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190 results for “ovipositor”
PLATE IIB. Paratrigonidium Brunner, 1893. (A–E), Paratrigonidium nitidum Brunner, 1893: A, Male elytra membranous & harpvein only one; B, Palpi long, yellowish, fifth joint of maxillary palpi long, feebly widening at apex; C, Lateral field of tegmina inmale blackish, presenting 3 parallel veins and the fourth incomplete; D, The hind femur with a feeble brownish band/stripe; E, The female ovipositor fulvous at base, darkened in the middle. Trigonidium Rambur, 1839. (F–I), Trigonidium humbertianum (Saussure, 1878): F, Anterior tibiae with tympanum on both sides; G, Fifth joint of maxillary palpi large and triangular; H, Female ovipositor curved, compressed, acute at apex; I, Male sub-genital plate feebly notched at apex. in JHABAR MAL, RAJENDRA NAGAR & R. SWAMINATHAN (2014) Record of Natula matsuurai Sugimoto (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae) and other sword-tailed crickets from India. Zootaxa, 3760(3): 458-462.
PLATE IIB. Paratrigonidium Brunner, 1893. (A–E), Paratrigonidium nitidum Brunner, 1893: A, Male elytra membranous & harpvein only one; B, Palpi long, yellowish, fifth joint of maxillary palpi long, feebly widening at apex; C, Lateral field of tegmina inmale blackish, presenting 3 parallel veins and the fourth incomplete; D, The hind femur with a feeble brownish band/stripe; E, The female ovipositor fulvous at base, darkened in the middle. Trigonidium Rambur, 1839. (F–I), Trigonidium humbertianum (Saussure, 1878): F, Anterior tibiae with tympanum on both sides; G, Fifth joint of maxillary palpi large and triangular; H, Female ovipositor curved, compressed, acute at apex; I, Male sub-genital plate feebly notched at apex.
PLATE IIA. Paratrigonidium Brunner, 1893. (A–K), Paratrigonidium nitidum Brunner, 1893: A–B, Male and female black, shining;the male with membranous elytra, while female elytra corneous, convex with plain, longitudinal veins. Vertex flattened and sloping; C, Head wide and black; antenae yellow with first joint black; D, Pronotum black, pubescent; E, Palpi long, yellowish, fifth joint of maxillary palpi long, feebly widening at apex; F, Tympanum external; G, Male elytra membranous; H, The hind femurwith a feeble brownish band/stripe; I, Legs yellowish; J, Lateral field of tegmina in male blackish, presenting 3 parallel veins andthe fourth incomplete; K, The female ovipositor fulvous at base, darkened in the middle, cerci long. in JHABAR MAL, RAJENDRA NAGAR & R. SWAMINATHAN (2014) Record of Natula matsuurai Sugimoto (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae) and other sword-tailed crickets from India. Zootaxa, 3760(3): 458-462.
PLATE IIA. Paratrigonidium Brunner, 1893. (A–K), Paratrigonidium nitidum Brunner, 1893: A–B, Male and female black, shining;the male with membranous elytra, while female elytra corneous, convex with plain, longitudinal veins. Vertex flattened and sloping; C, Head wide and black; antenae yellow with first joint black; D, Pronotum black, pubescent; E, Palpi long, yellowish, fifth joint of maxillary palpi long, feebly widening at apex; F, Tympanum external; G, Male elytra membranous; H, The hind femurwith a feeble brownish band/stripe; I, Legs yellowish; J, Lateral field of tegmina in male blackish, presenting 3 parallel veins andthe fourth incomplete; K, The female ovipositor fulvous at base, darkened in the middle, cerci long.
PLATE IVB. Metioche Stal, 1877. (A–G), Metioche japonica (Ichikawa, 2001): A, Eyes rounded, large and widely separated; B,Antennae: Scape and pedicel dark black, flagellum light in colour; C, Shape of last segment of maxillary palpi-securiform; D, Female sub-genital plate triangular; E, Male sub-genital plate; F, Male genitalia; G, Female ovipositor upturned, sabre shaped; apexsharp with teeth on ventre. in JHABAR MAL, RAJENDRA NAGAR & R. SWAMINATHAN (2014) Record of Natula matsuurai Sugimoto (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae) and other sword-tailed crickets from India. Zootaxa, 3760(3): 458-462.
PLATE IVB. Metioche Stal, 1877. (A–G), Metioche japonica (Ichikawa, 2001): A, Eyes rounded, large and widely separated; B,Antennae: Scape and pedicel dark black, flagellum light in colour; C, Shape of last segment of maxillary palpi-securiform; D, Female sub-genital plate triangular; E, Male sub-genital plate; F, Male genitalia; G, Female ovipositor upturned, sabre shaped; apexsharp with teeth on ventre.
PLATE IB. Natula Gorochov, 1987. (A–K), Natula matsuurai (Sugimoto, 2001): A, Head; B, Maxillary palpi; C, Second tarsal segment; D, Tympanum on fore tibia; E, Forewing lateral view showing longitudinal veins; F, Hind femur without stripe; G, Male Forewing mirror longer than wide; H, Female sub-genital plate triangular; I, Male sub-genital plate longer than wide, hind margin with a small projected median lobe; J, Hind tibial spines (3 pairs) on both sides; K, Ovipositor upcurved with a dorsal groove in JHABAR MAL, RAJENDRA NAGAR & R. SWAMINATHAN (2014) Record of Natula matsuurai Sugimoto (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae) and other sword-tailed crickets from India. Zootaxa, 3760(3): 458-462.
PLATE IB. Natula Gorochov, 1987. (A–K), Natula matsuurai (Sugimoto, 2001): A, Head; B, Maxillary palpi; C, Second tarsal segment; D, Tympanum on fore tibia; E, Forewing lateral view showing longitudinal veins; F, Hind femur without stripe; G, Male Forewing mirror longer than wide; H, Female sub-genital plate triangular; I, Male sub-genital plate longer than wide, hind margin with a small projected median lobe; J, Hind tibial spines (3 pairs) on both sides; K, Ovipositor upcurved with a dorsal groove
PLATE IA. Natula Gorochov, 1987. (A–L), Natula matsuurai (Sugimoto, 2001): A, Male; B, Female; C, Face with a transverse dark strip near epistomal suture; D, Fifth joint of maxillary palpi hatchet shaped; E, Lateral field of tegmina deeper than lateral lobe of pronotum; F, Hind tibia with 3 pairs of dorsal spines on both sides but largest inner apical spurs as long as or half of basitarsus; G, Fore tibia with oval shaped outer and inner tympanum; H, Harp vein only one, Mirror area occupying half dorsal surface, not divided with a small concentric inner veinlet; I, Pronotum with roundly convex anterior margin; J, Female ovipositor strongly upcurved, half as long as hind femur, three fifth area from base widened and bumpy, with a dorsal groove, cerci as long as ovipositor; K, Male sub-genital plate longer than wide, hind margin narrowly truncated with a small projected median lobe, two styli present; L, Female sub-genital plate roundly triangular. in JHABAR MAL, RAJENDRA NAGAR & R. SWAMINATHAN (2014) Record of Natula matsuurai Sugimoto (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae) and other sword-tailed crickets from India. Zootaxa, 3760(3): 458-462.
PLATE IA. Natula Gorochov, 1987. (A–L), Natula matsuurai (Sugimoto, 2001): A, Male; B, Female; C, Face with a transverse dark strip near epistomal suture; D, Fifth joint of maxillary palpi hatchet shaped; E, Lateral field of tegmina deeper than lateral lobe of pronotum; F, Hind tibia with 3 pairs of dorsal spines on both sides but largest inner apical spurs as long as or half of basitarsus; G, Fore tibia with oval shaped outer and inner tympanum; H, Harp vein only one, Mirror area occupying half dorsal surface, not divided with a small concentric inner veinlet; I, Pronotum with roundly convex anterior margin; J, Female ovipositor strongly upcurved, half as long as hind femur, three fifth area from base widened and bumpy, with a dorsal groove, cerci as long as ovipositor; K, Male sub-genital plate longer than wide, hind margin narrowly truncated with a small projected median lobe, two styli present; L, Female sub-genital plate roundly triangular.
Figure 2 in The occurrence and phylogenetic implications of the ovipositor clip within the Figitidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)
Figure 2. Electron micrographs of the ovipositor clip of Trybliographa (Eucoilinae). (A) Overview, ventral side; (B) enlargment of boxed area in (A). 2vlv, second valvulae; L, lobe; LL, lateral lip; Se, sensillae; T, teeth. Scale bar: 10 Mm.
Figure 5 in The occurrence and phylogenetic implications of the ovipositor clip within the Figitidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)
Figure 5. Examples of the ovipositor clip within Eucoilinae. (A) Aganaspis daci (Weld); (B) Leptopilina; (C) Dieucoila; (D) Nordlandiella; (E) ''Eucoila'' impatiens Say; (F) Odontosema anastrephae Kieffer; (G) Ganaspis mundata Foerster; (H) Triplasta; (I) Glauraspidia; (J) Trybliographa; (K) Kleidotoma; (L) Aporeucoela. 2 vlv, fused ovipositor valve.
Figure 1 in The occurrence and phylogenetic implications of the ovipositor clip within the Figitidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)
Figure 1. Electron micrographs of the ovipositor clip of Neralsia (Figitinae). (A) Overview of ovipositor tip, lateral side; (B) enlargement of boxed area in (A). 1vlv, first valvulae; 2vlv, second valvulae; L, lobe; S, slot, Ser, apical serration. Scale bar: 10 Mm.
Figure 4 in The occurrence and phylogenetic implications of the ovipositor clip within the Figitidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)
Figure 4. Examples of the ovipositor clip present within Figitinae. (A) Neralsia; (B) Amphithectus; (C) Trischiza; (D) Xyalophora. The viewing angle in (B) is dorsal and not lateral; the asterisk and lines are meant to delineate the extent of the clip. 2 vlv, fused ovipositor valve.
Figure 7 in The occurrence and phylogenetic implications of the ovipositor clip within the Figitidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)
Figure 7. Presence of the ovipositor clip mapped on to two possible cladograms for relationships of Figitidae (from Buffington et al. forthcoming). (A) Parsimony analysis; (B) Bayesian analysis. Numbers next to terminal names indicate the number of taxa sampled. Letters in boxes at tree tips refer to niche type in which the host is attacked: C, concealed; S, semi-concealed; E, exposed; G, gall inducer/inquilline;?, unknown. Black bars indicate clades for which all members possess the ovipositor clip. ''+ACC'' indicates presence of character based on ACCTRAN optimization; ''+ DEL'' indicates presence of character based on DELTRAN optimization (Swofford and Maddison 1987).
Figure 3 in The occurrence and phylogenetic implications of the ovipositor clip within the Figitidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)
Figure 3. Examples of Figitidae that lack the ovipositor clip. (A–C) Anacharitinae: (A) Aegilips, (B) Xyalaspis, (C) Anacharis; (D, E) Aspicerinae: (D) Melanips; (E) Callaspidea; (F) Charipinae (Alloxysta); (G) Emargininae (Thoreauella); (H) Thrasorinae (Euceroptres). 2 vlv, fused ovipositor valve.
Figures 76–86. Melaloncha spp., ovipositors. Figs 76–80 in Revision of the subgenus Udamochiras of Melaloncha beekilling flies (Diptera: Phoridae: Metopininae)
Figures 76–86. Melaloncha spp., ovipositors. Figs 76–80: dorsal. Figs 81–86: left lateral. Fig. 85 additionally shows details of abdominal segment 6, intersegment 7–8 and stylet.
Figures 87–97. Melaloncha spp., ovipositors. Fig. 87 in Revision of the subgenus Udamochiras of Melaloncha beekilling flies (Diptera: Phoridae: Metopininae)
Figures 87–97. Melaloncha spp., ovipositors. Fig. 87, dorsal and left lateral. Figs 88–91, dorsal. Figs 92–97, left lateral.
Figure 2 in Inferring life history from ovipositor morphology in parasitoid wasps using phylogenetic regression and discriminant analysis
Figure 2. Distal part of ovipositor of the four parasitoid species whose life history is unknown, plus a selection of species whose life history is known. The complete ovipositor of the four species is also shown in profile, drawn relative to the width of the head of the species. Species with known life history are as follows (see Tables 1 and 2 for full names and classification). Endoparasitoids: host is exposed – a Aleiodes, b Zele, c Mesoleptus, d Megastylus, e Ophion, f Microgaster; host is leafminer – g Dacnusa, h Sathon; host is under fruit skin – i Pristomerus; host is in decaying fruit – j Asobara; wasp probes for deeply concealed host – k Orgilus, l Rhimphoctona, m Eubazus; host is stem-borer – n Collyria; host is gall-former – o Orthopelma. Ectoparasitoids: wasp probes for deeply concealed host – p Pseudorhyssa, q Stenobracon; host is leaf-miner – r Colastes; wasp bores for deeply concealed host – s Coeloides.
Figure 4 in Inferring life history from ovipositor morphology in parasitoid wasps using phylogenetic regression and discriminant analysis
Figure 4. Plots of biology vs. phylogenetic regression (PR) estimates of biology for the taxa where the biology is known; results from the three best PR models shown. State 0 = taxa are ectoparasitoids and state 1 = taxa are endoparasitoids. Philomacroploea and Mesoleptus, which are wrongly classified with PR, are indicated. The characters used in the models (U, P and H) are explained in Table 3. Estimates are derived as follows: PR (U) = (0.5281 + 0.8821) ¥ (U - 4730). PR (U + P) = 0.5144 + 1.001 ¥ (U - 0.4617) + 0.1531 ¥ (P - 0.1531). PR (U + P + H) = 0.4948 + 0.9818 ¥ (U - 0.4456) + 0.7428 ¥ (P - 0.1571) - 10.17 ¥ (H - 0.0054).
Data from: The ovipositor actuation mechanism of a parasitic wasp and its functional implications
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Parasitic wasps use specialized needle-like structures—ovipositors—to drill in substrates to reach hidden hosts. The external ovipositor (terebra) consists of three interconnected, sliding elements (valvulae) which are moved reciprocally during insertion. This presumably reduces the required pushing force on the terebra and limits the risk of damage whilst probing. Although this is an important mechanism, it is still not completely understood how the actuation of the valvulae is achieved, and it has only been studied with the ovipositor in rest position. Additionally, very little is known about the magnitude of the forces generated during probing. We used synchrotron X-ray microtomography to reconstruct the actuation mechanism of the parasitic wasp <i>Diachasmimorpha longicaudata</i> (Braconidae) in four distinct phases of the probing cycle. We show that only the paired first valvulae of the terebra move independently, while the second valvula moves with the metasoma ('abdomen'). The first valvula movements are initiated by rotation of one chitin plate (first valvifer) with respect to another such plate (second valvifer). This is achieved indirectly by muscles connecting the non-rotating second valvifer and the abdominal ninth tergite. Unlike previously reported, we found muscle fibres running inside the terebra, although their function remains unclear. The estimated maximal forces that can be exerted by the first valvulae are small (protraction 1.19 mN and retraction 0.874 mN), which reduces the risk of buckling but are sufficient for successful probing. The small net forces of the valvulae on the substrate may still lead to buckling of the terebra; we show that the sheaths surrounding the valvulae prevent this by effectively increasing the diameter and second moment of area of the terebra. Our findings improve the comprehension of hymenopteran probing mechanisms, the function of the associated muscles, and the forces and damage limiting mechanism that are involved in drilling a slender terebra into a substrate.</p>
Figure 6. - Female of Teredoruscombfemorus sp. n.: A frontal view of head B ventral view of subgenital plate C lateral view of head and anterior pronotum D dorsal view of head and anterior pronotum E lateral view of ovipositor F lateral view of fore femur G lateral view of mid femur. Scale bars A, C–G: 1.0 mm, B: 0.5 mm.
Figure 6. - Female of Teredoruscombfemorus sp. n.: A frontal view of head B ventral view of subgenital plate C lateral view of head and anterior pronotum D dorsal view of head and anterior pronotum E lateral view of ovipositor F lateral view of fore femur G lateral view of mid femur. Scale bars A, C–G: 1.0 mm, B: 0.5 mm.
Figure 4. - Female of Teredoruschiangraiensis sp. n.: A dorsal view of head and anterior pronotum B frontal view of head C ventral view of subgenital plate D lateral view of head and anterior pronotum E lateral view of ovipositor. Scale bars A–B, D–E: 1.0 mm, C: 0.5 mm.
Figure 4. - Female of Teredoruschiangraiensis sp. n.: A dorsal view of head and anterior pronotum B frontal view of head C ventral view of subgenital plate D lateral view of head and anterior pronotum E lateral view of ovipositor. Scale bars A–B, D–E: 1.0 mm, C: 0.5 mm.
Figure 2. - Female of Hedotettixtriangularis sp. n.: A frontal view of head B dorsal view of head and anterior pronotum C ventral view of subgenital plate D lateral view of head and anterior pronotum E lateral view of ovipositor. Scale bars: A–B, D–E:1.0 mm, C: 0.5 mm.
Figure 2. - Female of Hedotettixtriangularis sp. n.: A frontal view of head B dorsal view of head and anterior pronotum C ventral view of subgenital plate D lateral view of head and anterior pronotum E lateral view of ovipositor. Scale bars: A–B, D–E:1.0 mm, C: 0.5 mm.
Figure 10. - Maximum-likelihood phylogeny of Epicephala species based on sequences of the COI, ArgK and EF1α genes. Numbers above nodes are maximum-likelihood bootstrap support values based on 1,000 replications. The Japanese Epicephala species are marked in blue. Symbols right to species names donate ovipositor morphology: inverted U-shape, rounded apically; inverted V-shape, acute apically.
Figure 10. - Maximum-likelihood phylogeny of Epicephala species based on sequences of the COI, ArgK and EF1α genes. Numbers above nodes are maximum-likelihood bootstrap support values based on 1,000 replications. The Japanese Epicephala species are marked in blue. Symbols right to species names donate ovipositor morphology: inverted U-shape, rounded apically; inverted V-shape, acute apically.
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