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FIGURE 1 in Differentiating convergent pathologies in turtle shells using computed tomographic scanning of modern and fossil bone

FIGURE 1. Modern Trachemys scripta shell (SAAF) with bite marks attributed to Mecistops cataphractus. Orthographic models of the shell, based on µCT data shown in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Frames on the models highlight specific bite marks, shown on the right as both direct µCT data (C, E, G) and heatmapped slices illustrating bone density changes (D, F, H). In the heatmapped cross sections, colors range from purple (lowest density), to orange (medium density), to white (highest density). Specific bite marks are indicated with purple arrows. Scale bars in A and B equal 5 cm. Scale bars in C, E, and G equal 5 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Differentiating convergent pathologies in turtle shells using computed tomographic scanning of modern and fossil bone

FIGURE 6. Fossil turtle shell fragment (DMNH 2013-07-0563) with putative shell disease.. Photograph (A) shown in external view. Frames on the photograph and highlight specific areas with shell disease as both direct µCT data (B, D) and heatmapped slices illustrating bone density changes (C, E). In the heatmapped cross sections, colors range from purple (lowest density), to orange (medium density), to white (highest density). Specific patches of shell disease are indicated with purple arrows. Scale bar in A equals 2 cm. Scale bars in B and D equal 5 mm.

FIGURE 8 in Differentiating convergent pathologies in turtle shells using computed tomographic scanning of modern and fossil bone

FIGURE 8. Characteristic examples of shell disease and bite marks in modern and fossil turtle shells. Modern shell disease on the plastron of Trachemys scripta, specimen UTK 2317 (A). Modern bite marks (bisected punctures) on the plastron of Trachemys scripta, specimen SAAF unnumbered (B). Fossil shell disease on a fragment of turtle shell, specimen DMNH 2013-07-0563 (C). Fossil bite marks (four scores and one pit) on a fragment of turtle shell, specimen DMNH 2013-07-1319 (D). Scale bars equal 10 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Differentiating convergent pathologies in turtle shells using computed tomographic scanning of modern and fossil bone

FIGURE 3. Fossil turtle shell fragment (DMNH 2013-07-0567) with putative bite marks. Photograph (A) and orthographic model based on µCT data (B) shown in external view. Frames on the photograph and model highlight specific areas with bite marks as both direct µCT data (C, E) and heatmapped slices illustrating bone density changes (D, F). In the heatmapped cross sections, colors range from purple (lowest density), to orange (medium density), to white (highest density). Specific bite marks are indicated with purple arrows. Scale bars in A and B equal 2 cm. Scale bars in C and E equal 5 mm.

FIGURE 5 in Differentiating convergent pathologies in turtle shells using computed tomographic scanning of modern and fossil bone

FIGURE 5. Modern Trachemys scripta plastron and partial carapace elements (UTK 1844) with shell disease. Photograph (A) and orthographic model based on µCT data (B) shown in ventral view. Frames on the photograph and model highlight specific areas of shell disease, shown on the right as both direct µCT data (C, E, G) and heatmapped slices illustrating bone density changes (D, F, H). In the heatmapped cross sections, colors range from purple (lowest density), to orange (medium density), to white (highest density). Patches of shell disease are indicated with purple arrows. Scale bars in A and B equal 5 cm. Scale bars in C, E, and G equal 5 mm.

Fig. 1 in Pathological findings associated with Dipetalonema spp. (Spirurida, Onchocercidae) infection in two species of Neotropical monkeys from Brazil

Fig. 1 Gross lesions in Alouatta guariba clamitans and Sapajus nigritus monkeys infected by Dipetalonema spp. (a; case 2) Thoracic cavity with multifocal areas of fibrous adhesions in the visceral and parietal pleura associated with filarial nematodes (arrowhead) in an individual with polyserositis. (b; case 12) Thoracic cavity with proliferation of fibrous connective tissue in the visceral pleura causing adhesions in the lung. (c; case 7) Liver, marked proliferation of fibrous connective tissue in the form of fringes over the organ capsule. (d; case 13) Abdominal cavity, filarial nematodes in the mesentery. (e; case 13) Heart with epicardium presenting pale multifocal areas, and moderate adherence by fibrous and fibrinous serositis associated with filarial nematodes. (f; case 20) Small intestine with entrapment of intestinal segment by focal area of fibrosis with fibrous polyserositis caused by filarial nematodes

Fig. 3 in SjTat-TPI facilitates adaptive T-cell responses and reduces hepatic pathology during Schistosoma japonicum infection in BALB/c mice

Fig. 3 Th1 immune response acter CD8+T cells blockage in sitro. a. CD3+CD8+T cells were successcullv blocked. The blocking ecciciencv was more than 99.6 %. b, c. Percentages oc CD4+IFN-γ+ (Th1) in Tat-TPI (T-TPI), TPI stimulated splenocvtes with or without CD8+T-cell blockage. Data are presented as the means ± SEM crom cour independent experiments. (*P <0.05; **P <0.01)

Fig. 2 in SjTat-TPI facilitates adaptive T-cell responses and reduces hepatic pathology during Schistosoma japonicum infection in BALB/c mice

Fig. 2 Immune responses in the draining popliteal lvmph nodes oc mice induced bv Tat-TPI (T-TPI) and TPI proteins. a and c. Percentages oc CD4+IFN-γ+ cells (Th1), CD8+IFN-γ+ cells (Tc1) analvsed bv FACS. b. The ratio oc CD4+ T cells to CD8+ T cells (CD4/CD8) in the draining popliteal lvmph nodes. Data are presented as the means ± SEM crom six mice in each group. (*P <0.05; **P <0.01)

Fig. 1 in SjTat-TPI facilitates adaptive T-cell responses and reduces hepatic pathology during Schistosoma japonicum infection in BALB/c mice

Fig. 1 Expression, puricication and identicication oc the cusion proteins Tat-TPI and TPI. a. Puricication oc two cusion proteins detected bv Protein Gel Electrophoresis. M: molecular weight marker, Lane 1: recombinant SjTat-TPI, Lane 2: recombinant SjTPI, Lane 3: the recombinant plasmid without puricication. b. Fusion proteins recognised bv His-Ab with Western blotting. Lane 1: recombinant SjTat-TPI, Lane 2: recombinant SjTPI. c. Fusion proteins recognised bv S. japonicum incected-mice serum with Western blotting. Lane 1: recombinant SjTat-TPI, Lane 2: recombinant SjTPI

Fig. 5 in SjTat-TPI facilitates adaptive T-cell responses and reduces hepatic pathology during Schistosoma japonicum infection in BALB/c mice

Fig. 5 Parasite burden and immune response were obsersed at 6 weeks acter S. japonicum incection in mice saccinated with T-TPI + IFA, TPI + IFA, IFA and PBS. a. Aserage number oc worms recosered. b. Aserage number oc eggs per gram (EPG) in the liser. c. Representatise granulomas with a single egg crom each group (100×). d. Aserage area oc single egg granulomas crom each group. e, f. Percentages oc CD3+CD4+IFN-γ+(Th1) and CD3+CD8+IFN-γ+(Tc1) gated crom CD3+ T cells analvsed bv FACS. Each bar represents the means ± SEM crom twelse mice per group. (*P <0.05; **P <0.01)

Fig. 4 T cell and antibodies responses acter three immunisations with T in SjTat-TPI facilitates adaptive T-cell responses and reduces hepatic pathology during Schistosoma japonicum infection in BALB/c mice

Fig. 4 T cell and antibodies responses acter three immunisations with T-TPI + IFA, TPI + IFA, IFA and PBS. a and b: Percentages oc CD3+CD4+IFN-γ+ (Th1) and CD3+CD8+IFN-γ+ (Tc1) gated crom CD3+ cells analvsed bv FACS. c. IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a lesels in mice sera were detected. Data are presented as the means ± SEM crom eight mice in each group. (*P <0.05; **P <0.01)

Fig. 6 in Description, molecular identification and pathological lesions of Huffmanela persica sp. nov. (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae: Huffmanelinae) from the daggertooth pike conger Muraenesox cinereus

Fig. 6 Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogram reconstructed using the 18S rDNA dataset of the new species Huffmanela persica sp. nov. and other related species within the families Trichosomoididae,Trichinellidae, Trichuridae and Capillariidae. ML analysis was performed using the substitution model K2 + G with 1000 bootstrap replications

Fig. 5 in Description, molecular identification and pathological lesions of Huffmanela persica sp. nov. (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae: Huffmanelinae) from the daggertooth pike conger Muraenesox cinereus

Fig. 5 Photomicrographs from histological sections of infected tissues of a daggertooth pike conger eel. A, B Histological sections of the stomach infected by eggs of Huffmanela persica sp. nov. at various stages of development as well as degenerated encysted metazoans (⁎). C, D Sections of the tunica serosa of the stomach parasitized with completely developed eggs. E Sections of the ovarian lamellae infected by both clusters of immature (➔) and developing (➤) eggs, representing immature and previtellogenic oocytes embedded within a loose fibro-granulomatous infiltration containing histiocytes and eosinophilic granular leukocytes (⁎). F Magnified view of histological section of infected ovary showing a fibro-granulomatous infiltrate surrounding clusters of eggs at different stages of development (mainly highly developed eggs, ➤). G High magnification (100×) view of a fully developed egg of H. persica (cross-sectional view) showing larva in-folded within the eggshell and a protruding polar plug at either end. H Less developed eggs with a nearly central nucleus (⁎) and thin eggshell layer and I fully developed eggs containing twisted larvae of H. persica cut on varying planes of section

Fig. 4 in Description, molecular identification and pathological lesions of Huffmanela persica sp. nov. (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae: Huffmanelinae) from the daggertooth pike conger Muraenesox cinereus

Fig. 4 Scanning electron micrographs of poorly developed (A–D) and fully developed (E–I) eggs of Huffmanela persica sp. nov. (separated from infected ovary). Less developed eggs spherical shaped (white arrow shows a shrunken and wrinkled egg) and with no evidently developed polar plugs. Fully developed eggs oblong and containing two plugs at poles. Eggs completely surrounded by a UL bearing uniformly based mammiform mounds adorned with tendril-like vermiform appendage emerging from the apex, occasionally adjoined to that of a neighboring mound (green arrowheads). Note the illusory appearance of serrated-like ridges (occasionally in the form of illusory interconnecting ridges, black arrows) in side views which is caused by overlapping of the mound bases (well observed in less developed eggs, red arrowheads). Outer surface of eggshell with irregular protuberances (yellow arrowheads)

Fig. 1 in Description, molecular identification and pathological lesions of Huffmanela persica sp. nov. (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae: Huffmanelinae) from the daggertooth pike conger Muraenesox cinereus

Fig. 1 Representation of an advanced egg of Huffmanela persica sp. nov. with measurements considered in this study. Total length with protruding polar plug and UL (black line); total length without protruding polar plug and UL (red line); total width with UL (yellow line); total width without UL (light blue line); shell thickness with UL (green line); shell thickness without UL (white line); polar plug width (dark blue line)

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Fig. 3 in Molecular characterization of the re-emerging West Nile virus in avian species and equids in Israel, 2018, and pathological description of the disease

Fig. 3 Brain histopathology of WNV-infected horses. Perivascular cuffs composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the brain of two horses, characteristic of viral encephalitis (marked by arrows). a Horse no. Eq111 (324085). b Horse no. Eq117 (325903). 100× magnification

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Fig. 2 in Molecular characterization of the re-emerging West Nile virus in avian species and equids in Israel, 2018, and pathological description of the disease

Fig. 2 Brain histopathology of WNV-infected long-eared owl (Asio otus) AV156. a A glial nodule in the brain stem (marked by an arrow). 100× magnification. b A glial nodule in the brain stem with few adjacent necrotic neurons, 400× magnification

Fig. 2 in Description, molecular identification and pathological lesions of Huffmanela persica sp. nov. (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae: Huffmanelinae) from the daggertooth pike conger Muraenesox cinereus

Fig. 2 Macroscopic and microscopic appearance of fully developed eggs of Huffmanela persica sp. nov. A Grossly visible lesions of eggs previously deposited by adult forms of H. persica sp. nov. in the form of dark spots of various size within the infected tissues (ovary and serosa of stomach) of Muraenesox cinereus. B Wet mount prepared from infected ovary illustrating variously oriented advanced eggs of H. persica sp. nov. within the egg clusters

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Fig. 4 in The dual impact of Ostreopsis cf. ovata on Mytilus galloprovincialis and Paracentrotus lividus: Toxin accumulation and pathological aspects Abstract

Fig. 4: Health status of sea urchins (avg±SDV, n = 4 animals) exposed to Ostreopsis cf. ovata (strain D483) for five days at different cell densities. Health index 1 corresponds to all four sea urchins alive after five days of exposure, 0 to all sea urchins dead in four days, intermediate values to different degrees of damage such as spine folded, partial and total spine loss and death in five days.