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193 results for “pathogen resistance”

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dryad36/100

Data for: Soil cadmium stress-mediated sexual difference in phyllosphere microbiome and associated pathogen resistance of poplars

Phyllosphere associated microorganisms play a crucial role in protecting plants from diseases, while their composition and diversity are strongly influenced by heavy metal contaminants. As dioecious plants exhibited sexual dimorphism in metal accumulation and tolerance between male and female individuals, in this study we used male and female full-sibs of Populus deltoides to investigate whether the two plant sexes will present sexual differences in phyllosphere microbiome structure and associated pathogen resistance against a leaf pathogenic fungus after soil cadmium (Cd) exposure. We found that Cd-treated male plants grew better and accumulated more leaf Cd than females. Cd stress reduced leaf lesion areas of both plant sexes after leaf pathogen infection, whereas male plants exhibited better resistance than females. More importantly, Cd exposure differentially altered the structure and function of the phyllosphere microbiome of male and female plants, with more abundant ecologically beneficial microbes but decreased pathogenic fungal taxa harbored in male phyllosphere. Further in vitro toxicity tests suggested that such sexual difference in pathogen resistance between the two plant sexes could attribute to direct Cd toxicity and indirect shifts in phyllosphere microbiome. This study provides implication for understanding the underlying mechanism of heavy metals involved in plant-pathogen interactions.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

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Differences in pathogen resistance between diploid and polyploid plants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Polyploidy, the state of having more than two full sets of chromosomes, has been hypothesized to provide several evolutionary advantages to flowering plants, including increased ability to resist pathogens and parasites. However, studies comparing pathogen resistance in conspecific and congeneric diploids and polyploids have produced mixed results. While the supposed relationship between polyploidy and pathogen resistance has been commented on in several narrative reviews, it has never been subjected to a systematic meta-analysis. We examined the effect of polyploidy on pathogen resistance by synthesizing 214 effect sizes from 128 studies. We find that, overall, there is no consistent effect of polyploidy on pathogen resistance. Subgroup analyses suggest that polyploids perform significantly better than diploids only in resisting hemibiotrophic pathogens, and autopolyploids tend show greater resistance than allopolyploids. This is surprising given the fact that polyploids possess extra allele copies of R-gene alleles that provide resistance to biotrophic pathogens, and this pattern may indicate that signaling cascades needed to elicit hypersensitive responses are disrupted by polyploidy. Disruption is supported by the observation that, across all pathogens, autopolyploids show significantly greater resistance compared to diploids, whereas allopolyploids do not. This is corroborated by the observation that synthetic autopolyploids perform significantly better than their allopolyploid and established counterparts. Regarding pathogen type, diploids show greater resistance than polyploids to pathogens that are fungi or nematodes. Analyses of publication bias indicate little to no bias, and analyses of heterogeneity indicate that phylogeny explains almost none of the observed heterogeneity. These results underscore the importance of not only systematic review but also the strong degree to which the effects of polyploidy depend on ecological context.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

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Bacterial mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial and antifungal activities against drug-resistant pathogens

In the healthcare sector, the production of bioactive silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with antimicrobial properties is of great importance. In this study, a novel bacterial strain, Paenibacillus sp. MAHUQ-63, was identified as a potential candidate for facile and rapid biosynthesis of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs were used to control the growth of human pathogens, Salmonella Enteritidis and Candida albicans. The bacterial culture supernatant was utilized to synthesize the nanoparticles. FE-TEM examination showed spherical-shaped nanoparticles with 15 to 55 nm in size. FTIR analysis identified various functional groups. The synthesized AgNPs demonstrated remarkable activity against S. Enteritidis and C. albicans. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) for 100 µL (0.5 mg/mL) of AgNPs against S. Enteritidis and Candida albicans were 18.0 ± 1.0 and 19.5 ± 1.3 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 25.0 and 12.5 μg/mL against S. Enteritidis and Candida albicans, respectively. Additionally, the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were 25.0 μg/mL against both pathogenic microbes. The FE-SEM analysis showed that the treatment of AgNPs caused morphological and structural damage to both S. Enteritidis and Candida albicans. Therefore, these AgNPs can be used as a new and effective antimicrobial agent.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

ClinicalTrials.gov36/100

Ceftazidime-Avibactam for the Treatment of Infections Due to Ceftazidime Resistant Pathogens

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01644643. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 18. Publications: 8.

restrictedIPD-UNDECIDEDFeb 2026View details →

ClinicalTrials.gov36/100

Study of Cefiderocol (S-649266) or Best Available Therapy for the Treatment of Severe Infections Caused by Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative Pathogens

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02714595. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 16. Publications: 5.

restrictedIPD-UNDECIDEDFeb 2026View details →

ClinicalTrials.gov36/100

Direct Lysis of Staph Aureus Resistant Pathogen Trial of Exebacase

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04160468. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.

restrictedIPD-UNDECIDEDFeb 2026View details →

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