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1,335 results for “oxidative stress”
Figure 4 in Evaluation of nickel-induced brain injuries in rats via oxidative stress and apoptosis: attenuating effects of hyperoside
Figure 4. Morphology and location of PAS granules of brain tissues of control (A), Hyp-treated (B), Ni-treated (C), and Ni + Hyp-treated (D) rats. Homogeneous PAS staining was observed in the control group (A) and the Hyp-treated (B) groups. Clusters of granules shown inside square (C) and by black arrow (D), respectively (200× magnification).
Figure 3 in Evaluation of nickel-induced brain injuries in rats via oxidative stress and apoptosis: attenuating effects of hyperoside
Figure 3. Histological views of brain tissues of control (A), Hyp-treated (B), Ni-treated (C), and Ni + Hyp-treated (D) rats. Small blood vessels (BV) from pia mater penetrate the cerebral cortex substance pyramidal cells (PC) with apical dendrites closely associated with smaller, round glial cells (GC) (A and B). Perivascular inflammation around a blood vessel (inside square) (C) and perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrates in hematoxylin and eosin-stained brain tissue (D) (200× magnification).
Figure 5 in Evaluation of nickel-induced brain injuries in rats via oxidative stress and apoptosis: attenuating effects of hyperoside
Figure 5. Brain tissues of control (A) and Hyp (B) groups were negative for Congo red. Amyloid deposits in brain parenchyma and around blood vessels shown inside square (C) and marked by black arrows (D) (200× magnification). Differences in measured parameters among the groups were analyzed with a nonparametric test (Kruskal–Wallis). Dual comparisons between groups exhibiting significant values were evaluated with a Mann–Whitney U test (P <0.05).
Figure 1 in Evaluation of nickel-induced brain injuries in rats via oxidative stress and apoptosis: attenuating effects of hyperoside
Figure 1. Effect of Ni administration on body weight gain. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) (n = 7). a Significant differences between other studied groups and control (a4 P <0.0001). b Significant differences between other groups studied and Hyp group (b1 P <0.05, b4 P <0.0001). c Significant differences between other groups studied and Ni + Hyp group (c3 P <0.001) by Tukey's multiple range tests.
Figure 1 in DNA damage, oxidative stress, decreased viability and motility in common carp (Cyprinuscarpio L.) spermatozoa induced by tryptophan, phenylalanine and cysteine amino acids during short-term storage
Figure 1. Effect of tryptophan (T), phenylalanine (P), cysteine (C) at concentrations of 1, 5, 25, and 50 mM on DNA fragmentation of common carp (Cyprinuscarpio L.) spermatozoa at 6 (a), 24 (b), and 48 (c) h.
Figure 3 in Short-time salinity fluctuations are strong activators of oxidative stress in Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)
Figure 3. Short-time salinity fluctuations promote ROS formation in hemocytes. Mussels were acclimated to high (24 - 40 ‰, HS) and low (6-14 ‰, LS) environmental salinity. ROS levels were analyzed based on flow cytometric measurement of fluorescence levels of hemocytes stained with DCF-DA. Bars indicate mean±SE. Results were considered significant when p<0.05 by Mann-Whitney test (n=10).
Figure 5 in Short-time salinity fluctuations are strong activators of oxidative stress in Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)
Figure 5. Activity of the antioxidant enzymes in gills of mussels following exposure to short-time salinity fluctuations. Activity of SOD (a), Activity of CAT (b). Mussels were acclimated to high (24-40‰, HS) and low (6-14 ‰, LS) environmental salinity. The control group was held at 18‰. Each bar represents the mean value from 10 samples with the standard error. Results were considered significant when p<0.05 by Mann-Whitney test (n=10). (p <0.05).
Figure 2 in Short-time salinity fluctuations are strong activators of oxidative stress in Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)
Figure 2. Mortality of mussels exposed to short-time salinity fluctuations. The diagram shows the percentage of dead mussels acclimated to high (24-40 ‰, HS) and low (6-14‰, LS) environmental salinity. The control group was held at 18 ‰. Bars indicate mean±SE (n=10).
Fig. 2 in Oxidative stress biomarkers in the African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, associated with infections by adult digeneans and water quality
Fig. 2. Monthly variation of physico-chemical parameters during the fish collection period, October 2016–September 2017. A– pH; B– Electrical conductivity; C– Temperature; D– Dissolved oxygen; E– Salinity; F– Turbidity; G– Total dissolved solids.
Fig. 1 in Oxidative stress biomarkers in the African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, associated with infections by adult digeneans and water quality
Fig. 1. Various maps of the Incomati River showing the position of the sampling site. A– Mozambique shaded on the African continent; B– shows position of Maputo Province in Mozambique; C– indicates the position of the Incomati River and the sampling site.
Fig. 5 in Oxidative stress biomarkers in the African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, associated with infections by adult digeneans and water quality
Fig. 5. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of physico-chemical variables, biomarkers and parasitism in Clarias gariepinus collected in the Incomati River in Mozambique. Two principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained 45.45% of the total variation between water variables, biomarkers and occurrence of parasites. The EC, TDS and salinity (SAL) are associated with Component 1 while LPX, CAT, SOD, turbidity (TB) and temperature (T) are negatively associated with these variables. CI = co-infection; IM = M. nkomatiensis intensity; IG = G. pedatum intensity, UN = uninfected.
Dataset for "Diets supplemented with Saccharina latissima influence the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and oxidative stress modulating rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillet composition" (doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2020.111332)
<p>Dataset corresponding to the following article:</p> <p>Ferreira, M., Larsen, B.K., Granby, K., Cunha, S.C., Monteiro, C., Fernandes, J.O., Nunes, M.L., Marques, A., Dias, J., Cunha, I., Castro, L.F.C., Valente, L.M.P., 2020. Diets supplemented with <em>Saccharina latissima </em>influence the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and oxidative stress modulating rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) fillet composition. Food Chem. Toxicol. 140, 111332. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2020.111332">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2020.111332</a></p>
Fig. 1 in Oxidative stress biomarkers and aggressive behavior in fish exposed to aquatic cadmium contamination
Fig. 1. Effects of cadmium exposure on aggressiveness parameters of Nile tilapia. Values are means (± SD). * = Statistically different from control.
Supplementary data to publication "Abomasal infusion of essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid during late pregnancy and early lactation affects immunohematological and oxidative stress markers in dairy cows"
<p>Supplementary data to publication "Abomasal infusion of essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid during late pregnancy and early lactation affects immunohematological and oxidative stress markers in dairy cows" in Journal of Dairy Science; DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-22514">https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-22514</a></p>
Young male blackcaps with blood parasite coinfections cope with oxidative stress favouring anthocyanin-rich food during migratory fattening
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Raw data related to: Randomised Clinical Trial: Calorie Restriction Regimen with Tomato Juice Supplementation Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Preserves a Proper Immune Surveillance Modulating Mitochondrial Bioenergetics of T-Lymphocytes in Obese Children Affected by Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Fatty liver disease is a serious complication of childhood obesity. Calorie-restricted regimen (RCR) is one of the e ective therapy for this condition. Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of lycopene-rich tomato sauce with oregano and basil extracts in obese children with fatty liver on RCR. 61 obese children with fatty liver were enrolled, 52 completed the study. A randomized cross over clinical trial was performed. Participants were assigned to RCR alone or with a supplement of lycopene-rich tomato juice for 60 days; subsequently, the groups were switched to the alternative regimen for the next 60 days. Reduction in BMI, HOMA-IR, cholesterol, triglycerides, liver size, and steatosis was more profound in tomato-supplemented group. Leptin decreased in both groups whereas adiponectin raised only after tomato supplementation. RCR is associated with the impaired engagement of T-cells glycolysis and proliferation, tomato-supplementation resulted in glycolytic metabolic activation of T-cells. Tomato juice ameliorates glucose and lipid metabolism in obese children, improve oxidative and inflammatory state and modulates the mitochondrial metabolism of T-cells contributing to a maintenance of a proper immune surveillance in children, impaired by RCR. The addition of tomato to RCR could be considered a protective and preventive support to obese child.</p> <p><strong>Progetto giovani ricercatori </strong>[GR-2016-02363725] dal titolo: "Immune Tolerance, Metabolism and Multiple Sclerosis: Novel Molecular Tools to Monitor Disease Pathogenesis and Progression"</p>
Data from: Live fast, die old: oxidative stress as a potential mediator of an unexpected life-history evolution
Intraspecific latitudinal patterns in life history are well documented, yet underlying mechanisms of such patterns are poorly understood. To advance our insights in the evolution of latitudinal differences in two key traits, growth rate and lifespan, we evaluated the potential costs of rapid growth in terms of reduced adult lifespan, and the mediatory role of oxidative stress. We studied latitudinal differentiation in routine and experimentally increased (compensatory) larval growth rates, and in adult lifespan under common garden conditions in low- and high-latitude populations of the damselfly <i>Ischnura elegans</i>. The low-latitude populations showed not only higher routine growth rates but also a stronger compensatory growth response after a transient food shortage compared to the high-latitude populations. In contrast with a trade-off scenario, adults of the faster growing low-latitude populations lived longer, had higher levels of antioxidant enzymes, and tended to experience lower oxidative damage. Importantly, these latitudinal patterns were largely mirrored at the treatment level, where experimentally induced compensatory growth rates were associated with neither oxidative damage nor shorter adult lifespans. Moreover, individuals with a higher growth rate after the transient food shortage did not have shorter adult lifespans or higher oxidative damage, but instead showed a stronger antioxidant defense. Our data indicate that an overcompensatory, hormetic response in antioxidant defense, potentially induced by the higher routine growth rates, resulting in less oxidative damage may underlie these unexpected growth-lifespan patterns. Our results highlight the added value of incorporating oxidative stress physiology, and the need to consider multivariate trade-offs in which animals optimize multiple traits, when studying life-history evolution.
Data from: Oxidative stress mediates rapid compensatory growth and its costs
<p>1. While oxidative stress has been hypothesized to function both as a constraint on and a cost of growth, its mediatory role in shaping life history is still highly debated. Empirical studies about the role of oxidative stress in shaping growth responses and the associated costs are scarce and the two hypotheses have never been combined in one study.</p> <p>2. By directly manipulating oxidative stress we tested its role in determining compensatory growth responses and the associated costs in the damselfly Lestes viridis. We reduced oxidative stress levels using the mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). To induce a compensatory growth response, half of the larvae in each oxidant treatment was exposed to a transient starvation period, after which food was present ad libitum.</p> <p>3. As expected, the transient starvation period induced a compensatory growth response, which was associated with increased oxidative damage and costs in terms of performance (reduced escape swimming speed) and physiology (reduced fat content). As expected, DNP exposure reduced oxidative stress and this resulted in the strongest compensatory growth response without any apparent costs and no increase in oxidative damage.</p> <p>4. By directly downregulating oxidative stress, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the level of oxidative stress predictably determines the degree of the compensatory growth response and its associated costs. Our data therefore suggest a mediatory role of oxidative stress in shaping life history.</p>
Data from: The loss of hemoglobin and myoglobin does not minimize oxidative stress in Antarctic icefishes
The unusual pattern of expression of hemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb) among Antarctic notothenioid fishes provides an exceptional model system for assessing the impact of these proteins on oxidative stress. We tested the hypothesis that the lack of oxygen-binding proteins may reduce oxidative stress. Levels and activity of pro-oxidants, small-molecule and enzymatic antioxidants, and levels of oxidized lipids and proteins in liver, oxidative skeletal muscle, and heart ventricle were quantified in five species of notothenioid fishes differing in the expression of Hb and Mb. Levels of ubiquitinated proteins and rates of protein degradation by the 20S proteasome were also quantified. Although levels of oxidized proteins and lipids, ubiquitinated proteins, and antioxidants are higher in red-blooded fishes than in Hb-less icefishes in some tissues, this pattern does not persist across all tissues. Expression of Mb is not associated with oxidative damage in heart ventricle, whereas the activity of citrate synthase and contents of heme are positively correlated with oxidative damage in most tissues. Despite some tissue differences in levels of protein carbonyls among species, rates of degradation by the 20S proteasome are not markedly different, suggesting either alternative pathways for eliminating oxidized proteins or redox tone varies among species. Together, our data indicate that the loss of Hb and Mb does not correspond with a clear pattern of either reduced oxidative defense or oxidative damage.
Data from: Maternal oxidative stress and reproduction: testing the constraint, cost and shielding hypotheses in a wild mammal
1. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a central causal mechanism underlying the life history trade-off between current and future reproduction and survival in wild animals. 2. Whereas mixed evidence suggests that maternal oxidative stress may act both as a constraint and a cost to reproduction, some studies have reported a lack of association between reproduction and maternal oxidative stress. 3. The oxidative shielding hypothesis offers an alternative explanation, suggesting that mothers may pre-emptively mitigate the oxidative costs of reproduction by increasing antioxidant defences prior to reproduction. 4. We tested the oxidative constraint, cost, and shielding hypotheses using a longitudinal field study of oxidative stress levels in a species that breeds using daily energy income, the Columbian ground squirrel (Urocitellus columbianus). 5. Elevated maternal oxidative damage prior to reproduction was associated with higher maternal investment in litter mass at birth, but not at weaning. 6. Breeding females increased their antioxidant capacity and decreased their oxidative damage from birth to lactation compared to non-breeding females measured at the same time periods. However, lower maternal oxidative stress during lactation was not associated with higher offspring survival or mass growth over this period. 7. Our results provide little evidence for maternal oxidative stress acting as a constraint on, or cost to, reproduction in Columbian ground squirrels, but partially support the idea that oxidative shielding occurred to buffer potential oxidative costs of reproduction.
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