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66 results for “nest survival”
Large-scale supplemental feeding alters lay date and nest survival in Eastern Bluebirds but not in two species of chickadees
<p>Wild bird feeding is a popular and growing activity, with approximately half of households participating in nations including the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia. Supplemental feeding can increase survival and reproductive success of birds (which is often a goal of supplemental feeding efforts), but it raises concerns about phenological mismatch, reduced clutch size, or increased risk of nest predation. Our objectives were to test whether access to supplemental food during the breeding season was correlated with (1) advanced egg-laying phenology, (2) increased clutch size, or (3) improved nest survival of 3 cavity-nesting species (Carolina Chickadee, <i>Poecile carolinensis</i>; Black-capped Chickadee, <i>P. atricapillus</i>; and<i> </i>Eastern Bluebird, <i>Sialia</i> <i>sialis</i>) at a large spatial scale (United States and Canada; 22 degrees latitude difference and 55 degrees longitude difference). We examined data from 24,528 nest attempts submitted to NestWatch from 2014–2019. For Eastern Bluebirds, birds with access to supplemental insects initiated clutches 5.83 (± 0.89 SE) days earlier than birds without access to food subsidies, while predicted nest survival was 5% greater for birds with access to supplemental insects (probability of nest success = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.77–0.81) when compared to birds without (0.74, 95% CI = 0.72–0.75). Clutch size of Eastern Bluebirds did not differ between birds with and without access to supplemental insects. For chickadees, supplemental feeding (of seeds, suet, insects, or fruit) was not correlated with phenology, clutch size, or nest survival. <span>Our results suggest that supplemental feeding of insects can be an effective tool for increasing nest survival in Eastern Bluebirds and potentially other food-limited insectivores. However, the efficacy of supplemental feeding for improving reproductive success varies across <a>taxa</a></span><span>. </span>Our results can help elucidate how wild bird feeding contributes to global phenomena such as earlier nesting, nest survival, and population <a>change</a>.</p>
Consistent apparent adult survival and nest-site fidelity of Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada over a 40-year period
<p>Reliable estimates of adult survival for many shorebird species are lacking. We used Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) methods to provide an estimate of apparent, or local, survival (φ) of a population of Whimbrels, <em>Numenius phaeopus</em>, breeding in the subarctic Churchill, Manitoba region. We used data collected in two time periods: 1973–1976 and 2010–2014. We also quantified nest-site fidelity in 2010–2014 to provide context to our apparent survival estimates because mark-recapture analyses cannot distinguish between mortality and permanent emigration. The most parsimonious CJS model did not include effects of sex or time on apparent adult survival in either period (φ = 0.76 ± 0.13 SE; φ = 0.75 ± 0.04 SE, 1973 – 1976 and 2010 – 2014, respectively). Additionally, observations of marked Whimbrels between 2010 and 2019 (n = 124) showed that 61 of the 105 marked individuals (58.1%) were resighted. These estimates of return rates are, as expected, much lower than estimates of apparent survival. The median year-to-year distance between nests (n = 139) from 2010 to 2014 was 198 ± 88 m SE and did not differ significantly (<em>p</em> = 0.84) between females (<em>x</em> ̅ = 721.9 ± 119.8 m SE) and males (<em>x</em> ̅ = 720.3 ± 83.1 m SE). If our apparent survival estimate is indicative of true survivorship, then adult mortality during the nonbreeding season has remained constant over the last five decades, implying that the recent decline in Whimbrel populations may stem largely from reduced fecundity, including egg or juvenile survival, rather than primarily from reduced adult survival.</p>
Habitat-driven vulnerability to nest predation in Arctic-breeding plovers based on artificial nest experiment and real shorebird nest monitoring – Survival dataset
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Supporting data for assessing impacts of satellite GPS transmitters on survival, nesting propensity, and nest success of greater sage-grouse
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Data from: An invasive insect, hemlock woolly adelgid, indirectly impacts Louisiana Waterthrush nest site selection and nest survival in the southern Appalachians
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Large-scale supplemental feeding alters lay date and nest survival in Eastern Bluebirds but not in two species of chickadees
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An organizing feature of bumble bee life history: worker emergence promotes queen reproduction and survival in young nests
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Caribbean Roseate Tern nest survival and monitoring data
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Data from: Upland Sandpipers select for later time since fire and experience high nest survival in grasslands managed with patch-burn grazing
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Early nest initiation and vegetation density enhance nest survival in Wild Turkeys
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Consistent apparent adult survival and nest-site fidelity of Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada over a 40-year period
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Data from: Timing of vegetation sampling does not influence associations between visual obstruction and turkey nest survival in a montane forest
Evaluating relationships between ecological processes that occur concurrently is complicated by the potential for such processes to covary. Ground-nesting birds rely on habitat characteristics that provide concealment from predators; this protection often is provided by vegetation at the nest. Recently, researchers have raised concern that measuring vegetation at nest fate introduces a bias, as vegetation at successful nests is measured later in the growing season. This bias can lead to an erroneous conclusion that plant height is positively associated with nest survival. However, if the features that provide concealment are invariant during the incubation period, no bias should be expected, and the timing of measurement is less influential. We used data collected from 98 nests to evaluate whether there is evidence that such a bias exists in a study of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) nesting in a forest ecosystem. We modelled nest survival as a function of visual obstruction and other covariates of interest. At unsuccessful nests, we collected visual obstruction readings at both the date of nest failure and the projected hatch date and compared survival estimates generated using both sets of vegetation data. In contrast to studies in other systems, we found little evidence that the timing of vegetation sampling influenced conclusions regarding the association between visual obstruction and survival; model selection and estimates of nest survival were similar regardless of when vegetation data were collected. The dominant hiding cover at most of our nests was provided by evergreen shrubs; slow growth of these plants likely prevent appreciable changes in visual obstruction during incubation. When considered with a growing body of literature, our results suggest that the influence of timing of sampling depends on the study system. When designing future studies, investigators should consider the structures that provide nest concealment and whether phenology is confounded with nest survival.
Data from: Incubation recess behaviors influence nest survival of Wild Turkeys
<p>In ground nesting upland birds, reproductive activities contribute to elevated predation risk, so females presumably use multiple strategies to ensure nest success. Identification of drivers reducing predation risk have primarily focused on evaluating vegetative conditions at nest sites, but behavioral decisions manifested through movements during incubation may be additional drivers of nest survival. However, our understanding of how movements during incubation impact nest survival is limited for most ground nesting birds. Using GPS data collected from female Eastern Wild Turkeys (<i>n</i> = 206), we evaluated nest survival as it relates to movement behaviors during incubation, including recess frequency, distance traveled during recesses, and habitat selection during recess movements. We identified 9,361 movements off nests and 6,529 recess events based on approximately 62,065 hours of incubation data, and estimated mean nest attentiveness of 84.0%. Numbers of recesses taken daily were variable across females (range: 1‒7). Nest survival modeling indicated that increased cumulative distance moved during recesses each day was the primary driver of positive daily nest survival. Our results suggest behavioral decisions are influencing trade-offs between nest survival and adult female survival during incubation to reduce predation risk, specifically through adjustments to distances traveled during recesses.</p>
Data from: Impact of brood parasitism and predation on nest survival of the fan-tailed gerygone in New Caledonia
<p>Predation and brood parasitism are common reasons for nesting failure in passerine species and the additive impact by invasive species is a major conservation concern, particularly on tropical islands. Recognising the relative contribution of the different components of nesting failure rates is important to understand co-evolutionary interactions within brood parasite-host systems. In the remote archipelago of New Caledonia, the fan-tailed gerygone <i>Gerygone flavolateralis</i> is the exclusive host of the brood-parasitic shining bronze-cuckoo <i>Chalcites lucidus</i>. Additionally, invasive rodents also possibly have an impact on breeding success. To estimate the impact of potential nest predators, we 1) video monitored nests to identify predators, 2) estimated the probability of predation based on nest visibility and predator abundance and 3) tested the possibility that the location of experimental nests and lack of odour cues decrease the predation by rodents. In addition, we estimated nest survival rates using data collected in different habitats over the course of 8 breeding seasons. Nesting success of fan-tailed gerygone was relatively low and predation was the main cause of nesting failure. We recorded mainly predation by native birds, including the shining bronze-cuckoo, whereas predation by rats was rare. In open habitats predation by cuckoos was much lower than predation by other avian predators. Neither predator activity around nests nor nest visibility influenced the probability of predation. Experimental nests in more accessible locations and containing an odorous bait were more exposed to rodent predation. Apparently, the fan-tailed gerygone has either never been specifically vulnerable to predation by rats or has developed anti-predator adaptations.</p>
Data from: Nest survival modeling using a multi-species approach in forests managed for timber and biofuel feedstock
1. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) intercropping is a novel forest management practice for biomass production intended to generate cellulosic feedstocks within intensively managed loblolly pine-dominated landscapes. These pine plantations are important for early-successional bird species, as short rotation times continually maintain early successional habitat. We tested the efficacy of using community models compared to individual surrogate species models in understanding influences on nest survival. We analysed nest data to test for differences in habitat use for 14 bird species in plots managed for switchgrass intercropping and controls within loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations in Mississippi, USA. 2. We adapted hierarchical models using hyper-parameters to incorporate information from both common and rare species to understand community-level nest survival. This approach incorporates rare species that are often discarded due to low sample sizes, but can inform community-level demographic parameter estimates. We illustrate use of this approach in generating both species-level and community-wide estimates of daily survival rates for songbird nests. We were able to include rare species with low sample size (minimum n = 5) to inform a hyper-prior, allowing us to estimate effects of covariates on daily survival at the community level, then compare this with a single-species approach using surrogate species. Using single species models, we were unable to generate estimates below a sample size of 21 nests per species. 3. Community model species-level survival and parameter estimates were similar to those generated by five single species models, with improved precision in community model parameters. 4. Covariates of nest placement indicated that switchgrass at the nest site (< 4 m) reduced daily nest survival, although intercropping at the forest stand level increased daily nest survival. 5. Synthesis and applications. Community models represent a viable method for estimating community nest survival rates and effects of covariates while incorporating limited data for rarely detected species. Intercropping switchgrass in loblolly pine plantations slightly increased daily nest survival at the research plot scale (0.1 km2), although at a local scale (50 m2) switchgrass negatively influenced nest survival. A likely explanation supported by previous research is intercropping shifted community composition, favouring species with greater disturbance tolerance.
Data from: Finer-scale habitat predicts nest survival in grassland birds more than management and landscape: a multi-scale perspective
1. Birds may respond to habitat at multiple scales, ranging from microhabitat structure to landscape composition. North American grassland bird distributions predominantly reside on private lands, and populations have been consistently declining. Many of these lands are enrolled in U.S. federal conservation programmes, and properly guided management policies could alleviate declines. However, more evaluative research is needed on the effects of management policies juxtaposed with other multi-scale habitat features. Furthermore, research focused on nest survival is arguably more valuable because habitat associations with avian densities can sometimes be deceptive. 2. We investigated nest survival of a grassland facultative (red-winged blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus) an obligate species (dickcissel, Spiza americana), and two nesting communities (ground and above-ground nesters) relative to management and multi-scale habitat (nest-site characteristics, in-field microhabitat, patch metrics, and landscape context). Our study was conducted on private lands in Illinois (2011-2014) and directly linked to policy-based management (disking, herbicidal spraying, spray/interseeding) and landowner decisions. 3. Multi-scale models explained more variation in nest survival compared to single scales or management in three of four analyses (blackbirds, dickcissels, and above-ground nesters). Finer-scale habitat variables, such as nest-site characteristics, were more often in top and among the competitive models relative to landscape factors. 4. Compared with other management types, disking (i.e. tractor-pulled disc harrows removed approximately 50% of vegetation) displayed distinct effects and positively influenced nest survival in above-ground nesters. Also, greater proportions of a field managed cumulatively and yearly, regardless of type, generally improved nest survival for dickcissels and above-ground nesters. All groups except above-ground nesters had generally higher nest survival in native grass fields. 5. Synthesis and applications. Habitat practitioners can improve nest survival for certain grassland birds by directly affecting infield-microhabitat vegetation and structure. However, characteristics associated with specific nest locations often drive nest survival. We suggest habitat managers and agency staff promote native grass practices and management, such as disking, to enhance nest survival of grassland bird populations. Management will likely be most effective in favourable unfragmented grassland landscapes with less surrounding forested areas, which also promote other important responses (e.g. colonization and persistence) of target species.
The abundance of small mammals is positively linked to survival from nest depredation but negatively linked to local recruitment of a ground nesting precocial bird
<p>Generalist predators using small mammals as their primary prey are suggested to shift hunting alternative prey such as bird nests, when small mammals are in short supply (the alternative prey hypothesis, APH). Nest survival and survival of young individuals should be positively linked to small mammal abundance and negatively linked to predator abundance, but little information exists from survival of chicks, especially until recruitment. We test these predictions of the APH using 13 years (2002-2014) of life history data from a ground nesting shorebird breeding on coastal meadows. We use small mammal abundance in the previous autumn as a proxy for spring predator abundance, mainly of mammalian predators. We examine whether small mammal abundance in the spring and previous autumn explain annual variation in nest survival from depredation and local recruitment of the southern dunlin Calidris alpina schinzii. As predicted by the APH, survival from nest predation was positively linked to spring small mammal abundance and negatively linked to autumn small mammal abundance. Importantly, local recruitment showed opposite responses. This counterintuitive result may be explained by density dependent survival. When nest depredation rates are low, predators may show stronger numerical and functional responses to high shorebird chick abundance on coastal meadows, whereas in years of high nest depredation, few hatching chicks lure fewer predators. The opposite effects on nest and local recruitment demonstrate the diverse mechanisms by which population size variation in primary prey can affect dynamics of alternative prey populations.</p>
Figure 2 in Nest survival of black-backed water tyrant Fluvicola albiventer in relation to nest morphometry and nest site features
Figure 2. Nest site, nest, eggs and chicks of the black-backed water tyrant Fluvicola albiventer during three breeding seasons (2016–2019) in a wetland of Argentina. (a) A nesting site near the water, (b) a nest in Solanum glaucophyllum, (c) eggs found in October 2018, (d) 5-day-old chicks found in January 2018, and (e) 9-day-old chick found in November 2016.
Figure 1 in Nest survival of black-backed water tyrant Fluvicola albiventer in relation to nest morphometry and nest site features
Figure 1. Monthly temporal distribution of black-backed water tyrant Fluvicola albiventer nests in a wetland of central Argentina (2016–2019 breeding seasons).
Data from: Vegetation phenology and nest survival: diagnosing heterogeneous effects through time
Birds should select nest sites that minimize predation risk, but understanding the influence of vegetation on nest survival has proven problematic. Specifically, the common practice of measuring vegetation on nest fate date can overestimate its effect on survival, simply because vegetation at hatched nests grows for a longer period of time than vegetation at nests that were depredated. Here, we sampled the literature to determine the prevalence of this bias in studies of duck breeding ecology. We then used survival data collected from ~2,800 duck nests to empirically evaluate evidence of bias in four different vegetation metrics: vegetation density measured when the nest was found, density when the nest was fated, and date-corrected regression residuals of these two. We also diagnosed the magnitude of vegetation effects on nest survival by restricting analysis to only nests which were fated contemporaneously (thereby removing potential bias in the timing of measurement). Finally, we examined whether systematic phenological differences exist between vegetation at hatched and depredated nests that have the potential to further obfuscate the relationship between vegetation and nest survival. We found evidence for a true positive effect of vegetation density on nest survival that appeared to be inflated when using raw vegetation measurements collected at fate date. However, taken in combination with the literature review, our results suggest that the majority of duck nesting studies have evaluated the role of vegetation on nest survival using a relatively less biased metric—vegetation density when the nest was found. Finally, we found that over the course of a nesting attempt, vegetation increased in density at successful nests, but decreased in density at depredated nests. This seasonal change potentially points to an important new metric for understanding predation risk, but further experimental research is required to fully eliminate potential biases in the timing of vegetation measurements.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.