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Abundance of Weyl points in semiclassical multi-terminal superconducting nanostructures

Jupyter notebooks for generating and analysing the data.  Data for statistics. Figures and plots.

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Raw data for the article entitled ''Evaluation of in-plane architecture in a thermo-electrochemical cell with nanostructured and porous Sb:SnO2 electrodes''

Raw data for the plots in the article entitled ''Evaluation of in-plane architecture in a thermo-electrochemical cell with nanostructured and porous Sb:SnO2 electrodes''.

Figure 7 in Inflammation reduction potential of nanostructured lipid carriers encapsulated with rat's bone marrow cells' lysate

Figure 7. In-vivo Gene Expression Analysis: (A) represents apoptotic markers; BAX and Caspase-3, expression in treated nanostructured lipid carriers (T-NLC), treated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) lysate (C-I-BMSCs-L) and NLC loaded BMSCs lysate (C-I-NLC-BMSCs-L) groups as compared to normal (N) and carrageenan injected injury (C) groups (B) shows proinflammatory markers (IL-6 and IL-8) expression levels in treated C-I-BMSCs-L and treated C-I-NLC-BMSCs-L groups as compared to N and C groups (C) shows Proliferative markers (Ki-67, PCNA and TOP2A) expression in treated C-I-BMSCs-L and treated C-INLC-BMSCs-L group as compared to N and C groups. Whereas N-NS represents normal rats injected with normal saline, C-NS represents carrageenan-injected normal saline, C-I-DFS represents carrageenan-injected diclofenac sodium. Where; the* sign shows significance between untreated and treated groups while α and ss sign shows significance between carrageenan injury and other treatment groups. Where, ns is non-significant, * & α represents P<0.05, ** & ss represents P<0.001, *** & αss represents P<0.0001.

Figure 6 in Inflammation reduction potential of nanostructured lipid carriers encapsulated with rat's bone marrow cells' lysate

Figure 6. Percentage inhibition of inflammation at a time interval (hr) in carrageenan-induced rat's hind paw oedema model. The effect of different treatment groups, i.e., normal (N), normal rat paw injected with normal saline (N-NS), carrageenan injected group (C), carrageenan injected with normal saline group (C-NS), carrageenan injected with diclofenac sodium group (C-I-DFS), carrageenan injected with nanostructured lipid carriers group (C-I-NLC), carrageenan injected with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) lysate group (C-I-BMSCs-L) and Carrageenan injected with NLC loaded BMSCs lysate group (C-I-NLC-BMSCs-L); on hind paw oedema at different hours (0, 1 2, 3, 6 & 24 hours). Where; the* sign shows significance between normal and carrageenan-induced treated groups while α and ss sign shows significance between carrageenan injected and carrageenaninduced treatment groups. Where; ns is non-significant, ** & ss denotes P<0.001, *** & αss denotes P<0.0001.

Figure 4 in Inflammation reduction potential of nanostructured lipid carriers encapsulated with rat's bone marrow cells' lysate

Figure 4. (A) Expression analysis of angiogenesis marker vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via immunocytochemistry; (B) Expression analysis of apoptotic marker p53 via immunocytochemistry; (C) Expression analysis of apoptotic marker p53 via immunocytochemistry. Where: Untreated (UT), H 2 O 2 injury (I-H 2 O 2), treated NLC (T-NLC), treated BMSCs lysate (T-BMSCs-L), and treated NLC loaded bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells lysate (T-NLC-BMSCs-L). Stained cells are red, and blue denotes the nuclei counterstained with 4′,6-diamidine-2′-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI,) while arrows show the positive cells expressing the protein. Scale bar: 200µm.

Figure 2 in Inflammation reduction potential of nanostructured lipid carriers encapsulated with rat's bone marrow cells' lysate

Figure 2. Represents cytotoxicity analysis/percentage cell viability and standardized viability concentration (SVC) values of different treatment groups on NIH 3T3 Cells (A) Represents the percentage of NIH 3T3 cells viability treated with different concentrations of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells lysate (BMSCs-L), and NLC loaded BMSCs lysate (NLC-BMSCs-L). N represents % age viability of normal cells that receive no treatment and no H 2O2 injury; (B) Cytotoxicity analysis of various concentrations (500µg/µL, 1mg/mL, 2mg/mL, and 3mg/mL) of BMSCs lysate (C) SVC of BMSCslysate on NIH 3T3 cells; (D) Cytotoxicity analysis of various concentrations (500µg/µL, 1mg/mL, 2mg/mL, and 3mg/mL) of NLC loaded BMSCs lysate (E) shows SVC of NLC loaded BMSCs lysate on cells. Where; ***P<0.0001, *shows significance between untreated and treated groups while α and ss sign shows significance between H 2O2 injury and other treatment groups, αss shows P<0.0001, and ns is non-significant.

Figure 1 in Inflammation reduction potential of nanostructured lipid carriers encapsulated with rat's bone marrow cells' lysate

Figure 1. (A) Scanning Electron Micrograph of NLC and (B) Scanning Electron Micrograph of NLC-BMSCs-L; (B) Characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) loaded bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) lysate via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA):vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in NLC, BMSCs-L, and NLC loaded bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells lysate (NLC-BMSCs-L).Where; *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.0001, ns is non-significant.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2009View details →

Fig. 3 in Nanostructural and geochemical features of the Jurassic isocrinid columnal ossicles

Fig. 3. Distribution of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca in columnal plate of Chariocrinus andreae (Desor, 1845) from Gnaszyn clay pit, Poland (ZPAL Ca.7/1) obtained by NanoSIMS ion microprobe mapping (A, B, D, E). Line scans extracted from the images (C, F; "S" = start and "E" = end; vertical bars represent standard error). Note a sharp geochemical boundary between inter−stereom deposits and the stereom and heterogenous distribution of Mg in stereom with higher concentrations in the middle−zone of the skeletal bar. There is also clear difference between Sr content between inter−sterom deposits and stereom, however, due to low count rate, any possible differences within the stereom bar cannot be resolved.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2009View details →

Fig. 2 in Nanostructural and geochemical features of the Jurassic isocrinid columnal ossicles

Fig. 2. Micro− and nanostructural organization and basic geochemical characteristics of the Middle Jurassic (Middle Bathonian) isocrinid columnals from Gnaszyn clay pit, Poland. A. Transverse section of the columnal (beige in color) of Chariocrinus andreae (Desor, 1845), GIUS 8−2570 (A2 enlargement) in optical microscope (A1, A2) and in SEM back−scattered electron (BSE; A6, A7) images. Nanogranular organization of the stereom in AFM images (A4, A9 height−2D, and A5, A10 deflection images respectively; contact mode; buffered pH = 8, ammonium persulfate 1%, 10 min.). B. Slightly oblique section of the columnal (black in color) of Balanocrinus berchteni Hess and Pugin 1983, GIUS 8−2510 (B2 enlargement) in optical microscope (B1, B2) and in BSE (B6–B8) images. Note a clear border between stereom with distinct nanogranular texture and inter−stereom deposits with more flat surface (parallel lines are polishing scratches); B4, B10 height, and B5, B11 phase images, respectively. BSE mode enhances atomic number contrast; elements with lower atomic numbers appear darker, those with higher atomic numbers appear lighter (e.g., framboidal pyrite grains, B7). Spot geochemical analyses of the stereom (A3, B3) and inter−stereom deposits (A8, B9).

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Fig. 1. A in Nanostructural and geochemical features of the Jurassic isocrinid columnal ossicles

Fig. 1. A. Simplified map of Poland with position of investigated Gnaszyn locality. B. Enlargement of Gnaszyn area with a clay pit from which crinoid samples were collected (modified after Zatoń et al. 2006). C. Stratigraphic column of the Bathonian deposits at Gnaszyn clay pit (modified after Majewski 2000).

Fig. 17 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 17. Idealized and representing two extremes, three−dimensional models of septal microstructures in corals with fibrous skeletal tissue. First extreme model (A), shows perfect continuity between organo−mineral phases of dRAF and TD regions, whereas the second extreme model (B) shows consistent discontinuity of these phases in longitudinal, perpendicular to septal plane section. Real specimens (e.g., Figs. 3E–H, 5B) usually have some regions with dRAF and TD layers continuing, and some parts where these layers discontinue. Left to A, longitudinal section through RAF plane. Septal surfaces in the RAF zone may have "microcrystalline" texture (if a snapshot were taken during formation of the mineral phase); "microcrystals" represent exposed fiber tips (fasciculi of Wise 1972) of organic−depleted zones (circle on right of A).

Fig. 16. The rugosan Endotheciumdecipiens Koker, 1924 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 16. The rugosan Endotheciumdecipiens Koker, 1924. Here re−illustrated from Schindewolf's (1942: fig. 7). Lower Upper Permian (Basleo−Schichten), Basleo, Timor. "Transverse" section of corallum (A) with septa in axial region (B) showing alternation of layers of fibers (white) and areas infilled by dark (?iron−manganese rich) minerals (see also footnote 2). TLM view.

Fig. 15. A. Pachythecalis major Cuif, 1975, ZPAL H.23 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 15. A. Pachythecalis major Cuif, 1975, ZPAL H.23/10. Triassic, Lower Norian. Alakir Çay,Turkey. Transverse polished corallite in TLM (A1); enlargement of dRAF (A2). A3. Transverse polished pachytheca in TLM; fibers show faint regular (ca. 7 µm) alternations of lighter and darker zones. B. Zardinophyllum zardini Montanaro−Gallitelli, 1975. Triassic (Middle Carnian), San Cassiano Beds, Alpe di Specie, Dolomiti (Italy). Completely smooth RAF of septum in distal view, IPUM11 (B1, SEM). B2. Transverse, polished and etched septum (ZPALH.23/11); note fissure in dRAF region (arrow), more or less regular discontinuities in arrangement of pachytheca fibers (arrows), and secondary, probably biogenic deposits filling up the calice (marked transparent dark grey). All coralla with still preserved aragonitic mineralogy.

Fig. 14. Pachysolenia cylindrica Cuif, 1975 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 14. Pachysolenia cylindrica Cuif, 1975, ZPALH. XXI/4. Triassic, Lower Norian. Alakir Çay,Turkey. A–C. Complementary regions of transversely sectioned and polished pachytheca: TLM image (A), greyscale Sr (B) and Mg (C) mapping acquired on the electron microprobe by wavelength−dispersive techniques; darker areas equal very low concentration whereas lighter areas equal slightly higher concentrations. Sr (in B) shows enrichment, at least in some regions (arrows) where Mg (in C) appears depleted. Sr mapping of diagenetically non−altered fibrous parts of coralla of extant corals (not illustrated here) invariably shows nearly homogenous distribution of this element. D. TLM view of longitudinally sectioned pachytheca and septum; part of the preserved septum encircled and enlarged in E to show "non−trabecular" nature of dRAF. F. Transverse polished section of pachytheca in TLM; fibers show faint regular 5–8 µm alternations of lighter and darker zones. G. Homogenous septal dRAF zone in SEM view of transversely polished and etched section. H. Transverse polished and etched section of pachytheca (SEM); fibrous skeleton shows negative and positive etching relief (at ca. 5–8 µm distance).

Fig. 13.Stylophyllumparadoxum Frech, 1890, NHMW 1982 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 13.Stylophyllumparadoxum Frech, 1890, NHMW 1982/57/100, corallum with aragonitic mineralogy still preserved. Triassic, Rhaetian, Fischerwiese, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria. A, B. Transverse section of septa with concentric arrangement of fibers within septal spines (B, enlargement). C–F. Longitudinal sections crossing centers of septal spines; domed, successive layers of aragonite fibers (darker) separated by lighter "voids" infilled by spar (see D, F enlargements). Except for regular voids in spine centers, there is no difference in organization of superimposed layers of fibers within septal spine. All TLM micrographs.

Fig. 5. Flabellum chunii Marenzeller, 1904 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 5. Flabellum chunii Marenzeller, 1904. Recent, Great Meteor Seamount, SEAMOUNT2 (1993), DW 152 (January 11, 1993), 30°02.00'N, 28°22.10'W, 470 m. A. Septa and inner side of wall (A1) thickened by fibers arranged in scale−like units (A2, enlargement); ZPALH.23/2/1. B. Marginothecal wall sectioned longitudinally (large white arrow); layers of successive growth increments (dRAF) continue in wall "stereome", i.e.,TD (small white arrows); ZPAL H.23/2/2. C. Septum longitudinally sectioned in RAF plane. Dissolved or etched components of RAF form narrow "strands" (C2 enlargement); ZPALH.23/2/3. D. Transverse polished and etched section of septum; dRAF zone composed of neighboring dCRA (D1) is from both sides covered with layers of TD fibers (D2) which direction conform to that of scale−like units (i.e., semi−parallel to RAF); ZPALH.23/2/4. All SEM; growth direction within skeletal element i ndicated by black arrow in B.

Fig. 12. Undetermined conophylliid. ZPALH.23 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 12. Undetermined conophylliid. ZPALH.23/9. Triassic (Middle Carnian), San Cassiano Beds, Alpe di Specie, Dolomiti (Italy), corallum still wi th aragonitic mineralogy preserved. B. Transverse polished section of corallite in TLM (A); enlarged portions of longitudinally sectioned septa with regular growth increments of fibers (B). C. Longitudinally polished and etched section of septum with fibers regularly tapered (SEM). D. Transverse, polished and etched septum (SEM) with dCRA ("center of calcification", arrows). E. Septum longitudinally sectioned in dCRA region with domed, successive layers of fibers and occasional (arrow) larger voids between them.

Fig. 10 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 10. Galaxea fascicularis (Linnaeus, 1767); ZPAL H.23/7 (originally NMNH 90860 lot). Recent, North Pacific Ocean, Central Philippines (southern parts of islands), coll. J.B. Steere. A. Transverse polished section of septum in TLM; note dRAF in lower right corner (brown "calcification center") and regular growth increments of TD fibers (red arrows). B. SEM of transverse (slightly oblique) polished and etched section of septum; fibers adjacent to dRAF (bottom) show regular tapering periods at ca. 2–3 µm: red arrows). Oblique sectioned dRAD, with dissolved/etched inner components have crescent appearance. C. Transverse polished (slightly oblique) section of septum, TLM view; dRAF show brownish coloration; borders between bundles of fibers only gently outlined (white arrows). D. The same septal fragment as C, stained with acridine orange in MFM view; dRAF exhibit light, green−yellow fluorescence, whereas borders between bundles of fibers (arrows) emphasize greenish fluorescence.

Fig. 9 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 9. Galaxea fascicularis (Linnaeus, 1767); ZPAL H.23/7 (originally NMNH 90860 lot). Recent, North Pacific Ocean, Central Philippines (southern parts of islands), collection J.B. Steere. A, B. Morphology of distal septal edge (A) and septal flank spine (B). Note "Persian lamb" texture of skeletal surface (as shown by these fasciculi). C, D. Transverse section of polished and etched septum. Arrow in enlarged (D) fragment (general view in C) shows "blurry", probably organic material in dCRA and adjacent, radiating TD fibers (ca. 3–5 µm growth increments). E, F. Septum longitudinally sectioned in RAF plane; note dissolved/etched dRAF components in longitudinal "strand" (F enlargement). All are SEM.

Fig. 4. Stephanocyathuspaliferus Cairns 1977. ZPALH.23 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 4. Stephanocyathuspaliferus Cairns 1977. ZPALH.23/1. Locality data as in Fig. 1. A–C. AFM (contact mode): height—2D projection (A), phase (B), and height—3D projection (C) images of 5 m2 polished (not etched) septum sectioned in RAF plane; AFM tip was placed in dRAF "strand" region as seen in etched sections (Fig. 3C). D, E. AFM (tapping mode) height—2D projection (D) and phase (E) images of spherical bodies seen on the bottom of dRAF "strand".