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64 results for “plague”
Nutrient supply and accessibility in plants: Effect of protein and carbohydrates on Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera) preference and performance
<p>In contrast to predictions from nitrogen limitation theory, recent studies have shown that herbivorous migratory insects tend to be carbohydrate (not protein) limited, likely due to increased energy demands, leading them to preferentially feed on high carbohydrate plants. However, additional factors such as mechanical and chemical defenses can also influence host plant choice and nutrient accessibility. In this study, we investigated the effects of plant protein and carbohydrate availability on plant selection and performance for a migratory generalist herbivore, the Australian plague locust, <em>Chortoicetes</em> <em>terminifera</em>. We manipulated the protein and carbohydrate content of seedling wheat (<em>Triticum</em> <em>aestivum</em> L.) by two means: 1) we increased the protein:carbohydrate ratio using nitrogen (N) fertilizer, 2) we sought to increase carbohydrate accessibility by grinding cell walls after drying the plants. Using a full factorial design, we ran both choice and no-choice experiments to measure preference and performance. We confirmed locust preference for plants with a lower protein-carbohydrate ratio (unfertilized plants). Unlike previous studies with mature wild grass species, we found that intact plants supported better performance than dried and ground plants, suggesting that cell wall removal may only improve performance for tougher or more carbohydrate-rich plants. These results add to the growing body of evidence suggesting that several migratory herbivorous species perform better on plants with a lower protein:carbohydrate ratio. </p>
Nutrient supply and accessibility in plants: Effect of protein and carbohydrates on Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera) preference and performance
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Data from: Attenuation of virulence in Yersinia pestis across three plague pandemics
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Data from: Do pathogens reduce genetic diversity of their hosts? Variable effects of sylvatic plague in black-tailed prairie dogs
Introduced diseases can cause dramatic declines in—and even the loss of—natural populations. Extirpations may be followed by low recolonization rates, leading to inbreeding and a loss of genetic variation, with consequences on population viability. Conversely, extirpations may create vacant habitat patches that individuals from multiple source populations can colonize, potentially leading to an influx of variation. We tested these alternative hypotheses by sampling 15 colonies in a prairie dog metapopulation during 7 years that encompassed an outbreak of sylvatic plague, providing the opportunity to monitor genetic diversity before, during and after the outbreak. Analysis of nine microsatellite loci revealed that within the metapopulation, there was no change in diversity. However, within extirpated colonies, patterns varied: In half of the colonies, allelic richness after recovery was less than the preplague conditions, and in the other half, richness was greater than the preplague conditions. Finally, analysis of variation within individuals revealed that prairie dogs present in recolonized colonies had higher heterozygosity than those present before plague. We confirmed plague survivorship in six founders; these individuals had significantly higher heterozygosity than expected by chance. Collectively, our results suggest that high immigration rates can maintain genetic variation at a regional scale despite simultaneous extirpations in spatially proximate populations. Thus, virulent diseases may increase genetic diversity of host populations by creating vacant habitats that allow an influx of genetic diversity. Furthermore, even highly virulent diseases may not eliminate individuals randomly; rather, they may selectively remove the most inbred individuals.
Data from: "Transcriptome resources for the oriental rat flea and primary plague vector, Xenopsylla cheopis" in Genomic Resources Notes Accepted 1 August 2015 to 31 September 2015
This article documents the public availability of raw transcriptome sequence data, 45,254 assembled unigenes as well as their functional annotations of a plague vector Xenopsylla cheopis.
Data from: Host resistance, population structure and the long-term persistence of bubonic plague: contributions of a modelling approach in the Malagasy focus
Although bubonic plague is an endemic zoonosis in many countries around the world, the factors responsible for the persistence of this highly virulent disease remain poorly known. Classically, the endemic persistence of plague is suspected to be due to the coexistence of plague resistant and plague susceptible rodents in natural foci, and/or to a metapopulation structure of reservoirs. Here, we test separately the effect of each of these factors on the long-term persistence of plague. We analyse the dynamics and equilibria of a model of plague propagation, consistent with plague ecology in Madagascar, a major focus where this disease is endemic since the 1920s in central highlands. By combining deterministic and stochastic analyses of this model, and including sensitivity analyses, we show that (i) endemicity is favoured by intermediate host population sizes, (ii) in large host populations, the presence of resistant rats is sufficient to explain long-term persistence of plague, and (iii) the metapopulation structure of susceptible host populations alone can also account for plague endemicity, thanks to both subdivision and the subsequent reduction in the size of subpopulations, and extinction-recolonization dynamics of the disease. In the light of these results, we suggest scenarios to explain the localized presence of plague in Madagascar.
Plague mask
Do we really need words? Every doctor needs a mask. ( ͡ʘ ͜ʖ ͡ʘ) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Immunogenicity and Safety of Subunit Plague Vaccine
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02596308. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Ciprofloxacin Versus an Aminoglycoside Followed by Ciprofloxacin for Bubonic Plague
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04110340. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Data from: AFLP genome scan in the black rat (Rattus rattus) from Madagascar: detecting genetic markers undergoing plague-mediated selection
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Data from: Host resistance, population structure and the long-term persistence of bubonic plague: contributions of a modelling approach in the Malagasy focus
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Data from: "Transcriptome resources for the oriental rat flea and primary plague vector, Xenopsylla cheopis" in Genomic Resources Notes Accepted 1 August 2015 to 31 September 2015
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Data from: Do pathogens reduce genetic diversity of their hosts? Variable effects of sylvatic plague in black-tailed prairie dogs
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Data from: Human plague system associated with rodent diversity and other environmental factors
Plague remains a threat to public health and is considered as a re-emerging infectious disease today. Rodents play an important role as major hosts in plague persistence and driving plague outbreaks in natural foci; however, few studies have tested the association between host diversity in ecosystems and human plague risk. Here we use Zero-Inflated Generalized Additive Models to examine the association of species richness with human plague presence (where plague outbreaks could occur) and intensity (the average number of annual human cases when they occurred) in China during the Third Pandemic. We also account for transportation network density, annual precipitation levels, and human population size. We found rodent species richness, particularly of rodent plague hosts, is positively associated with the presence of human plague. Further investigation shows that species richness of both wild and commensal rodent plague hosts are positively correlated with the presence, but only the latter correlated with the intensity. Our results indicated a positive relationship between rodent diversity and human plague, which may provide suggestions for the plague surveillance system.
Data from: "Transcriptome resources for the marmot flea and plague vector, Oropsylla silantiewi" in Genomic Resources Notes accepted 1 February 2014 to 31 March 2014
This article documents the public availability of raw transcriptome sequence data, 47,882 assembled unigenes as well as their functional annotations, and 13,052 deduced ORFs (open reading frame) of a plague vector Oropsylla silantiewi.
Supplementary material 1 from: Mojžišová M, Svobodová J, Kozubíková-Balcarová E, Štruncová E, Stift R, Bílý M, Kouba A, Petrusek A (2022) Long-term changes in the prevalence of the crayfish plague pathogen and its genotyping in invasive crayfish species in Czechia. NeoBiota 74: 105-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.74.79087
Table S1
Supplementary material 1 from: Dobrović A, Geček S, Klanjšček T, Haberle I, Dragičević P, Pavić D, Petelinec A, Boštjančić LL, Bonassin L, Theissinger K, Hudina S (2022) Recurring infection by crayfish plague pathogen only marginally affects survival and growth of marbled crayfish. NeoBiota 77: 155-177. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.77.87474
Protocols, primers, statistical support data, images
A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Ciprofloxacin in the Treatment of Plague in Humans
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01243437. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Study to Determine the Effect of 14 Days Dosing With Darapladib (SB-480848) on Carotid Plague Composition in Patients With Planned Carotid Endarterectomy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01916720. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
Data from: "Transcriptome resources for the marmot flea and plague vector, Oropsylla silantiewi" in Genomic Resources Notes accepted 1 February 2014 to 31 March 2014
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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