamics across a broader array of host-microbe symbioses, and to investigate how and why they vary. Here we characterize the temporal dynamics and stability of the bumblebee worker gut microbiome. Bumblebees are a useful symbiosis model given their relatively well-understood life history and simple, host-specific gut bacterial communities. Furthermore, microbial dynamics may influence bumblebee health and pollination services. We combined high-temporal-resolution sampling with 16S rRNA gene sequencing, quantitative PCR, and shotgun metagenomics to characterize gut microbiomes over the adult lifespan of Bombus impatiens workers. To understand how hosts may control (or lose control of) the gut microbiome as they age, we also sequenced hindgut transcriptomes. We found that, at the community level, microbiome assembly is highly predictable and similar to patterns of primary succession observed in the human gut. At the same time, partitioning of strain-level bacterial variants among colonies suggests stochastic colonization events similar to those observed in flies and nematodes. We also find strong differences in temporal dynamics among symbiont species, suggesting ecological differences among microbiome members in colonization and persistence. Finally, we show that both the gut microbiome and host transcriptome—including expression of key immunity genes—stabilize, as opposed to senesce, with age. We suggest that in highly social groups such as bumblebees, maintenance of both microbiomes and immunity contribute to the inclusive fitness of workers, and thus remain under selection even in old age. Our findings provide a foundation for exploring the mechanisms and functional outcomes of bee microbiome succession, and for comparative analyses with other host-microbe symbioses.</p>
Data from: Asynchronous life histories generate uneven arms races and impact the maintenance of mutualisms
<p>Mutualisms constitute a diverse class of ecologically important interactions, yet their ecological and evolutionary stability remain topics of debate in coevolutionary theory. Recent theoretical and empirical work has suggested that coevolutionary arms races may be involved in the maintenance of mutualistic interactions, sustaining mutually beneficial outcomes for interacting species while producing exaggerated traits. Here we present an individual-based model that evaluates how asynchronous life histories – i.e., partners with different average lifespans – change the dynamics of trait coevolution, the expected fitness outcomes for species involved, and the dynamics of selection differentials across time for each species. Results indicate that a longer-lived mutualist will consistently 'lose' an otherwise balanced coevolutionary arms race, being outpaced in both the mean trait value and fitness outcome compared to a shorter-lived partner. Furthermore, linear selection differentials on mutualistic traits become increasingly divergent as life histories become increasingly asynchronous, with the longer-lived species experiencing persistent directional selection and the shorter-lived species experiencing weaker, more inconsistent selection. These results suggest that asynchronous life histories can complicate the maintenance of mutualistic interactions via coevolutionary arms-races and that detecting coevolution via selection differentials may be difficult when life histories are sufficiently divergent.</p>
EEG recordings during resting-state and the maintenance periods of a spatial working memory task in humans
<p>Scripts used to analyze data for the manuscript submitted for publication in EJN</p> <p><strong>Script_Curve_Fitting_HBM.rtf</strong></p> <p>Dr. Hadj Boumediene Meziane: hbmeziane@gmail.com </p> <p><span>We therefore considered this continuous change in power as an extraneous variable </span><em><span>y<sub>k</sub>(x)</span></em><span> impacting the measured power spectrum </span><em><span>Pow(E<sub>k</sub>)</span></em><span>, and modeled it with a binomial equation that best fit the data, where the coefficients in <em>p<sub>i</sub></em> are in descending powers, and the length of <em>p</em> is <em>(n+1), k </em>is trial number (<em>k = 1 to 10</em>):</span></p> <p><strong><em><span>y<sub>k</sub>(x) = p<sub><span>1 </span></sub>. x<sup><span>2</span></sup><span><span> </span></span>+ p<sub><span>2 </span></sub>. x<span> </span>+ p<sub><span>3</span></sub></span></em></strong></p> <p><span>In order to statistically compare the topographies between the trials with perfect recall and the trials with failed recall, we subtracted this variable from the mean spectral topographies of each subject and for each electrode by first producing the mean spectral curves of each maintenance trial in the theta and alpha frequency bands, taking into account the IAF, and then calculating the coefficients (</span><em><span>p<sub>1</sub></span></em><span>, </span><em><span>p<sub>2</sub></span></em><span> and </span><em><span>p<sub>3</sub></span></em><span>) of the binomial equation using the Matlab function <em>polyfit.m.</em> Once the coefficients were determined, this estimate was subtracted from each power spectrum matrix using the following formula:</span></p> <p><strong><em><span>PowFit(E<sub><span>k</span></sub>) = Pow (E<sub><span>k</span></sub>) – </span></em></strong><strong><em><span>y<sub>k</sub>(x)</span></em></strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Script_Perf_Fail_EEG_Power_Spec_HBM.rtf</strong></p> <p>Dr. Hadj Meziane: hbmeziane@gmail.com<br>This script calculates EEG power spectra then compares perf and fail conditions, then plots brain topographies with statical results</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Script_Perf_Fail_EEG_Sources_Spec_HBM.rtf</strong></p> <p>Dr. Hadj Boumediene Meziane: hbmeziane@gmail.com<br>This script compares EEG source spectra then compares Perf vs. Fail conditions then plot statistical results (significant voxels) on MRI volume</p>
Maintenance of a narrow hybrid zone between native and introduced red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) despite conspecificity and high dispersal capabilities
<p>Human-facilitated introductions of nonnative populations can lead to secondary contact between previously allopatric lineages, resulting in either homogenization of the lineages or stable hybrid zones that are maintained by pre-zygotic (e.g., behavioral) or post-zygotic (e.g., reduced hybrid fitness) reproductive barriers. We investigated patterns of gene flow between the native Sacramento Valley red fox (<em>Vulpes vulpes patwin</em>) and an introduced conspecific population of captive-bred (fur-farm) origin in California's Central Valley. Considering their recent divergence (i.e., ~50 kya), we hypothesized that pre-zygotic mechanisms primarily impede gene flow, rather than post-zygotic barriers. Additionally, some genes originating in nonnative foxes may confer higher fitness in the currently human-dominated landscape resulting in selective introgression into the native population. Genetic analysis of 682 red foxes (255 native, 427 nonnative) at both mitochondrial (cytB + Dloop) and nuclear loci (~19,000 SNPs) revealed significantly narrower cline widths than expected under a simulated model of unrestricted gene flow, consistent with the existence of pre- or post-zygotic reproductive barriers. We identified several loci with reduced introgression linked to behavioral divergence in captive bred foxes, which supports pre-zygotic mechanisms as a putative driver of the narrow hybrid zone. Additionally, several loci with elevated gene flow from the nonnative into the native population, were near genes associated with adaptation to human dominated landscapes. Overall, this study contributes to our understanding of hybrid zone dynamics in vertebrates, particularly in the context of species introductions and landscape changes, underscoring the importance of considering multiple mechanisms that may be at play in maintaining lineages at both the species and subspecies level.</p>
Fig. 3 in The roles of marginal lagoons in the maintenance of genetic diversity in the Brazilian migratory fishes Prochilodus argenteus and P. costatus
Fig. 3. Dendrogram representing the chord genetic distance among sampling groups of Prochilodus costatus. ABAr = rio Abaeté at rainy season; PAR = rio Paracatu lagoons; SFR = rio São Francisco lagoons; TMDd = Três Marias Dam at dry season; TMDr = Três Marias Dam at rainy season.
Fig. 2 in The roles of marginal lagoons in the maintenance of genetic diversity in the Brazilian migratory fishes Prochilodus argenteus and P. costatus
Fig. 2. Dendrogram representing the chord genetic distance among sampling groups of Prochilodus argenteus. ABAr = rio Abaeté at rainy season; CAR = rio Carinhanha lagoons; JEQ = rio Jequitaí lagoons; PAR = rio Paracatu lagoons; SFR = rio São Francisco lagoons; URU = rio Urucuia lagoons; VEL = rio das Velhas lagoons; TMDd = Três Marias Dam at dry season; TMDr = Três Marias Dam at rainy season.
Fig. 1 in The roles of marginal lagoons in the maintenance of genetic diversity in the Brazilian migratory fishes Prochilodus argenteus and P. costatus
Fig. 1. Map showing the central portion of the rio São Francisco basin and the distribution of the samples of Prochilodus argenteus (yellow) and of P. costatus (black). The circles represent marginal lagoons from tributaries, squares represent marginal lagoons from the rio São Francisco, and triangles represent places in the mainstream rio São Francisco in the Três Marias region. ABA = rio Abaeté; CAR = rio Carinhanha lagoons; JEQ = rio Jequitaí lagoons; PAR = rio Paracatu lagoons; SFR = rio São Francisco lagoons; URU = rio Urucuia lagoons; VEL = rio das Velhas lagoons; TMD = Três Marias Dam.
Dataset of historical hourly information of four european wind farms for wind energy forecasting and maintenance
<p><strong>If you use this dataset please cite this paper: Sánchez-Soriano, J.; Paniagua-Falo, P.J.; Gómez Muñoz, C.Q. Historical Hourly Information of Four European Wind Farms for Wind Energy Forecasting and Maintenance. Data 2025, 10, 38. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/data10030038" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.3390/data10030038</a></strong></p> <p>For an electric company, having an accurate forecast of the expected electrical production and maintenance from its wind farms is crucial. This information is essential for operating in various existing markets such as Iberian Energy Market Operator - Spanish Hub (OMIE in its Spanish acronym), Portuguese Hub (OMIP in its Spanish acronym), and Iberian electricity market between the Kingdom of Spain and the Portuguese Republic (MIBEL in its Spanish acronym), among others. The accuracy of these forecasts is vital for estimating the costs and benefits of the handling of electricity. This article explains the process of creating the complete dataset, which includes the acquisition of the hourly information of four European wind farms as well as a description of the structure and content of the dataset which amounts to 2 years of hourly information. The wind farms are in three countries, two from Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (France), Aragon (Spain) and the Piemonte region (Italy). The presented dataset is available and accessible to improve the forecasting and management of wind farms, especially for the detection of faults and the elaboration of a preventive maintenance plan.</p> <p>The full description of the characteristics of the dataset, as well as its components, format and methodology, can be found here: "Historical Hourly Information of Four European Wind Farms for Wind Energy Forecasting and Maintenance". Data 2025, 10, 38. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/data10030038" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.3390/data10030038</a></p>
Fig. 1 in Land management and biodiversity maintenance: a case study in grasslands in the Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul
Fig. 1. Principal Coordinates Analysis of four grassland with different historical use, described for 21 variables and 80 SU. ● = GSB, ○ = GRC, □ = GR1, ◊ = GR2, Aaff = Axonopus affinis, Ppum = Paspalum pumilum.
Figure 2 in Design and optimization of an experimental maintenance system for yellow clam broodstock Amarilladesma mactroides (Reeve, 1854)
Figure 2. Yellow clams (Amarilladesma mactroides) numbered with a black permanent ink and a red nail polish covered with a bicomponent adhesive based on epoxy resin (Araldite) on the day that it was first marked (a and b) and after 10 days buried in the experimental maintenance system (c).
Figure 1. Experimental unit model built with a 150 in Design and optimization of an experimental maintenance system for yellow clam broodstock Amarilladesma mactroides (Reeve, 1854)
Figure 1. Experimental unit model built with a 150 mm PVC pipe and coupling, used in the maintenance of yellow clam (Amarilladesma mactroides) broodstock in the laboratory.
Figure 4 in Design and optimization of an experimental maintenance system for yellow clam broodstock Amarilladesma mactroides (Reeve, 1854)
Figure 4. Histological sections of the tissues of yellow clam (Amarilladesma mactroides) sampled at the beginning and at the end of trial II (a, b) and trial III (c, d): (a) gonad of female clam with residual and immature oocytes in stage 6 (totally spawned) at the beginning of trial II; and (b) gonad of female clam in stage 5 (partially spawned) at the end of trial II, where it is possible to distinguish immature peduncular oocytes attached to the wall (IO), some free mature polygonal oocytes (MPO) and residual oocytes (RO); (c) gonad of female clam in stage 3 with immature (IO) and mature polygonal oocytes (MPO); (d) gonad of female clam stage 4, where several mature polygonal oocytes (MPO) may be observed.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.