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opennotspecifiedJan 2020View details →

FIGURES 1–4. Odynerus obstrictus Morawitz, 1895 in Nesting biology and distribution of Stenancistrocerus (Paratropancistrocerus) obstrictus (Morawitz, 1895) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)

FIGURES 1–4. Odynerus obstrictus Morawitz, 1895, ♀, lectotype. 1, habitus in dorsal view. 2, habitus in lateral view. 3, head in frontal view. 4, labels.

Figure 5. a in The nesting habits and flower relationships of the bee Melitoma ameghinoi (Holmberg) (Hymenopteraı Apidae)ı with notes on its taxonomy and distribution

Figure 5. a. Pollen of Ipomoea cairica from scopa. b. Pollen of Ipomoea cairica from nest. c. Pollen of Ipomoea sp. from nest. Scale: 25 µm.

Figure 2. a in The nesting habits and flower relationships of the bee Melitoma ameghinoi (Holmberg) (Hymenopteraı Apidae)ı with notes on its taxonomy and distribution

Figure 2. a. Nesting area of Melitoma ameghinoi (arrows point to nest entrances). b. Cluster of nests of M. ameghinoi with curved turrets.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Nest shape influences colony organization in ants: spatial distribution and connectedness of colony members differs from that predicted by random movement and is affected by nest space

Overview Data used for the manuscript: Nest shape influences colony organization in ants: spatial distribution and connectedness of colony members differs from that predicted by random movement and is affected by available space Purpose of the study Investigating how nest shape influences how Temnothorax rugatulus colonies spatially organize in their nests. This includes physical location of colony members and their distances from the entrance, mobile colony member distance to the brood center, worker distance to the physical center of the nest, and comparing worker distributions with those predicted by a random walk model. Structure of the data EMPIRICAL DATA WORKERS: FullDataCoordWorkers.csv, FullDataCoordWorkersRD2.csv Raw experimental data with worker x and y position in nests <ul> <li>Colony: Unique experimental colony identifiers</li> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>Day: The experimental day that the observation was collected on</li> <li>ScaledX: X-axis coordinate, scaled from original (px) to (cm) in the software Fiji (Schindelin et al., 2012)</li> <li>ScaledY: Y-axis coordinate, scaled from original (px) to (cm) in the software Fiji</li> <li>ColorID: The unique color marking assigned to an individual worker's head, thorax, abdomen1, abdomen2 (i.e., Yellow, White, Green, Green = Y,W,G,G)</li> <li>Density: The density treatment (High / Low)</li> </ul> BROOD / QUEENS: FullDataCoordBrood.csv, FullDataCoordBroodRD2.csv; FullDataCoordQueen.csv, FullDataCoordQueenRD2.csv Raw experimental data with brood (OR) queen x and y position in nests <ul> <li>Colony: Unique experimental colony identifiers</li> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>Day: The experimental day that the observation was collected on</li> <li>ScaledX: X-axis coordinate, scaled from original (px) to (cm) in the software Fiji (Schindelin et al., 2012)</li> <li>ScaledY: Y-axis coordinate, scaled from original (px) to (cm) in the software Fiji</li> <li>Density: The density treatment (High / Low)</li> </ul> ALATES: FullDataCoordAlate.csv Raw experimental data with alate (winged reproductive individuals) x and y position in nests <ul> <li>Colony: Unique experimental colony identifiers</li> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>Day: The experimental day that the observation was collected on</li> <li>ScaledX: X-axis coordinate, scaled from original (px) to (cm) in the software Fiji (Schindelin et al., 2012)</li> <li>ScaledY: Y-axis coordinate, scaled from original (px) to (cm) in the software Fiji</li> <li>SexID: The unique sex assignment and number given to an individual alate: Sex, SexNumber, TotalNumber (i.e., the first male alate observation that came after three queen alates making it the fourth total observation = M,1,4)</li> </ul> NETLOGO SIMULATIONS: ArchitectureMoveModelFull.csv Raw netlogo simulation data with agent x and y positions in nests <ul> <li>RunNumber: The simulation number - 1 to 4000 - there are 1000 simulations for each combination of nest shape and size</li> <li>NestSize: The size of the nest area that agents were allowed to move throughout (Small / Large)</li> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>TimeStep: The duration of each simulation (should be 50000)</li> <li>xcor: a list of every agent x coordinate position at the end of the simulation</li> <li>ycor: a list of every agent y coordinate position at the end of the simulation</li> </ul> REFERENCE DATA  NEST BINS: Empirical BinsNullFull.csv Null data sheet with eight bins for tube and circle nests in every colony <ul> <li>Colony: Unique experimental colony identifiers</li> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>Bin: Nest section identifier (1-8)</li> </ul> BinCoordFull.csv Reference binning coordinates to group empirical coordinates into nest sections <ul> <li>Colony: Unique experimental colony identifiers</li> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>CoordID: The unique coordinate identifier within each colony and nest combination</li> <li>ScaledX: X-axis coordinate, scaled from original (px) to (cm) in the software Fiji (Schindelin et al., 2012)</li> <li>ScaledY: Y-axis coordinate, scaled from original (px) to (cm) in the software Fiji</li> </ul> NEST BINS: Netlogo Simulations BinsNullNetlogo.csv Null data sheet with eight bins for tube and circle nests in each simulation treatment <ul> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>NestSize: The size treatment for simulations (Small / Large)</li> <li>Bin: Nest section identifier (1-8)</li> </ul> BinCoordNetlogo.csv Reference binning coordinates to group Netlogo simulation coordinates into nest sections <ul> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>NestSize: The size treatment for simulations (Small / Large)</li> <li>ScaledX: X-axis coordinate</li> <li>ScaledY: Y-axis coordinate</li> <li>CoordID: The unique coordinate identifier within each colony and nest combination</li> </ul> CORNERS: Empirical CornerFull.csv Whether a nest section has a corner or not <ul> <li>Colony: Unique experimental colony identifiers</li> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>Bin: Nest section identifier (1-8)</li> <li>Corner: Presence of a corner (Y / N)</li> </ul> CORNERS: Empirical CornerFullSim.csv <ul> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>Bin: Nest section identifier (1-8)</li> <li>Corner: Presence of a corner (Y / N)</li> </ul> REFERENCE DATA  DISTANCES IN THE NEST: Empirical DistBinsFull.csv Reference coordinates for the entrance of nest sections (Bin) front-to-back and shortest distance to the entrance from each nest section entrance <ul> <li>Colony: Unique experimental colony identifiers</li> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>Distance: Reference shortest distance from a nest section to the entrance</li> <li>Bin: Nest section identifier (1-8)</li> <li>BinX: X-axis reference coodinate for a nest section entrance</li> <li>BinY: Y-axis reference coodinate for a nest section entrance</li> <li>Xmax: Max X-axis coordinate possible within the nest</li> <li>Ymax: Max Y-axis coordinate possible within the nest</li> <li>MaxDist: Max possible shortest distance from the nest entrance</li> <li>TubeRatio: Ratio of shortest distance to the nest entrance in circle nest / tube nest</li> </ul> DISTANCES IN THE NEST: Netlogo Simulations DistBinsFullNetlogo.csv Reference coordinates for the entrance of nest sections (Bin) front-to-back and shortest distance to the entrance from each nest section entrance <ul> <li>NestSize: The size treatment for simulations (Small / Large)</li> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>Distance: Reference shortest distance from a nest section to the entrance</li> <li>Bin: Nest section identifier (1-8)</li> <li>BinX: X-axis reference coodinate for a nest section entrance</li> <li>BinY: Y-axis reference coodinate for a nest section entrance</li> <li>Xmax: Max X-axis coordinate possible within the nest</li> <li>Ymax: Max Y-axis coordinate possible within the nest</li> <li>MaxDist: Max possible shortest distance from the nest entrance</li> <li>TubeRatio: Ratio of shortest distance to the nest entrance in circle nest / tube nest</li> </ul> REFERENCE DATA  WORKER SITE FIDELITY (SPATIAL FIDELITY & OCCURRENCE ZONE SIZES), ALSO RELATING SIZES TO DISTANCES IN THE NEST ColorRefFull.csv Reference of all possible unique color identifiers paint marked workers <ul> <li>Colony: Unique experimental colony identifiers</li> <li>Head: Head color mark</li> <li>Thorax: Thorax color mark</li> <li>Abd1: Left side abdomen mark</li> <li>Abd2: Right side abdomen mark</li> </ul> NestAreaFull.csv Reference for colony size (number of workers in the colony) and nest area <ul> <li>Colony: Unique experimental colony identifiers</li> <li>Number.ants: Number of workers in the colony after painting</li> <li>Diameter: The diameter of the circle nest</li> <li>Area: The area of the nest</li> </ul> ScalingCircleSFZ.csv Reference to scale the radius of circle nests to make coordinates representing fidelity zone bins <ul> <li>Colony: Unique experimental colony identifiers</li> <li>Scaling: The scaling factor that is applied to the radius of each circle nest</li> </ul>

opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

Nesokia is sister to Bandicota and are nested in Rattus phylogenetically, making Rat- tus paraphyletic. Tarsomys, Limnomys, and Diplothrix are also phylogenetically in Rat- tus, and the clade is in need of focused re- vision at the generic level. Nesokia bunnui was originally described as a separate ge-nus, Erythronesokia, because it is morphologically very distinctive from N. indica. Type specimen was destroyed during the Iraq War, and a neotype was recently designated to replace it. Monotypic. Distribution. Tigris and Euphrates river valleys, SE Iraq. Descriptive notes. Head—body 230-260 mm, tail 205-270 mm, ear 18-21 mm, hindfoot 49-58 mm; weight 519 g. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is larger than the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat (N. indica). Pelage is soft and woolly, interspersed with harsher coarse hair and long black hairs near mid-back. Dorsum is fawn to ocherous red, washed with purple or chestnuton darker individuals. Hairs are basally slate-gray and distally rufous, occasionally with whitish or black tips. Muzzle is drab. Sides arefawn, with gray edge toward venter. Venteris whitish, extending onto cheeks where the same pattern from gray to fawn to dorsal pelage occurs. Feet are large and robust, being light brown and well-furred dorsally. Claws are amber on forefeet and dull brown on hindfeet; pollux is extremely small. Ears are moderately long and brownish, with no hair internally. Tail is ¢.82-104% of head-body length and deep brownish drab, interspersed with visible white hair. Skull is large and robust, similarly to the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat. Habitat. Marsh and swamp land. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is terrestrial, although it isfound in swampy and marshy areas and is probably amphibious. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Longtailed Bandicoot Rat is apparently rare and is known from very few specimens. Marsh and swamp habitats in which it is found were completely destroyed during the Iraq War by draining, war damage, and agricultural expansion. In recent years, flooding from Tigris and Euphrates rivers and high snow fall and melt haveresulted in partial restoration ofits native habitat, although restoration is not a complete. Populations are now probably highly fragmented. Bibliography. Al-Ansari et al. (2012), Al-Robaae & Felten (1990), Khajuria (1981), Krystufek et al. (2017), Musser & Carleton (2005), Richardson & Hussain (2006), Stuart (2008). in Muridae

Nesokia is sister to Bandicota and are nested in Rattus phylogenetically, making Rat- tus paraphyletic. Tarsomys, Limnomys, and Diplothrix are also phylogenetically in Rat- tus, and the clade is in need of focused re- vision at the generic level. Nesokia bunnui was originally described as a separate ge-nus, Erythronesokia, because it is morphologically very distinctive from N. indica. Type specimen was destroyed during the Iraq War, and a neotype was recently designated to replace it. Monotypic. Distribution. Tigris and Euphrates river valleys, SE Iraq. Descriptive notes. Head—body 230-260 mm, tail 205-270 mm, ear 18-21 mm, hindfoot 49-58 mm; weight 519 g. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is larger than the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat (N. indica). Pelage is soft and woolly, interspersed with harsher coarse hair and long black hairs near mid-back. Dorsum is fawn to ocherous red, washed with purple or chestnuton darker individuals. Hairs are basally slate-gray and distally rufous, occasionally with whitish or black tips. Muzzle is drab. Sides arefawn, with gray edge toward venter. Venteris whitish, extending onto cheeks where the same pattern from gray to fawn to dorsal pelage occurs. Feet are large and robust, being light brown and well-furred dorsally. Claws are amber on forefeet and dull brown on hindfeet; pollux is extremely small. Ears are moderately long and brownish, with no hair internally. Tail is ¢.82-104% of head-body length and deep brownish drab, interspersed with visible white hair. Skull is large and robust, similarly to the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat. Habitat. Marsh and swamp land. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is terrestrial, although it isfound in swampy and marshy areas and is probably amphibious. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Longtailed Bandicoot Rat is apparently rare and is known from very few specimens. Marsh and swamp habitats in which it is found were completely destroyed during the Iraq War by draining, war damage, and agricultural expansion. In recent years, flooding from Tigris and Euphrates rivers and high snow fall and melt haveresulted in partial restoration ofits native habitat, although restoration is not a complete. Populations are now probably highly fragmented. Bibliography. Al-Ansari et al. (2012), Al-Robaae & Felten (1990), Khajuria (1981), Krystufek et al. (2017), Musser & Carleton (2005), Richardson & Hussain (2006), Stuart (2008).

opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003). in Muridae

Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003).

opencc-by-nc-4.0Jul 2021View details →

Figure 14. Adult removing a faecal sac from Nest 2 in Breeding behavior, distribution, and conservation of the Sharp-tailed Tyrant Culicivora caudacuta (Vieillot, 1818) (Aves: Tyrannidae), a South American grassland specialist

Figure 14. Adult removing a faecal sac from Nest 2 after feeding the nestlings. Photo: RSS.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Nests, threats and leks: non-random distribution of nests in ruffs (Calidris pugnax)

This project investigates the nest distribution of the ruff (Calidris pugnax), an endangered shorebird, and its association with social and spatial characteristics of their habitat. Using satellite imaging, we established a suitable breeding area and analyzed the factors influencing nest placement. Our study aims to provide insights that can aid in the conservation of this species by understanding their nesting behavior and the threats they face.

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Do human infrastructures shape nest distribution in the landscape depending on individual personality in a farmland bird of prey?

1. Individuals´ distribution across habitats may depend on their personality. Human activities and infrastructures are critical elements of the landscape that may impact the habitat selection process. However, depending on their personality, individuals may respond differently to these unnatural elements. 2. In the present study, we first investigated whether some human infrastructures (buildings, roads and paths) shaped Montagu's harrier nest spatial distribution in the landscape according to female personality (boldness). Second, we tested if the reproductive success of females depended on their boldness and nest location regarding infrastructures. 3. Using a long-term (19 years) data set, we calculated the distance from each nest to the nearest infrastructure type and the density of each infrastructure type around the nest. We tested the effects of female boldness (bold vs. shy) and its interaction with egg-laying date on these six metrics. 4. Nest location in the landscape depended on female personality and on some human infrastructures: the building density was smaller around nests from shy females than from bold ones. Nest distribution related to other infrastructure metrics did not depend on female boldness. The pattern related to building density is consistent with some habitat choice hypotheses which are discussed. Path density around nests negatively affected reproductive success regardless of female boldness, and late breeders nested further away from paths than early breeders. Human activities on paths (more common later in the season) could lead to disturbance and a decrease in parental care, reducing reproductive success. 5. Increasing human presence in farmlands implies a need to better understand its impact on population composition, in terms of personality. Our results suggest that individual behavioural differences should be taken into account in studies assessing the effects of human disturbance on animal populations, to propose more appropriate conservation measures.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

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Do human infrastructures shape nest distribution in the landscape depending on individual personality in a farmland bird of prey?

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publicSep 2021View details →

Figure 7 in The nesting habits and flower relationships of the bee Melitoma ameghinoi (Holmberg) (Hymenopteraı Apidae)ı with notes on its taxonomy and distribution

Figure 7. Melitoma ameghinoi male, seventh metasomal sternum. Scale: 0, 5 mm.

Figure 6. Melitoma ameghinoi from Chaco. a in The nesting habits and flower relationships of the bee Melitoma ameghinoi (Holmberg) (Hymenopteraı Apidae)ı with notes on its taxonomy and distribution

Figure 6. Melitoma ameghinoi from Chaco. a, male; b, female. Scale: 2 mm.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

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Data from: Spatial and temporal patterns of nest distribution influences sexual selection in a marine fish

In many species, the natural distribution of material resources important for reproduction can profoundly impact reproductive success among individuals and, hence, the opportunity and intensity of sexual selection. Here, we report on a field-based experiment investigating the effects of nest aggregation on sexual selection in a fish, the sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus). We found that the distribution of potential nests (sparse versus aggregated nest treatments) affected patterns of nest colonization and reproductive success. Specifically, in the treatment with aggregated nesting resources, a greater proportion of nests remained unoccupied by sand goby males. Although the size of nesting males did not differ between treatments, eggs accumulated more rapidly when nests were sparsely distributed. We found that the opportunity for selection decreased over time with the accumulation of eggs in the nests in both the aggregated and sparse treatments. Moreover, the effect of male size on reproductive success was influenced by an interaction between nest distribution and time, with the selection gradient being highest right after nest colonization when nests were aggregated, while the opposite pattern was observed in the sparse nest treatment. Such findings highlight the vital role that environmental and social factors can play in determining the importance of male phenotypic traits (in this case, male size). More broadly, our results also underscore how the natural distribution of resources, both in space and time, can impact the strength of sexual selection acting on wild animal populations.

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Data from: Spatial distribution of nests constrains the strength of sexual selection in a warbler

In socially monogamous species, extra-pair paternity may increase the strength of inter-sexual selection by allowing males with preferred phenotypes to monopolize matings. Several studies have found relationships between male signals and extra-pair mating, but many others fail to explain variation in extra-pair mating success. A greater appreciation for the role that ecological contingencies play in structuring behavioral processes may help to reconcile contradictory results. We studied extra-pair mating in a spatial context in the common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), a territorial wood warbler. Over the course of six years, we observed 158 breeding attempts by 99 males, resulting in a total of 369 nests and 520 sampled nestlings. The spatial distribution of territories varied greatly, with males having between 0 and 10 close neighbors and between 3 and 39 neighboring nestlings close enough to represent extra-pair siring opportunities. Both within-pair and extra-pair reproductive success increased with breeding density, but the opportunity for sexual selection and strength of selection varied with density. Total variance in reproductive success was highest at low density and was mostly explained by variation in within-pair success. In contrast, at high density, both within-pair and extra-pair success contributed substantially to variance in reproductive success. The relationships between plumage and extra-pair mating also varied by density; plumage was under strong sexual selection via extra-pair mating success at high density but no selection was detected at low density. Thus, ecological factors that structure social interactions can drive patterns of sexual selection by facilitating or constraining the expression of mating preferences.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

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Рис. 6. РаспреΑеΛение гнезΑ ΑаΛьневосточного аиста в 2000 г. на территории буΑущего заказника «Аистиный» (по: Сурмач, Шибаев 2000) Fig. 6. Distribution of nests of the Oriental White Stork in 2000 on the territory of the future Aistiny reserve (based on: Surmach, Shibaev 2000) in The number and distribution of the Oriental White Stork Ciconia boyciana Swinhoe, 1873 in the Khabarovskiy Region

Рис. 6. РаспреΑеΛение гнезΑ ΑаΛьневосточного аиста в 2000 г. на территории буΑущего заказника «Аистиный» (по: Сурмач, Шибаев 2000) Fig. 6. Distribution of nests of the Oriental White Stork in 2000 on the territory of the future Aistiny reserve (based on: Surmach, Shibaev 2000)

Figures 10-17 from: Nguyen L, Kojima J (2014) Distribution and nests of paper wasps of Polistes (Polistella) in northeastern Vietnam, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae). ZooKeys 368: 45-63. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.368.6426

Figures 10-17 - Polistes (Polistella) brunetus sp. n., male. 10–11 Head 10 Frontal view 11 Lateral view 12 Right antenna 13–14 Terminal sterna 13 Ventral view 14 Apical part, lateral view 15 Inner aspect of paremere with digitus and volsella 16–17 Aedeagus 16 Ventral view 17 Lateral view. Scale 1 mm.

Figures 2-9 from: Nguyen L, Kojima J (2014) Distribution and nests of paper wasps of Polistes (Polistella) in northeastern Vietnam, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae). ZooKeys 368: 45-63. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.368.6426

Figures 2-9 - Polistes (Polistella) brunetus sp. n., female. 2–5 Head 2 Frontal view 3 Vertex in dorsal view 4 Lateral view 5 Right antenna 6 Pronotum in lateral view 7 Jugal lobe of left hind wing 8 Metasomal segments I and II, lateral view 9 Metasomal segment II–VI. Scale 1 mm.

Figures 21-28 from: Nguyen L, Kojima J (2014) Distribution and nests of paper wasps of Polistes (Polistella) in northeastern Vietnam, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae). ZooKeys 368: 45-63. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.368.6426

Figures 21-28 - Polistes species characters. 21, 23, 25 Polistes mandarinus: 21 Metasomal segment I and II, lateral view 23 Head, lateral view 25 Mesosoma, lateral view 22, 24 Polistes dawnae: 22 Head, lateral view 24 Mesosoma, lateral view 26 P. sagittarius, pronotum, lateral view 27–28 Polistes strigosus: 27 Pronotum, lateral view 28 Metasomal sternum VII, ventral view. Scale 1 mm.

Figure 1 from: Nguyen L, Kojima J (2014) Distribution and nests of paper wasps of Polistes (Polistella) in northeastern Vietnam, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae). ZooKeys 368: 45-63. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.368.6426

Figure 1 - Map of Vietnam showing the provinces in the northeastern part (green) and those in which the specimens examined were collected (light violet).