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107 results for “multiplicity of infection”
Effect of Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation on Growth, Morbidity, and Mortality of HIV Infected Children in Uganda
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00122941. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 10.
A Study to Learn About the Effects of Multiple Doses of Sisunatovir on People With Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03258502. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Seminal fluid of honeybees contains multiple mechanisms to combat infections of the sexually transmitted pathogen Nosema apis
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Data from: Genetic evidence for sexual reproduction and multiple infections of Norway spruce cones by the rust fungus Thekopsora areolata
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Data from: The geographic mosaic of sex and infection in lake populations of a New Zealand snail at multiple spatial scales
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Data from: Protection against a fungal pathogen conferred by the aphid facultative endosymbionts Rickettsia and Spiroplasma is expressed in multiple host genotypes and species and is not influenced by co-infection with another symbiont
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Data from: Multiple paternity in a wild population of Armadillidium vulgare: influence of infection with Wolbachia?
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Data from: Multiplicity of infection does not accelerate infectivity evolution of viral parasites in laboratory microcosms
Coinfection with multiple parasite genotypes (multiplicity of infection) creates within-host competition and opportunities for parasite recombination, and is therefore predicted to be important for both parasite and host evolution. We tested for a difference in the infectivity of viral parasites (lytic phage Φ2) and resistance of their bacterial hosts (Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25) under both high and low multiplicity of infection (MOI) during coevolution in laboratory microcosms. Results show that MOI has no effect on infectivity and resistance evolution during coevolution over approximately 80 generations of host growth, and this is true when the experiment is initiated with wild-type viruses and hosts, or with viruses and hosts that have already been coevolving for ~330 generations. This suggests that MOI does not have a net effect of accelerating parasite adaptation to hosts through recombination, or retarding adaptation to hosts through between-parasite conflict in this system.
Data from: Multiple infections, relatedness and virulence in the anther-smut fungus castrating Saponaria plants
Multiple infections (co-occurrence of multiple pathogen genotypes within an individual host) can have important impacts on diseases. Relatedness among pathogens can affect the likelihood of multiple infections and their consequences through kin selection. Previous studies on the castrating anther-smut fungus Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae have shown that multiple infections occur in its host plant Silene latifolia. Relatedness was high among fungal genotypes within plants, which could result from competitive exclusion between unrelated fungal genotypes, from population structure or from interactions between plant and fungal genotypes for infection ability. Here, we aimed at disentangling these hypotheses using M. saponariae and its host Saponaria officinalis, both experimentally tractable for these questions. By analysing populations using microsatellite markers, we also found frequent occurrence of multiple infections and high relatedness among strains within host plants. Infections resulting from experimental inoculations in the greenhouse also revealed high relatedness among strains coinfecting host plants, even in clonally-replicated plant genotypes, indicating that high relatedness within plants did not result merely from plant x fungus interactions or population structure. Furthermore, hyphal growth in vitro was affected by the presence of a competitor growing nearby and by its genetic similarity, although this latter effect was strain-dependent. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis that relatedness-dependent competitive exclusion occurs in Microbotryum fungi within plants. These micro-organisms can thus respond to competitors and to their level of relatedness.
Data from: Parallel telomere shortening in multiple body tissues owing to malaria infection
Several studies have shown associations between shorter telomere length in blood and weakened immune function, susceptibility to infections, and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Recently, we have shown that malaria accelerates telomere attrition in blood cells and shortens lifespan in birds. However, the impact of infections on telomere attrition in different body tissues within an individual is unknown. Here, we tested whether malarial infection leads to parallel telomere shortening in blood and tissue samples from different organs. We experimentally infected siskins (Spinus spinus) with the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium ashfordi, and used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to measure telomere length in control and experimentally infected siskins. We found that experimentally infected birds showed faster telomere attrition in blood over the course of infection compared with control individuals (repeatedly measured over 105 days post-infection (DPI)). Shorter telomeres were also found in the tissue of all six major organs investigated (liver, lungs, spleen, heart, kidney, and brain) in infected birds compared with controls at 105 DPI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing that an infectious disease results in synchronous telomere shortening in the blood and tissue cells of internal organs within individuals, implying that the infection induces systemic stress. Our results have far-reaching implications for understanding how the short-term effects of an infection can translate into long-term costs, such as organ dysfunction, degenerative diseases, and ageing.
Data from: Multiple-strain infections of borrelia afzelii: a role for within-host interactions in the maintenance of antigenic diversity?
Genetically diverse infections are common but little is known about what effects coinfecting strains have on each other in natural host-parasite systems. To explore the nature and consequences of interactions in the wild, we studied the tick-transmitted bacterium Borrelia afzelii in one of its main reservoir hosts, the bank vole Myodes glareolus. We measured overall infection intensity with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and resolved the composition of multiple infections using strain-specific PCR assays targeting the ospC gene (which encodes an immunodominant surface protein). We found seven different strains, as defined by ospC genotype. There was little evidence for interactions affecting infection intensities, but strains were highly aggregated (i.e., there were more multiple infections than expected from random co-occurrence). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between the difference at the amino acid level between two OspC types and their degree of association. Overall, the observed patterns suggest that facilitation is more important than competition in this system and that more diverse infections have an advantage in establishing and/or maintaining infection. We propose that this advantage is one of the factors that favors antigenic diversity.
Data from: Multiple endosymbiont infections and reproductive manipulations in a linyphiid spider population
In many arthropods, maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria can increase infection frequency by manipulating host reproduction. Multiple infections of different bacteria in a single host population are common, yet few studies have documented concurrent endosymbiont phenotypes or explored their potential interactions. We hypothesized that spiders might be a particularly useful taxon for investigating endosymbiont interactions, because they are host to a plethora of endosymbiotic bacteria and frequently exhibit multiple infections. We established two matrilines from the same population of the linyphiid spider Mermessus fradeorum and then used antibiotic curing and controlled mating assays to demonstrate that each matriline was subject to a distinct endosymbiotic reproductive manipulation. One matriline was co-infected with Rickettsia and Wolbachia and produced offspring with a radical female bias. Antibiotic treatment eliminated both endosymbionts and restored an even sex ratio to subsequent generations. Chromosomal and fecundity observations suggest a feminization mechanism. In the other matriline, a separate factorial mating assay of cured and infected spiders demonstrated strong cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) induced by a different strain of Wolbachia. However, males with this Wolbachia induced only mild CI when mated with the Rickettsia–Wolbachia females. In a subsequent survey of a field population of M. fradeorum, we detected these same three endosymbionts infecting 55% of the spiders in almost all possible combinations, with nearly half of the infected spiders exhibiting multiple infection. Our results suggest that a dynamic network of endosymbionts may interact both within multiply infected hosts and within a population subject to multiple strong reproductive manipulations.
Data from: The fitness of drug-resistant malaria parasites in a rodent model: multiplicity of infection
Malaria infections normally consist of more than one clonally-replicating lineage. Within-host interactions between sensitive and resistant parasites can have profound effects on the evolution of drug resistance. Here, using the Plasmodium chabaudi mouse malaria model, we ask whether the costs and benefits of resistance are affected by the number of co-infecting strains competing with a resistant clone. We found strong competitive suppression of resistant parasites in untreated infections and marked competitive release following treatment. The magnitude of competitive suppression depended on competitor identity. However, there was no overall effect of the diversity of susceptible parasites on the extent of competitive suppression or release. If these findings generalize, then transmission intensity will impact on resistance evolution because of its effect on the frequency of mixed infections, not because of its effect on the distribution of clones per host. This would greatly simplify the computational problems of adequately capturing within-host ecology in models of drug resistance evolution in malaria.
Antibiotic Therapy in Preventing Early Infection in Patients With Multiple Myeloma Who Are Receiving Chemotherapy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00002850. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 3. Publications: 0.
Safety, Tolerance, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of Multiple Doses of sCD4-PE40 in the Treatment of HIV-Infected Individuals
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00002087. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Impact of Parasitic Infection on Multiple Sclerosis and Nephrotic Syndrome
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06256471. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 2.
A Phase I Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Antiviral Activity of 141W94 After Multiple Dosing in Patients With HIV Infection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00002183. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Phase I Multiple Dose Pharmacokinetic Study of Nevirapine Extended Release (XR) in HIV-1 Infected Children.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00905489. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 4. Publications: 0.
Respiatory Viral Infections in Patients with Multiple Myeloma
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06810115. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
A Study of Gammagard Liquid (Immune Globulin Infusion, 10%) to Prevent Infections in Adults With Multiple Myeloma
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06980480. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 2. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.