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39 results for “male density”
Fig. 4 in Effect of Group Density on the Physiology and Aggressive Behavior of Male Brandt's Voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii)
Fig. 4. Relative mRNA expression levels of TPH2 (A), 5HT1A (B) and 5HT1B (C) in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), amygdala (AMY), and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) in the three-voles and the five-voles group. Error bars indicate standard error. Same letters connect bars with no significant differences at P <0.05 (n = 6).
Fig. 1 in Effect of Group Density on the Physiology and Aggressive Behavior of Male Brandt's Voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii)
Fig. 1. Body weight (A), and relative weight of testis (B), epididymis (C), and spleen (D) of male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) in the three-voles and the five-voles groups. Error bars indicate standard error. *indicates significant differences at P <0.05 and ***indicates significant differences at P <0.001 between two groups (n = 6). Note: Relative weight of testis, epididymis, and spleen was calculated as paired testes, paired epididymis, and spleen weights (g), respectively, divided by body weight (g).
Age at first reproduction in wolves: different patterns of density dependence for females and males
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Data from: Allocation to male vs. female floral function varies by currency and responds differentially to density and moisture stress
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Data from: Sperm competition and the evolution of precopulatory weapons: Increasing male density promotes sperm competition and reduces selection on arm strength in a chorusing frog
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Male reproductive tactics in house mice: consistent individual differences, intrinsic factors and density effects
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Termite males enhance mating encounters by changing speed according to density
<ol> <li><span>Search theory predicts that animals evolve efficient movement patterns to enhance encounter rates with specific targets. The optimal movements vary with the surrounding environments, which may explain the observation that animals often switch their movement patterns depending on conditions. However, the effectiveness of behavioral change during search is rarely evaluated because it is difficult to examine the actual encounter dynamics.</span></li> <li><span>Here we studied how partner-seeking termites update their search strategies depending on the local densities of potential mates. After a dispersal flight, termites drop their wings and walk to search for a mate; when a female and a male meet, they form a female-led tandem pair and search for a favorable nesting site. If a pair is separated, they have two search options: reunite with their stray partner, or seek a new partner. We hypothesized that the density of individuals affects separation-reunion dynamics and thus the optimal search strategy.</span></li> <li><span>We observed the searching process across different densities and found that termite pairs were often separated but obtained a new partner quickly at high mate density. After separation, while females consistently slowed down, males increased their speed according to the density. Under high mate density, separated males obtained a partner earlier than females, who do not change movement with density.</span></li> <li><span>Our data-based simulations confirmed that the observed behavioral change by males contributes to enhancing encounters. Males at very low mate densities did best to move slowly and thereby reduce the risk of missing their stray partner, who is the only available mate. On the other hand, males that experienced high mate densities did better in mating encounters by moving fast because the risk of isolation is low, and they must compete with other males to find a partner.</span></li> <li><span>These results demonstrate that termite males adaptively update their search strategy depending on conditions. Understanding the encounter dynamics experienced by animals is key to connecting empirical work to the idealized search processes of theoretical studies. </span></li> </ol>
Density-dependent individual variation in male attractiveness in a wild field cricket
<p>Social environments modify a male's ability to attract females and thus affect its fitness. Theory implies that an individual's fitness should trade-off with its ability to cope with competition. Individuals are expected to solve this trade-off differently: some males should be more attractive at low but others instead at high density. This prediction has rarely been tested in the wild. We used an automated RFID-surveillance system to quantify for each hour of the day, over 30 days (i.e. almost the entire adult lifespan of our model organism), whether a male had attracted a female in its burrow. The data were collected across a range of naturally varying local densities in wild field crickets, <i>G.campestris</i>. We also estimated whether the shape of the relationship between attractiveness and density was under selection. At the population level, attractiveness increased from low to intermediate density, suggesting an Allee effect. Attractiveness subsequently declined at higher densities, for example, because of detrimental effects of increased competition. Opposite to expectations, males that were more attractive under low densities were also more attractive under higher densities. However, the increase in attractiveness with density varied among males, suggesting that Allee effects were individual-specific. Finally, selection was not acting on density-dependent attractiveness but males that lived longer acquired more mating partners. Our study reveals that social environments shape attractiveness in wild male insects, and imply the occurrence of individual-specific Allee effect that may be evolvable.</p>
Data from: High male density favors maintenance over reproduction in a butterfly
Environmental factors exert strong effects on phenotypic expression. A particularly intriguing factor capable of inducing such plastic responses is the social environment experienced by a specific individual. Such social effects may alter the fitness of focal individuals if they affect the expression of reproductive traits and thus life-history strategies. To examine this question, we investigated the effects of individual density on morphology, reproduction, and behavior of male Bicyclus anynana butterflies. Increasing density significantly increased male body mass and the probability to succeed in aggressive interactions, and tended to increase abdomen fat content. At the same time, increasing density significantly decreased courtship activity and tended to decrease sperm number. These results suggest that individual density seemed to induce differential strategic investment into survival and somatic maintenance versus reproduction in male butterflies. Males kept at high densities apparently favored high body mass and storage, which may enable longer survival during times of intense intra-specific competition. Moreover, their competitiveness was enhanced as suggested by a higher success in aggressive interactions. Males kept at low density, in contrast, favored reproduction through increased courtship activity and sperm production. Our study illustrates that the effects of density on the expression of morphological and behavioral traits are complex and difficult to predict, owing to resource-allocation trade-offs resulting in prudent strategic investment.
Data from: Sexual conflict and ecology: species composition and male density interact to reduce male mating harassment and increase female survival
Sexual conflict is a pervasive evolutionary force that can reduce female fitness. Experimental evolution studies in the laboratory might overestimate the importance of sexual conflict since the ecological conditions in such settings typically include only a single species. Here, we experimentally manipulated conspecific male density (high or low) and species composition (sympatric or allopatric) to investigate how ecological conditions affect female survival in a sexually dimorphic insect, the banded demoiselle (Calopteryx splendens). Female survival was strongly influenced by an interaction between male density and species composition. Specifically, at low conspecific male density, female survival increased in the presence of heterospecific males (C. virgo). Behavioural mating experiments showed that interspecific interference competition reduced conspecific male mating success with large females. These findings suggest that reproductive interference competition between con- and heterospecific males might indirectly facilitate female survival by reducing mating harassment from conspecific males. Hence, interspecific competitors can show contrasting effects on the two sexes thereby influencing sexual conflict dynamics. Our results call for incorporation of more ecological realism in sexual conflict research, particularly how local community context and reproductive interference competition between heterospecific males can affect female fitness.
Termite males enhance mating encounters by changing speed according to density
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Data from: High male density favors maintenance over reproduction in a butterfly
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Density-dependent individual variation in male attractiveness in a wild field cricket
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Data from: Sexual conflict and ecology: species composition and male density interact to reduce male mating harassment and increase female survival
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Data from: Anticipatory flexibility: larval population density in moths determines male investment in antennae, wings and testes
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Bone Density and Serum Testosterone in Male Methadone Maintained Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00170339. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Vitamin D Status in Males in Jerusalem Area and Its Correlation to Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Level and Bone Mineral Density
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01025128. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
FIGURE 38. Male sterna, S5 setae density and S6 in Revision of the bee group Anthophora (Micranthophora) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with notes on potential conservation concerns and a molecular phylogeny of the genus
FIGURE 38. Male sterna, S5 setae density and S6 rim form. Scale=0.5 mm. A) S5 with sparse setae; S6 medially emarginate, at least vaguely triangularly, evenly so (A. estebana, 72476). B) S5 setae density high, appearing tufted; S6 medially emarginate, at least vaguely triangularly, but at least slightly filled medially, sometimes tufted (A. maculifrons, 82068). C) S5 with sparse setae; S6 entire or nearly so, with transparent square of integument (A. petrophila, BBSL655748). D) S5 setae density high; S6 entire, medially knobbed (A. flavocincta, BBSL504065).
Effects of Niaspan™ on High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) in Healthy Male Subjects (0000-069)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01071291. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.