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Data from: Satellite-based Lagrangian model reveals how upwelling and oceanic circulation shape krill hotspots in the California Current System [updated]
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>In the California Current System, wind-driven nutrient supply and primary production, computed from satellite data, provide a synoptic view of how phytoplankton production is coupled to upwelling. In contrast, linking upwelling to zooplankton populations is difficult due to relatively scarce observations and the inherent patchiness of zooplankton. While phytoplankton respond quickly to environmental forcing, zooplankton grow slower and tend to aggregate into mesoscale “hotspot” regions spatially decoupled from upwelling centers. To better understand mechanisms controlling the formation of zooplankton hotspots, we use a satellite-based Lagrangian method where variables from a plankton model, forced by wind-driven nutrient supply, are advected by near-surface currents following upwelling events. Modeled zooplankton distribution reproduces published accounts of euphausiid (krill) hotspots, including the location of major hotspots and their interannual variability. This satellite-based modeling tool is used to analyze the variability and drivers of krill hotspots in the California Current System, and to investigate how water masses of different origin and history converge to form predictable biological hotspots. The Lagrangian framework suggests that two conditions are necessary for a hotspot to form: a convergence of coastal water masses, and above average nutrient supply where these water masses originated from. The results highlight the role of upwelling, oceanic circulation, and plankton temporal dynamics in shaping krill mesoscale distribution, seasonal northward propagation, and interannual variability.</p> <p><strong>Data set description</strong></p> <p>This data set includes 2 files:</p> <ul> <li>a satellite-based 1993-2023 monthly retrospective of krill concentrations (Zbig) modeled using the growth-advection method in the California Current upwelling system. Inputs include the nitrate supply product described below and GlobCurrent 15 m oceanic currents. This dataset is updated monthly (using NRT data) at https://www.mbari.org/science/upper-ocean-systems/biological-oceanography/krill-hotspots-in-the-california-current/.</li> <li>a satellite-based 1993-2023 monthly retrospective of wind-driven nitrate supply estimated in a 150 km coastal band at 0.125° latitudinal resolution. Nitrate supply was calculated based primarily on CCMP v3.1 winds, AVISO geostrophic currents, and a climatology of in situ nitrate at 60m. This dataset is updated monthly (using NRT data) at https://www.mbari.org/science/upper-ocean-systems/biological-oceanography/nitrate-supply-estimates-in-upwelling-systems/.</li> </ul> <p>See details regarding data sources and calculations in <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.835813">Messié et al. (2022)</a>.</p> <p>[IMPORTANT NOTE:] There is an error in the Ekman pumping fields (trans_pump, Nsupply_pump, Nsupply_total) that will be corrected soon (those fields are not used in publications where only coastal transport was considered). Please contact me if you need Ekman pumping fields before this is fixed.</p>
Daily runoff and nutrient loads for the North Sea and the Baltic Sea based on modelling and observations for the period 1961 to 2019 and adapted to NEMO-SCOBI
<p>This dataset consists of daily values of runoff and reconstructed nutrient loads for the period 1961 to 2019 for the North Sea-Baltic Sea system. Both runoff and nutrient loads were obtained from a model simulation performed with the European application of the Hydrological Predictions for the Environment model v.3.1.8 (E-HYPE). This dataset includes a more realistic number of river outlets than those from observational-based datasets, as not all rivers are monitored, and captures well the interannual variability of all parameters. However, the E-HYPE v.3.1.8 was calibrated to represent 2010 and thus cannot simulate all historical changes related to land management (i.e., the increase of fertilizers in the 1960s). Consequently, the observed rise of nutrients from land due to increased fertilizers and the consequent reduction due to nutrient regulation policy in the 1980s is not captured in the outputs from E-HYPE directly. In the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, this is of primary importance for management policy in eutrophication and deoxygenation. Therefore, we have adapted the E-HYPE nutrient loads based on yearly estimates of historical loads that use riverine concentrations, so that the high tempo-spacial resolution is kept, but with a decadal variability that is closer to reality. This dataset is mainly intended as river forcing for biogeochemical-ocean models (i.e. NEMO-SCOBI), but can also provide information on rivers that are not included in monitoring programs. Information on the dataset and the methods used to create it is given as a downloadable PDF file (E-HYPE DecVar documentation.pdf) together with two datasets and the mesh grid file (area_NEMO-Nordic.nc). The datasets are yearly netCDF files one containing daily runoff and nutrient loads for phosphate, nitrate, ammonium, organic nitrogen and organic phosphorus (zip_ehypeDecVar.zip) and the other one provides monthly silica loads (zip_silica.zip). </p>
Bayesian analysis of the equation of state of quantum chromodynamics from a holographic model
<p>Prior and posterior samples obtained from a Bayesian analysis of the equation of state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) within a holographic Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton model, constrained by state-of-the art lattice QCD results at a vanishing net density of baryons.</p> <p>Samples contain metadata, model parameters, and model predictions for the location of the QCD critical point.</p> <p>Supplement to <a title="Bayesian location of the QCD critical point from a holographic perspective" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.00579">arXiv:2309.00579</a>.</p>
Hydrodynamic Model Output Used to Evaluate Chinook Salmon Movements and Distribution in the South Delta
This data release includes the output variables extracted from the UnTRIM Bay-Delta hydrodynamic model (hydrodynamic model) for use in evaluating the effects of hydrodynamics on the behavior of acoustically-tagged juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Work was funded by State Water Contractors (SWC) and completed by Anchor QEA; FlowWest, LLC; and University of Washington under a SWC 2023 Science Plan grant (study name Evaluation of the Influence of State Water Project and Central Valley Project on Chinook Salmon Movements and Distribution in the South Delta), contracted by SWC. Not all the hydrodynamic model output variables in the output provided with this memorandum were used in the final fish models used to analyze Chinook Salmon responses. Model output for additional variables and locations were included for completeness and to make these output files more broadly useful to researchers interested in other locations or variables in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Hydrodynamic model simulations were conducted for 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017, with hydrodynamic model output variables provided at mostly the same locations for each period simulated. The years 2011 through 2016 were simulated previously for a prior project and model output provided through the Environmental Data Initiative (edi.1124.1). Files for these years were recreated from the prior simulations for this project to add an output location. Additional locations were added to the 2010 and 2017 simulations for the 2010 and 2017 hydrophone arrays, and thus 2010 and 2017 include additional model output, relative to 2011 through 2016. The model simulation for each year spanned the full period of Chinook Salmon detections in the telemetry data collected during that year.
Bridging data silos to holistically model plant macrophenology data, Contiguous United States, 2013-2021
Phenological responses to climate change can have dire implications for ecosystem functions. Despite the availability of diverse datasets (e.g., herbarium specimens, community science initiatives, observatory networks, and remote sensing), holistic modeling of plant events across scales remains limited due to fragmented data and disciplinary silos. This is an important topic that has been overdue for attention. Here we use two different plant phenological datasets, herbarium and USA-NPN (includes NEON), to look at the overall flowering period of Acer rubrum between 2013-2021, distributed across the Contiguous United States. We harmonize the data to demonstrate its use to leverage the spatial and biological organizational scales at which these data are captured. Both datasets include phenophase status (presence or absence) across the flowering season (day of year). These harmonized data exemplify their usefulness to holistically model plant phenology using an integrated species distribution model framework, while accounting for the heterogeneity across data types (presence-only, presence-absence). These data can be used to explore general questions about intraspecific synchrony of Acer rubrum flowering phenology across populations, or questions with coarser scales of interest (e.g., community level, global scales).
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Tussock tundra recovery after a thermal erosion event
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 100 years of tussock tundra recovery after a thermal erosion event. Data is presented for day 250 of each year.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Tussock tundra recovery after a thermal erosion event: saturating nutrients.
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 100 years of tussock tundra recovery after a thermal erosion event. This simulation is of TEF recovery under saturating nutrient conditions. Data is presented for day 250 of each year.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Tussock tundra regrowth after a thermal erosion event: Simulation A - increased Phase II soil organic matter
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 100 years of tussock tundra recovery after a thermal erosion event. This simulation is of TEF recovery with increased Phase II soil organic matter compared to the base simulation. Data is presented for day 250 of each year.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. A 100 yr old thermal erosion event under control conditions.
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for a 100yr old TEF response to N fertilization over 25 years.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Tussock tundra regrowth after a thermal erosion event: Simulation J - doubled Phase II decomposition
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 100 years of tussock tundra recovery after a thermal erosion event. This simulation is of TEF recovery with doubled Phase II soil organic matter decomposition compared to the base simulation. Data is presented for day 250 of each year.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Tussock tundra regrowth after a thermal erosion event: Simulation C - increased Phase I and Phase II soil organic matter
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 100 years of tussock tundra recovery after a thermal erosion event. This simulation is of TEF recovery with increased Phase I and Phase II soil organic matter compared to the base simulation. Data is presented for day 250 of each year.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Tussock tundra regrowth after a thermal erosion event: Simulation D - reduced Phase I and Phase II soil organic matter
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 100 years of tussock tundra recovery after a thermal erosion event. This simulation is of TEF recovery with reduced Phase I and Phase II soil organic matter compared to the base simulation. Data is presented for day 250 of each year. .
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Tussock tundra regrowth after a thermal erosion event: Simulation B - increased Phase I soil organic matter
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 100 years of tussock tundra recovery after a thermal erosion event. This simulation is of TEF recovery with increased Phase I soil organic matter compared to the base simulation. Data is presented for day 250 of each year.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Tussock tundra regrowth after a thermal erosion event: Simulation F - increased N deposition
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 100 years of tussock tundra recovery after a thermal erosion event. This simulation is of TEF recovery with increased N deposition compared to the base simulation. Data is presented for day 250 of each year.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Tussock tundra regrowth after a thermal erosion event: Simulation E - reduced Phase I soil organic matter
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 100 years of tussock tundra recovery after a thermal erosion event. This simulation is of TEF recovery with decreasing Phase I soil organic matter compared to the base simulation. Data is presented for day 250 of each year.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Tussock tundra regrowth after a thermal erosion event: Simulation I - doubled Phase I decomposition
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 100 years of tussock tundra recovery after a thermal erosion event. This simulation is of TEF recovery with doubled Phase I soil organic matter decomposition compared to the base simulation. Data is presented for day 250 of each year.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Tussock tundra regrowth after a thermal erosion event: Simulation H - increased N and P deposition
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 100 years of tussock tundra recovery after a thermal erosion event. This simulation is of TEF recovery with increased N and P deposition compared to the base simulation. Data is presented for day 250 of each year.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Tussock tundra regrowth after a thermal erosion event: Simulation G - increased P deposition
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 100 years of tussock tundra recovery after a thermal erosion event. This simulation is of TEF recovery with increased P deposition compared to the base simulation. Data is presented for day 250 of each year.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. A 100 yr old thermal erosion event response to P fertilization.
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for a 100yr old TEF response to P fertilization over 25 years.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. A 100 yr old thermal erosion event response to NP fertilization.
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for a 100yr old TEF response to N and P fertilization over 25 years.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.