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43 results for “mesowear”
Dental mesowear and microwear raw data for Cervus elaphus, Rupicapra pyrenaica and Sus scrofa from Balma del Gai; and the ANOVA - test for equal means
<p>Quantitative data for the dental microwear and mesowear analyses on <em>Cervus elaphus</em>, <em>Rupicapra pyrenaica </em>and <em>Sus scrofa</em> from the Epipalaeolithic sequence of Balma del Gai (Moià, Spain). And the ANOVA - Test for equal means.</p>
Data from: Dietary adaptations and paleoecology of Lophialetidae (Mammalia: Tapiroidea) from the Eocene of the Erlian Basin, China: Combined evidence from mesowear and stable isotope analyses
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Tooth microwear and mesowear raw data of the equids and bovids specimens from Lunel-Viel (Middle Pleistocene, France) and Tour-du-Valat research institute (Extend ungulates, France).
<p>Tooth microwear and mesowear raw data of the equids and bovids specimens from Lunel-Viel (Middle Pleistocene, France) and Tour-du-Valat research institute (Extend ungulates, France).</p>
Data from: A combined mesowear analysis of Mexican Bison antiquus shows a generalist diet with geographical variation
Bison antiquus was one of the largest and most widely distributed megafaunal species during the Late Pleistocene in North America, giving rise to the modern plains bison in the middle Holocene. Despite the importance of the ancient bison, little is known about its feeding ecology. We employed a combination of extended mesowear, and mesowear III to infer the diet preference and habitat use of three Mexican samples of B. antiquus. Two northern samples from the Transmexican Volcanic Belt morphotectonic Province: La Piedad-Santa Ana and La Cinta-Portalitos, as well as one southern sample from the Sierra Madre del Sur morphotectonic province: Viko Vijin. We found that the northern Mexican samples were primarily non-strict grazers, while the southern sample displays a pattern consistent with mixer feeder habits. This suggests variability among the diets of these bison samples, caused by different paleoenvironments. This evidence complements the paleoenvironmental reconstructions in the studied localities; for the northern samples, open prairies composed of patches of woodland or shrubland and for the southern locality a fluvial floodplain with short-lived vegetation. In both scenarios, grasses (Poaceae) were non-dominant. The dietary habits of our samples of ancient bison in Mexico are the southernmost dietary inference for the species in North America and expand our knowledge of the dietary habits of Bison antiquus during the late Pleistocene.
Data from: Microwear-mesowear congruence and mortality bias in rhinoceros mass death assemblages
Although we do not know the cause of death of most fossils, mortality is often associated with ecological stress due to seasonality and other stochastic events (storms, volcanism) that may have caused shifts in feeding ecology preceding death. In these instances, dental microwear, which reflects feeding ecology in a narrow window of time, may provide a biased view of diet. Mesowear, another dental wear proxy based on the morphology of worn cusps, requires macroscopic amounts of dental wear and reflects diet for a longer interval and may be less prone to bias from near-death ecological stress. We compared congruence between microwear and mesowear of North American fossil rhinocerotid mass death assemblages and hunted collections of modern rhinocerotids to test the hypothesis that fossil assemblages yield more incongruous microwear and mesowear results as a result of near-death ecological disturbances. In extant rhinos, both microwear and mesowear are associated with diet and height of the feeding environment. Mesowear and microwear in the modern rhinocerotid collections are statistically correlated with strong relationships between average mesowear scores and labially distributed dental microwear. In contrast, a statistical relationship between mesowear and microwear was not observed among the fossil rhinocerotid assemblages. Mesowear suggests the fossil rhinos had low abrasion diets, suggesting they fed from clean, possibly tall vegetation. Some, but not all mass death assemblages produce microwear data with excessive scratches and/or pits compared to expectations based on mesowear results, suggesting that dental microwear was altered shortly before death in some but not all of the fossil assemblages. The dental wear proxies available to paleoecologists provide a mosaic of dietary evidence reflecting diet over long (mesowear) and more abbreviated (microwear) periods of time that, together, provide a richer understanding of feeding ecology and its relationship to environment, seasonal change, and other ecological disturbances.
Dental raw mesowear and microwear data for Equus ferus and Cervus elaphus from Abreda Cave (levels D-I) and Bora Gran (Spain)
<div> </div> <div>Raw data from the low-magnification analysis (x35) of dental microwear and mesowear analysis of <em>Equus ferus</em> and <em>Cervus elaphus</em> from the Late Pleistocene levels from Abreda Cave (levels D-I) and Bora Gran (Spain).</div>
Dental raw mesowear and microwear data for Equus ferus arcelini from Roc-aux-Sorciers (France)
<p>Raw data from the low-magnification analysis (x35) of dental microwear and mesowear analysis of <em>Equus ferus arcelini</em> from the Magdalenian levels from Roc-aux-Sorciers (France).</p>
Unpublished raw data of dental mesowear and microwear for ungulates from Late Palaeolithic sites from Catalonia (Spain)
<p>Unpublished raw data from the low-magnification analysis (x35) of dental microwear and mesowear of ungulates from the Late Palaeolithic sites in Catalonia: Molí del Salt, Roca dels Bous, Cova del Parco and Montlleó</p>
Data from: A combined mesowear analysis of Mexican Bison antiquus shows a generalist diet with geographical variation
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Data from: Microwear-mesowear congruence and mortality bias in rhinoceros mass death assemblages
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Data from: Controlled feeding experiments with diets of different abrasiveness reveal slow development of mesowear signal in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus)
Dental mesowear is applied as a proxy to determine the general diet of mammalian herbivores based on tooth-cusp shape and occlusal relief. Low, blunt cusps are considered typical for grazers and high, sharp cusps typical for browsers. However, how internal or external abrasives impact mesowear, and the time frame the wear signature takes to develop, still need to be explored. Four different pelleted diets of increasing abrasiveness (lucerne, grass, grass and rice husks, grass, rice husks and sand) were fed to four groups of a total of 28 adult goats in a controlled feeding experiment over a six-month period. Tooth morphology was captured by medical CT scans at the beginning and end of the experiment. These scans, as well as the crania obtained postmortem, were scored using the mesowear method. Comparisons between diet groups only showed few significant differences after six months, irrespective of whether CT scans or the real teeth were scored. Only when assessing the difference in signal between start and end did relevant, significant diet-specific effects emerge. Diets containing lower phytolith content caused a more pronounced change in mesowear towards sharper cusps/higher reliefs, while the feed containing sand did not result in more extreme changes in mesowear when compared to the same feed without sand. Our experiment suggests that the formation of a stable and hence reliable mesowear signal requires more time to develop than six months.
FIGURE 9 in Paleoecology of the Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Béon 1, Montréal-du-Gers (late early Miocene, SW France): Insights from dental microwear texture analysis, mesowear, and enamel hypoplasia
FIGURE 9. Prevalence of hypoplasia (all types) by species and tooth locus. A- Number of hypoplastic teeth (dark colors) compared to the number of healthy teeth (light colors). B- Frequency of hypoplastic teeth (dark colors) and healthy teeth (light colors). White stands for non-documented loci.
FIGURE 4 in Paleoecology of the Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Béon 1, Montréal-du-Gers (late early Miocene, SW France): Insights from dental microwear texture analysis, mesowear, and enamel hypoplasia
FIGURE 4. The three different types of hypoplasia considered in this study and the associated measurements. A- Lingual view of right M2 of the specimen MHNT.PAL.2004.0.58 (H. beonense) displaying three types of hypoplasia. B- Interpretative drawing of the photo in A illustrating the hypoplastic defects: a- pitted hypoplasia, b- linear enamel hypoplasia, and c- aplasia. C- Interpretative drawing of the photo in A illustrating the measurements: 1- distance between the base of the defect and the enamel-dentin junction, 2- width of the defect (when applicable).
FIGURE 3 in Paleoecology of the Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Béon 1, Montréal-du-Gers (late early Miocene, SW France): Insights from dental microwear texture analysis, mesowear, and enamel hypoplasia
FIGURE 3. Principle of mesowear scoring with the main variables illustrated (occlusal relief and cusp shape) and examples on rhinocerotid teeth. A- Typically two parameters are studied in mesowear: cusp shape and occlusal relief. Cusp shape can be sharp, round or blunt, while occlusal relief is whether high or low. Illustration on the upper right M1 of the specimen MHNT.PAL.2004.0.58 (H. beonense). Examples of mesowear scores using the three methods tested in this study (ScoreA, ScoreB, Ruler) are provided on the paracone of the following specimens: B- Right D4 of MHNT.PAL.2015.0.1204 (G2 685; Pl. mirallesi), C- Left M1 and M2 MHNT.PAL.2015.0.277 (Pr. douvillei), D- Left D4 of MHNT.PAL.2015.0.1204 (Béon F2 193; Pl. mirallesi), E- Left D3 and D4 of MHNT.PAL.2015.0.2796 (Pr. douvillei). ScoreA: mesowear score based on Winkler and Kaiser (2011); B- ScoreB: mesowear score adapted from Fortelius and Solounias (2000); C- Ruler: mesowear score based on Mihlbachler et al. (2011).
FIGURE 6 in Paleoecology of the Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Béon 1, Montréal-du-Gers (late early Miocene, SW France): Insights from dental microwear texture analysis, mesowear, and enamel hypoplasia
FIGURE 6. Comparison of hand- and sand-prepared DMTA surfaces (200x200 µm) by species. Topography and black and white photosimulation of the following specimens: B. brachypus – hand-prepared MHNT.PAL.2015.0.1262 right m3 (protoconid, shearing facet) and sand-prepared MHNT.PAL.2015.0.2830 left m2 (hypoconid, shearing facet); Pr. douvillei – hand prepared MHNT.PAL.2015.0.1228 left m3 (protoconid, grinding facet) and sand-prepared MHNT.PAL.2015.0.2758 left m2 ptc (protoconid, grinding facet); Pl. mirallesi – hand-prepared MHNT.PAL.2015.0.1196 left m2 ptc (protoconid, shearing facet) and sand-prepared MHNT.PAL.2015.0.2794 (2002 E2 30) left m1 (hypoconid, shearing facet); H. beonense – hand-prepared MHNT.PAL.2015.0.1140 left m1 (hypoconid, grinding facet) and sand-prepared MHNT.PAL.2015.0. 1136.1 right M3 (protocone, grinding facet).
FIGURE 2 in Paleoecology of the Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Béon 1, Montréal-du-Gers (late early Miocene, SW France): Insights from dental microwear texture analysis, mesowear, and enamel hypoplasia
FIGURE 2. Localization of the microwear facets on rhinocerotid molars. Position of the two microwear facets (grinding and shearing) on the second upper molar (left) and second lower molar (right). Both facets are sampled on the same enamel band with (grinding) or without (shearing) Hunter-Schreger bands (HSB). Modified after Hullot et al. (2019).
FIGURE 2 in Mesowear Analysis of the Tapirus polkensis population from the Gray Fossil Site, Tennessee, USA
FIGURE 2. Tapirus polkensis dentary specimens from the Gray Fossil Site, representing examples of individuals within eruption series 2 through eruption series 7 in lateral view. ETMNH 605, 1. ETMNH 3694, 2. ETMNH 7899, 3. ETMNH 20488, 4. ETMNH 10383, 5. ETMNH 3519, 6. Scale bar equals 1 cm.
FIGURE 1 in Mesowear Analysis of the Tapirus polkensis population from the Gray Fossil Site, Tennessee, USA
FIGURE 1. Measurements taken of the m1 used in this study. m1L (total molar length, taken from anterior to posterior cingulum), m1H (molar height, from the enamel/dentine junction to tip of the protoconid), m1CA (cusp angle, from anterior cingulum to tip of protoconid to the labial cingulum posterior to the protoconid).
FIGURE 4 in Mesowear Analysis of the Tapirus polkensis population from the Gray Fossil Site, Tennessee, USA
FIGURE 4. Box plot of cusp angles (in degrees) of the m1 protoconid for each eruption series of Tapirus polkensis from the Gray Fossil Site. Bars represent mean values, boxes represent interquartile ranges, and whiskers represent maximum and minimum values.
FIG. 3 in Extending the tooth mesowear method to extinct and extant equids
FIG. 3. — Geographic situation of the Vallesian (MN9) fossil localities of the Dinotheriensande (black signatures). The localities of Eppelsheim (Ep), Esselborn (Es) and Westhofen (We) are highlighted (after Franzen 1997 and Kaiser et al. in press).
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