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Figure 6 in Investigations of the nervous system biomarkers in the brain and muscle of freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus) following accumulation of nanoparticles in the tissues
Figure 6. TEM images of brain tissue sample of fish (O. niloticus) exposed to 1 (A and B), 5 (C and D), and 25 (E and F) mg/L of CuO NPs for 14 days of uptake and 14 days of depuration periods, respectively.
Figure 10 in Investigations of the nervous system biomarkers in the brain and muscle of freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus) following accumulation of nanoparticles in the tissues
Figure 10. The mean ATPase activity and associated standard errors in the brain of O. niloticus exposed to Al2 O 3 (a), CuO (b), and TiO2 NPs for 14 days (n = 6). See Figure 8 for detail.
Figure 5 in Investigations of the nervous system biomarkers in the brain and muscle of freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus) following accumulation of nanoparticles in the tissues
Figure 5. TEM images of brain tissue sample of fish (O. niloticus) exposed to 1 (A and B), 5 (C and D), and 25 (E and F) mg/L of Al2 O 3 NPs for 14 days of uptake and 14 days of depuration periods, respectively.
Figure 9 in Investigations of the nervous system biomarkers in the brain and muscle of freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus) following accumulation of nanoparticles in the tissues
Figure 9. The mean Ca-ATPase activity and associated standard errors in the muscle of O. niloticus. See Figure 8 for details.
Figure 3 in Investigations of the nervous system biomarkers in the brain and muscle of freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus) following accumulation of nanoparticles in the tissues
Figure 3. TEM images of muscle tissue sample of fish (O. niloticus) exposed to 1 (A and B), 5 (C and D), and 25 (E and F) mg/L of CuO NPs for 14 days of uptake and 14 days of depuration periods, respectively.
Fig. 7 in Towards a ground pattern reconstruction of bivalve nervous systems: neurogenesis in the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha
Fig. 7 Suggested ground patterns based on available data for numbers of serotonin-lir apical flask-shaped cells within bivalve apical organs. For further assessment, data on crucial clades, in particular Palaeoheterodonta and Protobranchia, are vital. Phylogeny of major bivalve lineages based on González et al. (2015). Red flask-shaped cells represent the cell count of respective serotonin-lir cells in the apical organ of studied species. Blue cells represent the hypothetical ground pattern. Within Heterodonta, Spisula solidissima shows three flask-shaped cells, while Dreissena
Fig. 6 in Towards a ground pattern reconstruction of bivalve nervous systems: neurogenesis in the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha
Fig. 6 Components of the serotonin-lir nervous system in the late veliger larva of Dreissena polymorpha. Serotonin-lir (bright yellow to dark red), acetylated α-tubulin-lir (green), and cell nuclei counter staining (blue). All images are in lateral view and apical is always up. Scale bars are 15 μm. a One flask-shaped serotonin-lir cell (red asterisk) remains of the apical organ and a neurite (n) projects dorsally into the velum (ve). The anlage of the future cerebral ganglion consists of six round, nonflask-shaped cells (turquoise x). (an) anus, (mo) mouth opening, (st) stomach. b Detail of a. Paired cerebro-visceral connectives (cvc) project
Fig. 2 in Towards a ground pattern reconstruction of bivalve nervous systems: neurogenesis in the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha
Fig. 2 Development of the serotonin-lir nervous system in Dreissena polymorpha from trochophore to early veliger stage. Serotonin-lir (bright-yellow to dark-red), acetylated α-tubulin-lir (green), and cell nuclei counter staining (blue). All images are in lateral view and apical is always up. Scale bars are 15 μm. a Trochophore larva (23 hpf). First serotonin-lir flask-shaped cell (red asterisk) at the apical pole. (at) apical tuft, (pt) prototroch, (tt) telotroch. b Early veliger larva (39 hpf). Two flask-shaped serotonin-lir cells (red asterisks) in the apical organ underlying the velum (ve). Postero-ventrally, the posterior larval sensory organ (pso) develops. Faintly labeled paired cerebro-visceral connectives (cvc) connect the posterior larval sensory organ (pso) to the
Fig. 5 in Towards a ground pattern reconstruction of bivalve nervous systems: neurogenesis in the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha
Fig. 5 Development of the serotonin-lir nervous system in Dreissena polymorpha from mid- to late veliger stage. Serotonin-lir (bright yellow to dark red), acetylated α-tubulin-lir (green), and cell nuclei counter staining (blue). b, c Details of a. f Detail of e. All images are in lateral view and apical is always up. Scale bars are 15 μm. a Mid-veliger larva (114 hpf). One remaining flask-shaped cell of the larval apical organ (red asterisk) underlain by the anlage of the cerebral ganglion which contains five roundish non-flask-shaped cells (turquoise x). Paired cerebrovisceral connectives (cvc) project from the anlage of the cerebral ganglion to the posterior larval sensor organ (pso). (an) anus, (mo) mouth opening, (tt) telotroch b Detail of the remaining flask-shaped cell
Fig. 4 in Towards a ground pattern reconstruction of bivalve nervous systems: neurogenesis in the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha
Fig. 4 Components of the serotonin-lir nervous system in the mid-veliger stage of Dreissena polymorpha. Serotonin-lir (bright yellow to dark red), acetylated α-tubulin-lir (green), and cell nuclei counter staining (blue). c, d, e Details of a. All images are in lateral view and apical is always up. Scale bars are 15 μm. a Overview of major neural components including four flask-shaped serotonin-lir cells (red asterisks) that form the apical organ. Neurites (n) project dorsally into the velum (ve). The anlage of the cerebral ganglion (turquoise x) is located underneath the apical organ. Cerebro-visceral connectives (cvc) connect the posterior larval sensory organ (pso) with the apical organ (ao). b Same individual as in a but colorcoded for depth. c Detail of the apical organ (red asterisks) and the anlage
SPARC Connectivity Knowledge base of the Autonomic Nervous System
<p>The SPARC Knowledge base of the Autonomic Nervous System (SCKAN) is an integrated graph database composed of three parts: the SPARC dataset metadata graph, ApiNATOMY and NPO models of connectivity, and the larger ontology used by SPARC which is a combination of the NIF-Ontology and community ontologies.</p> <p>The fastest way to get querying is to follow the instructions in the <a href="https://github.com/SciCrunch/sparc-curation/blob/master/docs/sckan/README.org#getting-started">SCKAN readme file</a>.</p> <p>For background information please see <a href="https://scicrunch.org/sawg/about/SCKAN">https://scicrunch.org/sawg/about/SCKAN</a> and <a href="https://sparc.science/resources/6eg3VpJbwQR4B84CjrvmyD">the SPARC portal resource page about SCKAN.</a></p> <p>This release contains the raw and compiled data for SCKAN. The release-*.zip contains raw data inputs along with the Blazegraph journal file, the sparc-sckan-graph-*.zip contains the SciGraph database, and sckan-data-*.tar.gz is a Docker image that contains the Blazegraph journal file and the SciGraph database along with the configuration files for running each of the servers. The image is intended to be used as a data volume with another Docker container that runs the SciGraph and Blazegraph server software.</p> <p>The Docker image containing this data is available live and is likely easier to use than the archived image included in this release. See the <a href="https://github.com/SciCrunch/sparc-curation/blob/master/docs/sckan/README.org#getting-started">SCKAN readme file</a> for the most up-to-date instructions.</p> <p>We would like to thank the members of the SAWG (SPARC Anatomy Working Group, RRID:SCR_018709) for their work on the various connectivity models included in this release.</p> <p>This work was funded by the NIH Common Fund under 3OT2OD030541-01S1.</p>
Timing of increased temperature sensitivity coincides with nervous system development in winter moth embryos
<p>Climate change is rapidly altering the environment and many species will need to genetically adapt their seasonal timing to keep up with these changes. Insect development rate is largely influenced by temperature, but we know little about the mechanisms underlying temperature sensitivity of development. Here we investigate seasonal timing of egg hatching in the winter moth, one of the few species which has been found to genetically adapt to climate change, likely through selection on temperature sensitivity of egg development rate. To study when during development winter moth embryos are most sensitive to changes in ambient temperature, we gave eggs an increase or decrease in temperature at different moments during their development. We measured their developmental progression and timing of egg hatching, and used fluorescence microscopy to construct a timeline of embryonic development for the winter moth. We found that egg development rate responded more strongly to temperature once embryos were in the fully extended germband stage. This is the phylotypic stage at which all insect embryos have developed a rudimentary nervous system. Furthermore, at this stage timing of ecdysone signaling determines developmental progression, which could act as an environment dependent gateway. Intriguingly, this may suggest that, from the phylotypic stage onward, insect embryos can start to integrate internal and environmental stimuli to actively regulate important developmental processes. As we found evidence that there is genetic variation for temperature sensitivity of egg development rate in our study population, such regulation could be a target of selection imposed by climate change.</p>
The central nervous system's proteogenomic and spatial imprint upon systemic viral infection, like SARS-CoV-2
<p>Data set including image files of histological stainings, immunohistochemistry, MELC, and spatial transcriptomics associated with the study mentioned above.</p>
Processed Vectra images for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) patients
<ul> <li>FFPE materials</li> </ul> <p>Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples and clinical data were obtained from PCNSL patients enrolled in the HOVON105/ALLG NHL 24 intergroup, multicenter, open-label, randomized phase 3 study (NTR2437 and ACTRN12610000908033) through the HOVON Pathology Facility and Biobank. </p> <ul> <li>Muiltiplex imaging</li> </ul> <p>Multiplex immunofluorescence was performed on 4-µm-thick formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded whole tissue sections using the Opal 7-color fluorescence immunohistochemistry (IHC) kit (Akoya biosciences, USA), as previously described. In brief, slides were deparaffinized and rehydrated, followed by a blocking step for endogenous peroxidase using 0.3% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/methanol and fixation with 10% neutral buffered formalin (Leica Biosystems, Germany). Slides were washed in Milli-Q water and 0.05% Tween20 in 1x Tris-Buffered Saline (TBS-T). Antigen retrieval was done by placing the slides in 0.05% ProClin300/Tris–EDTA buffer pH 9.0 in a microwave at 100% power until boiling, followed by 15 min at 30% power. Slides were cooled in Milli-Q water, washed in 1x TBS-T and blocked with Antibody Diluent (Agilent, USA). The slides were then incubated with primary antibody diluted in Normal Antibody Diluent, followed by incubation with the broad spectrum HRP from the SuperPicture Polymer Detection Kit (Life Technologies, USA). Next, the slides were incubated with Opal TSA fluorochromes diluted in an amplification buffer (Akoya biosciences, USA). The primary and secondary antibody complex was stripped by microwave treatment with 0.05% ProClin300/Tris–EDTA buffer at pH 9.0. Finally, DAPI working solution (Akoya biosciences, USA) was applied and the slides were mounted with Prolong Diamond Anti-fade mounting medium (#P36965; Life Technologies).</p> <ul> <li>Image processing</li> </ul> <p>Stained slides were scanned using the Vectra Polaris Automated Quantitative Pathology Imaging System (Akoya biosciences, USA). From each slide, representative tumor regions and regions at the junction of tumor and surrounding cerebral tissue were selected and multispectral imaging (MSI) images were acquired at 40x resolution. After image capture, the images were spectrally unmixed and analyzed, using supervised machine learning algorithms within Inform 4.2.2. (Akoya biosciences). Cells were assigned into ten different phenotype categories: “PAX5+PD-L1-”, “PAX5+PD-L1+”, “CD163+PD-L1-”, “CD163+PD-L1+”, “CD3+CD8-PD-1-”, “CD3+CD8+PD-1-”, “CD3+CD8-PD-1+”, “CD3+CD8+PD-1+”, “other PD-L1+” or “other”, based on the size of the cells and positivity of markers in the panel. </p> <p> </p>
A Safety and Dose Ranging Study of Idursulfase (Intrathecal) Administration Via an Intrathecal Drug Delivery Device in Pediatric Patients With Hunter Syndrome Who Have Central Nervous System Involveme
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00920647. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
Hypoglycemia and Autonomic Nervous System Function
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01816893. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Timing of increased temperature sensitivity coincides with nervous system development in winter moth embryos
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Self-organizing nervous systems for robot swarms
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: The nervous and circulatory systems of a Cretaceous crinoid: preservation, paleobiology, and evolutionary significance
Featherstars, those comatulid crinoids that shed their stalk during their ontogeny, are the most species-rich lineage of modern crinoids and the only ones present in shallow water today. Although they are of considerable paleontological interest as a 'success story' of the Mesozoic Marine Revolution, their fossil record is relatively species-poor and fragmentary. New Spanish fossils of the Cretaceous featherstar Decameros ricordeanus preserve the shape and configuration of nervous and circulatory anatomy in the form of infilled cavities, which we reconstruct from CT scans. The circulatory system of D. ricordeanus was relatively extensive and complex, implying a pattern of coelomic fluid flow that is unique among crinoids, and the peripheral parts of the nervous system include linkages both to the circulatory system and to the surface of the body. A phylogenetic analyses – the first to include both living and fossil featherstars and which includes characters from internal anatomy – recovers D. ricordeanus among the lineage of featherstars that includes Himerometroidea, Tropiometra, and "Antedonoidea," among others. D ricordeanus is larger than almost any modern featherstar, and its elaborate coelomic morphology appears to be a consequence of positive allometry. All featherstars with coelomic diverticula are shown to belong to a single comatulid subclade, and this feature may constitute a synapomorphy of that group. Some preservation of cavities corresponding to soft tissue is probably not exceptional in fossil crinoids, providing an opportunity to study the diversity and evolution of extinct anatomical systems typically only preserved in Lagerstätten.
Ensemble synchronization in the reassembly of Hydra's nervous system
<p class="Default">Although much is known about how the structure of the nervous system develops, it is still unclear how its functional modularity arises. A dream experiment would be to observe the entire development of a nervous system, correlating the emergence of functional units with their associated behaviors. This is possible in the cnidarian <i>Hydra vulgaris</i>, which, after its complete dissociation into individual cells, can reassemble itself back together into a normal animal. We used calcium imaging to monitor the complete neuronal activity of dissociated <i>Hydra </i>as they re-aggregated over several days. Initially uncoordinated neuronal activity became synchronized into coactive neuronal ensembles. These local modules then synchronized with others, building larger functional ensembles that eventually extended throughout the entire reaggregate, generating neuronal rhythms similar to those of intact animals. Global synchronization was not due to neurite outgrowth but to strengthening of functional connections between ensembles. We conclude that <i>Hydra's</i> nervous system achieves its functional reassembly through the hierarchical modularity of neuronal ensembles.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.