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229 results for “meiosis”
Data from: Varietal variation and chromosome behaviour during meiosis in Solanum tuberosum
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Aurora kinase A is essential for meiosis in mouse oocytes
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Evidence from automixis with inverted meiosis for the maintenance of sex by loss of complementation
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Nucleotide alignments of eight meiosis genes under extreme selection following whole genome duplication in Arabidopsis lyrata/A.arenosa.
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Data from: The kinetochore prevents centromere-proximal crossover recombination during meiosis
During meiosis, crossover recombination is essential to link homologous chromosomes and drive 22 faithful chromosome segregation. Crossover recombination is non-random across the genome, 23 and centromere-proximal crossovers are associated with an increased risk of aneuploidy, 24 including Trisomy 21 in humans. Here, we identify the conserved Ctf19/CCAN kinetochore sub- 25 complex as a major factor that minimizes potentially deleterious centromere-proximal crossovers 26 in budding yeast. We uncover multi-layered suppression of pericentromeric recombination by the 27 Ctf19 complex, operating across distinct chromosomal distances. The Ctf19 complex prevents 28 meiotic DNA break formation, the initiating event of recombination, proximal to the centromere. 29 The Ctf19 complex independently drives the enrichment of cohesin throughout the broader 30 pericentromere to suppress crossovers, but not DNA breaks. This non-canonical role of the 31 kinetochore in defining a chromosome domain that is refractory to crossovers adds a new layer 32 of functionality by which the kinetochore prevents the incidence of chromosome segregation 33 errors that generate aneuploid gametes.
Data from: Down-regulation of Rad51 activity during meiosis in yeast prevents competition with Dmc1 for repair of double-strand breaks
Interhomolog recombination plays a critical role in promoting proper meiotic chromosome segregation but a mechanistic understanding of this process is far from complete. In vegetative cells, Rad51 is a highly conserved recombinase that exhibits a preference for repairing double strand breaks (DSBs) using sister chromatids, in contrast to the conserved, meiosis-specific recombinase, Dmc1, which preferentially repairs programmed DSBs using homologs. Despite the different preferences for repair templates, both Rad51 and Dmc1 are required for interhomolog recombination during meiosis. This paradox has recently been explained by the finding that Rad51 protein, but not its strand exchange activity, promotes Dmc1 function in budding yeast. Rad51 activity is inhibited in dmc1Δ mutants, where the failure to repair meiotic DSBs triggers the meiotic recombination checkpoint, resulting in prophase arrest. The question remains whether inhibition of Rad51 activity is important during wild-type meiosis, or whether inactivation of Rad51 occurs only as a result of the absence of DMC1 or checkpoint activation. This work shows that strains in which mechanisms that down-regulate Rad51 activity are removed exhibit reduced numbers of interhomolog crossovers and noncrossovers. A hypomorphic mutant, dmc1-T159A, makes less stable presynaptic filaments but is still able to mediate strand exchange and interact with accessory factors. Combining dmc1-T159A with up-regulated Rad51 activity reduces interhomolog recombination and spore viability, while increasing intersister joint molecule formation. These results support the idea that down-regulation of Rad51 activity is important during meiosis to prevent Rad51 from competing with Dmc1 for repair of meiotic DSBs.
Figure 8 from: Grozeva S, Simov N, Langourov M, Dalakchieva S (2013) Sex chromosome pre-reduction in male meiosis of Lethocerus patruelis (Stål, 1854) (Heteroptera, Belostomatidae) with some notes on the distribution of the species. ZooKeys 319: 119-135. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.319.4384
Figure 8 - Distribution of Lethocerus patruelis (Stål, 1854) on Balkan Peninsula: ● published records; ♦ new records with data of breeding; ✹ new records of specimens attracted to light.
Figure 1 from: Grozeva S, Simov N, Langourov M, Dalakchieva S (2013) Sex chromosome pre-reduction in male meiosis of Lethocerus patruelis (Stål, 1854) (Heteroptera, Belostomatidae) with some notes on the distribution of the species. ZooKeys 319: 119-135. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.319.4384
Figure 1 - Internal male reproductive system: t testis; v d vas deferens; v s vesicula seminalis d e ductus ejaculatorius.
Figure 2-7 from: Grozeva S, Simov N, Langourov M, Dalakchieva S (2013) Sex chromosome pre-reduction in male meiosis of Lethocerus patruelis (Stål, 1854) (Heteroptera, Belostomatidae) with some notes on the distribution of the species. ZooKeys 319: 119-135. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.319.4384
Figure 2-7 - 2 Spermatogonial metaphases: two of larger chromosomes, X and Y, each show a subtelomeric unstained gap, representing the nucleolus organizing region (NOR) (arrow head) (routine staining) 3 Meiotic prophase:sex chromosomes are visible as a large, positively heteropycnotic and brightly fluorescent body (CMA3 staining) 4 Metaphase I (n = 13) (routine staining) 5 Metaphase I: GC-rich NORs located on both X and Y chromosomes (CMA3 staining) 6 After the first meiotic division all the chromosomes segregate to opposite poles (6a) resulting in two daughter MII cells (6b) with 13 elements each, 11A + m + X and 11A + m + Y, respectively (routine staining) 7 Metaphase I: DAPI staining did not reveal any differentiation along the length of the chromosomes. Bar = 10μm.
Figures 1-7 from: Stoianova D, Grozeva S, Simov N, Kuznetsova V (2015) Achiasmate male meiosis in two Cymatia species (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Corixidae). In: Lukhtanov VA, Kuznetsova VG, Grozeva S, Golub NV (Eds) Genetic and cytogenetic structure of biological diversity in insects. ZooKeys 538: 95-104. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.538.6722
Figures 1-7 - Male meiosis in Cymatia species. 1–3 Cymatia rogenhoferi: a–c early condensation stages 2 MI from the pole. The bivalents (consisting of two side-by-side aligned chromosomes facing the opposite poles) and three univalent sex chromosomes (two X and one Y) form a ring, with a pair of very small and negatively heteropycnotic m-chromosomes in its centre 3 MII. The autosomes and m-chromosome form a ring, with pseudo-trivalent of the sex chromosomes in its centre 4–7 Cymatia coleoptrata: a, b early condensation stages 5 MI from the pole. The bivalents (consisting of two side-by-side aligned chromosomes) and two univalent sex chromosomes (X and Y) form a ring, with a pair of very small and negatively heteropycnotic m-chromosomes in its centre 6 MI from the equator.The homologous autosomes can be seen lying parallel 7 late MI and AI plates. Scale bar = 10 µm.
Squash preparations and living cells showing chromosome arrangement in mitosis, meiosis I, and meiosis II in green lacewing (Chrysoperla rufilabris) males
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Data from: The kinetochore prevents centromere-proximal crossover recombination during meiosis
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Data from: Down-regulation of Rad51 activity during meiosis in yeast prevents competition with Dmc1 for repair of double-strand breaks
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Data from: Mek1 down regulates Rad51 activity during yeast meiosis by phosphorylation of Hed1
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rahu is a mutant allele of Dnmt3c, encoding a DNA methyltransferase homolog required for meiosis and transposon repression in the mouse male germline
GEO Series GSE100960. Mus musculus. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Methylation profiling by high throughput sequencing.
BMPR1A-mediated BMP signalling ensures correct mitosis-to-meiosis transition in mouse fetal ovarian germ cells, in vivo
GEO Series GSE268565. Mus musculus. 8 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
RNA polymerase II pausing is essential during spermatogenesis for appropriate gene expression and completion of meiosis
GEO Series GSE228454. Mus musculus. 27 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Other.
Heat stress during male meiosis impairs cytoskeletal organization, spindle assembly and tapetum degeneration in wheat
GEO Series GSE244819. Triticum aestivum. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Attenuated chromatin compartmentalization in meiosis and its maturation in sperm development
GEO Series GSE119805. Mus musculus. 5 samples. Type: Other; Third-party reanalysis.
Progression of spermatogonial differentiation in the mouse: the pathway to meiosis
GEO Series GSE155307. Mus musculus. 28 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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