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133 results for “natural environment”
Fig. 1 in High prevalence rates of Toxoplasma gondii in cat-hunted small mammals - Evidence for parasite induced behavioural manipulation in the natural environment?
Fig. 1. Spatial distribution of cat-hunted and trap-captured small mammals in Switzerland Map of Switzerland showing the number of sampled small mammals in each location and the distribution of the different groups used in the study. Groups 1–3: "cat-hunted"; Group 4 ′′trap-captured".
Fig. 1 in Feeding of juvenile pirarucu (Arapaima gigas, Arapaimidae) in their natural environment, lago Quatro Bocas, Araguaiana-MT, Brazil
Fig. 1. Partial map showing the Tocantins-Araguaia basin. In prominence, the rio Araguaia. Arrow indicates the lago Quatro Bocas.
Zebra finch song and distance call amplitude measurements: A transmission experiment and observational transects in the natural environment
<p>Birdsong is typically seen as a long-range signal functioning in mate attraction and territory defense. Among birds, the zebra finch is the prime model organism in bioacoustics, yet almost exclusively studied in the lab. In the wild, however, zebra finch song differs strikingly from songbirds commonly studied in the wild as zebra finch males sing most after mating and in the absence of territoriality. Using data from the wild, we here provide an ecological context for a wealth of laboratory studies. By integrating calibrated sound recordings, sound transmission experiments and social ecology of zebra finches in the wild with insights from hearing physiology we show that wild zebra finch song is a very short-range signal with an audible range of about nine meters and that even the louder distance calls do not carry much farther (up to about fourteen meters). These integrated findings provide an ecological context for the interpretation of laboratory studies of this species and indicate that the vocal communication distance of the main laboratory species for avian acoustics contrasts strikingly with songbirds that use their song as a long-range advertisement signal.</p>
"It was recorded on Sunday, morning of the 28th of September as some of the slower runners of the Berlin Marathon made it past Torstrasse near my flat. Iwas out to buy some bread for breakfast, but Iusually bring a camera and my Edirol R-1 recorder whenever Igo out. Since Iwas freshly returned to Berlin Iguess Iwas sensitive to the more antiquated sounds which still survive there, like that of the organ grinder. Iam generally interested in how human beings are replacing the presence of Nature with an artificial environment made entirely by human hands (and thus far more understandable, it is hoped). In this new Human Nature, the sounds of Nature are also Human made. Iwrite about these things, but Ialso use the sounds in my videos and my interactive and generative media work, so generally Iam wandering around building up my archive of media documents for use as material in future works." [Baruch/ gottlieb]17 in Collecting Sounds. Online Sharing of Field Recordings as Cultural Practice
"It was recorded on Sunday, morning of the 28th of September as some of the slower runners of the Berlin Marathon made it past Torstrasse near my flat. Iwas out to buy some bread for breakfast, but Iusually bring a camera and my Edirol R-1 recorder whenever Igo out. Since Iwas freshly returned to Berlin Iguess Iwas sensitive to the more antiquated sounds which still survive there, like that of the organ grinder. Iam generally interested in how human beings are replacing the presence of Nature with an artificial environment made entirely by human hands (and thus far more understandable, it is hoped). In this new Human Nature, the sounds of Nature are also Human made. Iwrite about these things, but Ialso use the sounds in my videos and my interactive and generative media work, so generally Iam wandering around building up my archive of media documents for use as material in future works." [Baruch/ gottlieb]17
Antipredator responses towards cat fur in wild brown rats tested in a semi-natural environment
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Zebra finch song and distance call amplitude measurements: A transmission experiment and observational transects in the natural environment
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Identifying the fitness consequences of sex in complex natural environments
In the natural world, sex prevails, despite its costs. While much effort has been dedicated to identifying the intrinsic costs of sex (e.g. the cost of males), few studies have identified the ecological fitness consequences of sex. Furthermore, correlated biological traits that differ between sexuals and asexuals may alter these costs, or even render the typical costs of sex irrelevant. We conducted a large-scale multi-site reciprocal transplant using multiple sexual and asexual genotypes of a native North American wildflower to show that sexual genotypes have reduced lifetime fitness, despite lower herbivory. We separated the effects of sex from those of hybridity, finding that over-winter survival is elevated in asexuals regardless of hybridity, but herbivores target hybrid asexuals more than non-hybrid asexual or sexual genotypes. Survival is lowest in homozygous sexual lineages, implicating inbreeding depression as a cost of sex. Our results show that the consequences of sex are shaped not just by sex itself, but by complex natural environments, correlated traits, and the identity and availability of mates.
Data From: Evaluating the correlation between genome-wide diversity and the release of plastic phenotypic variation in experimental translocations to novel natural environments
<p>Phenotypic reaction norms are often shaped and constrained by selection and are important for allowing organisms to respond to environmental change. However, selection cannot constrain reaction norms for environmental conditions that populations have not experienced. This may allow cryptic neutral genetic variation for the reaction norm to accumulate such that a release of phenotypic variation occurs when it is exposed to novel conditions. Most genomic diversity behaves as if functionally neutral. Genome-wide diversity metrics may therefore correlate with levels of cryptic genetic variation and, as a result, could exhibit a positive relationship with a release of phenotypic variation in novel environments. To test this hypothesis, we conducted translocations of juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) from 12 populations to novel uninhabited ponds that represented a gradient of environmental conditions. We assessed reaction norms for morphological traits (body size and four morphometric relative warps) across pond environmental gradients and evaluated the effect of genome-wide heterozygosity on phenotypic variability. All traits displayed plastic reaction norms. Overall, we found some evidence that a release of phenotypic variation consistent with cryptic genetic variation can occur in novel environmental conditions. However, the extent to which this release was correlated with average genome-wide diversity was limited to only one of five morphological traits examined. Our results suggest that the link between genomic diversity and the accumulation of cryptic genetic variation in reaction norms may be limited. Similarly, reaction norms were constrained for many of the morphological traits examined. Past conditions may have constrained reaction norms in the putatively novel environments despite significant deviations from contemporary source population habitat. Additionally, as a generalist colonizing species brook trout may exhibit plastic phenotypes across a wide range of environmental conditions.</p>
Data from: Large-scale manipulation of the acoustic environment can alter the abundance of breeding birds: evidence from a phantom natural gas field
1. Altered animal distributions are a consequence of human expansion and development. Anthropogenic noise can be an important predictor of abundance declines near human infrastructure, yet more information is needed to understand noise impacts at the spatial and temporal scales necessary to alter populations. 2. Energy development and associated anthropogenic noise are globally pervasive, and expanding. For example, 600,000 new natural gas wells have been drilled across central North America in less than twenty years. 3. We experimentally broadcast energy sector noise (recordings of compressor engines) in Southwest Idaho (USA). We placed arrays of speakers creating a "phantom natural gas field" in a large-scale experiment, and tested the effects of noise alone on breeding songbird abundance. To examine variation in human-caused noise, we broadcast two types of compressor noise, one with a slightly higher sound intensity and greater bandwidth than the other. 4. Our phantom natural gas field encompassed approximately 100 km2. We broadcast noise for over three continuous months, for each of two seasons, and quantified over 20,000 hours of background sound levels. 5. Brewer's sparrows (Spizella breweri) were affected by our narrowband playback, declining 30% 50 m from the speaker arrays. During our broadband playback, all species combined and Brewer's sparrows decreased 20% and 33% respectively at the scale of our sites (~0.5 km2; up to 400 m from speaker arrays). 6. Our results show the importance of incorporating the acoustic structure of noise when estimating the cost of noise exposure for populations and suggest an urgent need for noise mitigation, such as quieting compressor station noise, in energy extraction fields and natural areas broadly.
How biomechanics, path-planning and sensing enable gliding flight in a natural environment
<p>Gliding animals traverse cluttered aerial environments when performing ecologically relevant behaviours. However, it is unknown how gliders execute collision-free flight over varying distances to reach their intended target. We quantified complete glide trajectories amid obstacles in a naturally behaving population of gliding lizards inhabiting a rainforest reserve. In this cluttered habitat, the lizards used glide paths with fewer obstacles than alternatives of similar distance. Their takeoff direction oriented them away from obstacles in their path and they subsequently made mid-air turns with accelerations of up to 0.5 g to reorient towards the target tree. These manoeuvres agreed well with a vision-based steering model which maximized their bearing angle with the obstacle while minimizing it with the target tree. Nonetheless, negotiating obstacles reduced mid-glide shallowing rates, implying greater loss of altitude. Finally, the lizards initiated a pitch-up landing manoeuvre consistent with a visual trigger model, suggesting that the landing decision was based on the optical size and speed of the target. They subsequently followed a controlled-collision approach towards the target, ending with variable impact speeds. Overall, the visually guided path-planning strategy that enabled collision-free gliding required continuous changes in the gliding kinematics such that the lizards never attained theoretically ideal steady state glide dynamics.</p>
Carole Niffenegger, Sebastian Dirren, Christian Schano, Fränzi Korner-Nievergelt (2023) Data from : Natural nest cavities in a high elevation habitat provide a more constant thermal environment than human-made nest cavities
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Nest cavities with suitable thermal conditions can provide fitness benefits for birds through reduced thermoregulatory cost. Insulation can however vary between natural and human-made cavities. While several studies have assessed cavity temperatures, research from high elevation habitats, where environmental conditions are particularly variable, is still scarce. We compared temperature profiles of vacant natural and human-made nest cavities of white-winged snowfinches <i>Montifringilla nivalis</i>, a high elevation cavity nestling species. Human-made cavities experienced more extreme temperatures, with potential consequences for offspring viability, bringing into question their suitability as conservation measure, particularly as extreme temperature events become more frequent. </p>
Data and code for replication of: "Global warming and heat extremes to exacerbate inflationary pressures. M. Kotz, F. Kuik, E. Liz, C. Nickel. Nature Communications Earth & Environment (2023)."
<p>This repository contains secondary data and code necessary to reproduce the results of the manuscript:</p><p>Global warming and heat extremes to exacerbate inflationary pressures.</p><p>M. Kotz, F. Kuik, E. Liz, C. Nickel. Nature Communications Earth & Environment (2023).</p><p> </p><p>For further information please contact: maxkotz@pik-potsdam.de</p><p> </p><p>This document contains:</p><p>1. An outline of the data included in the repository.</p><p>2. An outline of the code included in the repository.</p><p> </p><p>See the README for further details.</p><p> </p><p>Credit and thanks go to Miles Parker, Chiara Osbat and Emanuele Franceschi for compiling the inflation data which is used in this study. Inflation data provided here has been anonymised (countries shuffled and names replaced by random letter combinations) to enable reproduction of our results, while limiting further use. Moreover, inflation in terms of the change in the logarithm of prices is included, whereas the level of price indices are excluded. For full inflation data please see the forthcoming publication by Miles Parker, Chiara Osbat,and Emanuele Franceschi (contact Miles.Parker@ecb.europa.eu for further enquiries into the raw inflation data).</p>
Figure 1 in Shell size differences in Helix lucorum Linnaeus, 1758 (Mollusca: Gastropoda) between natural and urban environments
Figure 1. Map of the sampling localities in Georgia.
Dataset for Paul et al., "Trace metals in coastal marine sediments: Natural and anthropogenic sources, correlation matrices, and proxy potentials", Science of The Total Environment (STOTEN-175789, 2024)
<p>The datafile (.xlsx format) contains the solid phase data for all study sites presented in the associated STOTEN publication <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175789" target="_blank" rel="noopener">(10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175789)</a></p> <ol> <li>specifics on the ICP-MS and ICP-OES analysis</li> <li>solid-phase data (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Sb, Sn, Ni, As, Tl, V, Mo, U, Re, TOC, S, Fe, Mn, and Al)</li> <li>coefficient of variation test results (as a basis for evaluating the applicability of data normalizations to the data; i.e. calculation of Enrichment Factors, cf. method section of the original publication)</li> </ol> <p>Please note that the title of the paper and the publication number has changed upon final publication. The Excel file description still refers to the original manuscript number and title "Trace metals in coastal marine sediments: anthropogenic sources, correlation patterns, and proxy potentials".</p>
Supplementary Materials S1-S4 to Leipe et al., 2024. Human activities, early farming and natural environment in the north-western Kanto Plain (Central Japan) during the Final Jomon–Early Kofun period (990 cal BCE–330 cal CE) inferred from palynological and archaeobotanical records
<p>This dataset represents the Supplementary Materials S1-S4 to Leipe et al. (2024), <em>QEH</em> 2, 100030.</p> <p>Leipe et al., 2024. Human activities, early farming and natural environment in the north-western Kanto Plain (Central Japan) during the Final Jomon–Early Kofun period (990 cal BCE–330 cal CE) inferred from palynological and archaeobotanical records. <em>Quaternary Environments and Humans</em> 2, 100030 (doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100030">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100030</a>).</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Material S1</strong>: Pollen and non-pollen palynomorph records of a section (490.5-668.5 cm depth) of the MJ20 sediment core from Morinji Marsh, Tatebayashi City, Gunma Prefecture, Kanto region, Central Japan.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Material S2</strong>. Sample-specific total counts of macrobotanical (seeds and fruits) and fungal remains and floated litres of sediment samples from ash pits (Yayoi period) and hearths (Kofun period) of the Ikegami archaeological site, Kumagaya City, Saitama Prefecture, Kanto region, Central Japan.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Material S3</strong>. Photographs of charred remains of<em> Juglans ailantifolia</em> and <em>Aesculus turbinata</em> from the Middle Yayoi period ash pit samples at the Ikegami archaeological site, Kumagaya City, Saitama Prefecture, Kanto region, Central Japan.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Material S4</strong>. Description of the As-B tephra in the MJ20 sediment core from Morinji Marsh, Tatebayashi City, Gunma Prefecture, Kanto region, Central Japan.</p>
Operational Dataset for Phased Array Radar Network for Natural Hazard Monitoring and Warnings in Urban Environments over the Greater Bay Area, China
<p>This is the dataset for the BAMS paper: Operational Phased Array Radar Network for Natural Hazard Monitoring and Warnings in<br>Urban Environments over the Greater Bay Area, China</p> <p>Due to policy restrictions, long-term data cannot be openly shared. Access to these data requires further arrangements through a formal agreement. For inquiries regarding data access, please contact us to discuss the terms and conditions.</p>
Dataset from Nature Materials paper: Amorphous nickel hydroxide shell tailors local chemical environment on platinum surface for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction
<p>Dataset of the paper "Amorphous nickel hydroxide shell tailors local chemical environment on platinum surface for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction" accepted in Nature Materials.</p> <p>- GCGA_inputs.zip: A zip file containing all needed input files to run a grand canonical genetic algorithm (GCGA) global optimization structure search. Note that the script would need modifications to be compatible with later version of the GOCIA package, please following the most updated instructions at https://github.com/zishengz/gocia</p> <p>- GCGA_Ni12OxHy_all_samples.db: An ASE database file containing all unique structures from the GCGA search of Ni12OxHy on a Pt(111) surface. </p> <p>- GM_Ni12O25H13.vasp: The structure of the global minimum structure from GCGA search, which is also the surface structure we focused on in this study, in VASP structure format.</p> <p>- rxn_structures.zip: A zip file containing the structures of reaction intermediates investigated in this work, in VASP structure format</p> <p> </p>
Environment filtering and dispersal limitation jointly shaped the taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity of natural forests in southern China
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Data from: Genetic monitoring of brown trout released into a novel environment: Establishment and genetic impact on natural populations
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Data From: Evaluating the correlation between genome-wide diversity and the release of plastic phenotypic variation in experimental translocations to novel natural environments
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.