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163 results for “plant feeding”
Data from: Higher-order species interactions cause time-dependent niche and fitness differences: experimental evidence in plant-feeding arthropods
<p><strong>trajectories.csv </strong>(the raw data)</p> <p><strong>id</strong>: replicate identifier<br><strong>variant</strong>: co-existence status ("competition" or "monoculture")<br><strong>day</strong>: day of experiment<br><strong>species</strong>: mite species ("CRM" or "WCM")<br><strong>n</strong>: population density</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>model.R</strong></p> <p>The R script with the GAMM fitted to the trajectory data (the GAMM model is saved as <strong>model.RData</strong>); also produces simulations from this model (saved as <strong>sim.csv</strong>).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>model.RData</strong></p> <p>The GAMM for growth rates.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>sim.csv</strong> (simulations from the GAMM)</p> <p><strong>day</strong>: day of experiment<br><strong>spec_var</strong>: combination of co-existence status ("competition" or "monoculture") and species ("CRM" or "WCM")<br><strong>X1:X1000</strong>: population densities simulated from the fitted GAMM (on the log scale)</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>NFD_over_time_monte_carlo_gam.py</strong></p> <p>Python script to compute niche and fitness differences. Takes <strong>sim.csv</strong> (densities over time for different instantiations) and <strong>model.RData</strong> (stores the GAMM from R for the growth rates) as input and generates the file <strong>Data_NFD_monte_carlo_multi_c.csv</strong> which stores the niche and fitness differences computed for these communities.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>figures.R</strong></p> <p>The R script that produces Figures 2-4.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>plot_biotic_model.py</strong></p> <p>Python code to generate the figures S3 and S4 showing the simulations of a biotic resource competition model. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>plot_abiotic_model.py</strong></p> <p>Python code to generate the figures S1 and S2 showing simulations of an abiotic resource competition model. </p>
Can species naming drive scientific attention? A perspective from plant-feeding arthropods
<p>How do researchers choose their study species? Some choices are based on ecological or economic importance, some on ease of study, some on tradition – but could the name of a species influence researcher decisions? We asked whether phytophagous arthropod species named after their host plants were more likely to be assayed for host-associated genetic differentiation (or 'HAD'; the evolution of cryptic, genetically isolated host specialists within an apparently more generalist lineage). We chose 30 arthropod species (from a Google Scholar search) for which a HAD hypothesis has been tested. We traced the etymologies of species names in the 30 corresponding genera, and asked whether HAD tests were more frequent among species whose etymologies were based on host-plant names (e.g., <em>Eurosta</em> <em>solidaginis</em>, which attacks <em>Solidago</em>) vs. those with other etymologies (e.g., <em>Eurosta</em> <em>fenestrata</em>, from Latin fenestra, or window). Species with host-derived etymologies were more likely to feature in studies of HAD than those with other etymologies. We speculate that the etymology of a scientific name can draw a researcher's attention to aspects of life-history and thus influence the direction of our scientific gaze.</p>
Within‐plant variation in chemical defence of Erysimum cheiranthoides does not explain Plutella xylostella feeding preference
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Can species naming drive scientific attention? A perspective from plant-feeding arthropods
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Data from: Trace metals in nectar of important urban pollinator forage plants: A direct exposure risk to pollinators and nectar-feeding animals in cities
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Interaction networks of nectar-feeding bats and plants in central Mexico
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Data from: Plant fertilization interacts with life history: variation in stoichiometry and performance in nettle-feeding butterflies.
Variation in food stoichiometry affects individual performance and population dynamics, but it is also likely that species with different life histories should differ in their sensitivity to food stoichiometry. To address this question, we investigated the ability of the three nettle-feeding butterflies (Aglais urticae, Polygonia c-album, and Aglais io) to respond adaptively to induced variation in plant stoichiometry in terms of larval performance. We hypothesized that variation in larval performance between plant fertilization treatments should be functionally linked to species differences in host plant specificity. We found species-specific differences in larval performance between plant fertilization treatments that could not be explained by nutrient limitation. We showed a clear evidence of a positive correlation between food stoichiometry and development time to pupal stage and pupal mass in A. urticae. The other two species showed a more complex response. Our results partly supported our prediction that host plant specificity affects larval sensitivity to food stoichiometry. However, we suggest that most of the differences observed may instead be explained by differences in voltinism (number of generations per year). We believe that the potential of some species to respond adaptively to variation in plant nutrient content needs further attention in the face of increased eutrophication due to nutrient leakage from human activities.
Data from: Allopatric origin of cryptic butterfly species that were discovered feeding on distinct host plants in sympatry
Surveys of tropical insects are increasingly uncovering cryptic species - morphologically similar yet reproductively isolated taxa once thought to comprise a single interbreeding entity. The vast majority of such species are described from a single location. This leaves us with little information on geographic range and intraspecific variation and limits our ability to infer the forces responsible for generating such diversity. For example, in herbivorous and parasitic insects, multiple specialists are often discovered within what were thought to be single more generalized species. Host shifts are likely to have contributed to speciation in these cases. But when and where did those shifts occur, and were they facilitated by geographic isolation? We attempted to answer these questions for two cryptic species within the butterfly Cymothoe egesta that were recently discovered on different host plants in central Cameroon. We first used mtDNA markers to separate individuals collected on the two hosts within Cameroon and then extended our analysis to incorporate individuals collected across the entire pan-Afrotropical range of the original taxon. To our surprise, we found that the species are almost entirely allopatric, dividing the original range and overlapping only in the narrow zone of West-Central Africa where they were first discovered in sympatry. This finding, combined with analyses of genetic variation within each butterfly species, strongly suggests that speciation occurred in allopatry, probably during the Pleistocene. We discuss the implications of our results for understanding speciation among other cryptic species recently discovered in the tropics and argue that more work is needed on geographic patterns and host usage in such taxa.
Data from: Anthropogenic host plant expansion leads a nettle-feeding butterfly out of the forest: consequences for larval survival and developmental plasticity in adult morphology
Recent anthropogenic eutrophication has meant that hostplants of nettle-feeding insects became quasi-omnipresent in fertile regions of Western Europe. However, hostplant resource quality – in terms of microclimate and nutritional value – may vary considerably between the 'original' forest habitat and 'recent' agricultural habitat. Here, we compared development in both environmental settings using a split-brood design, so as to explore to what extent larval survival and adult morphology in the nettle-feeding butterfly Aglais urticae are influenced by the anthropogenic environment. Nettles along field margins had higher C/N-ratios and provided warmer microclimates to larvae. Larvae developed 20% faster, and tended to improve their survival rates, on the agricultural land compared to woodland. Our split-brood approach indicated plastic responses within families, but also family effects in the phenotypic responses. Adult males and females had darker wing pigmentation in the drier and warmer agricultural environment, which contrasts with the thermal melanism hypothesis. Developmental plasticity in response to this micro-climatically different and more variable habitat was associated with a broader phenotypic parameter space for the species. Both habitat-expansion and developmental plasticity are likely contributors to the ecological and evolutionary success of these nettle-feeding insects in anthropogenic environments under high nitrogen load.
FIGURES 8–9. Eotetranychus herbicolus n in Two new plant feeding mites from Brachiaria ruziziensis in citrus groves in São Paulo, Brazil and new distribution records of other plant mites in Brazil
FIGURES 8–9. Eotetranychus herbicolus n.sp. 8, tibia and tarsus I of female; 9, tibia and tarsus II of female.
FIGURES 10–11. Eotetranychus herbicolus n in Two new plant feeding mites from Brachiaria ruziziensis in citrus groves in São Paulo, Brazil and new distribution records of other plant mites in Brazil
FIGURES 10–11. Eotetranychus herbicolus n.sp. 10, tibia and tarsus I of male; 11, tibia and tarsus II of male.
FIGURES 3–7. Eotetranychus herbicolus n in Two new plant feeding mites from Brachiaria ruziziensis in citrus groves in São Paulo, Brazil and new distribution records of other plant mites in Brazil
FIGURES 3–7. Eotetranychus herbicolus n.sp. 3, genitoanal area of female; 4, peritreme; 5, female palpus; 6, male palpus; 7, aedeagus.
FIGURE 1. Catarhinus tricholaenae n in Two new plant feeding mites from Brachiaria ruziziensis in citrus groves in São Paulo, Brazil and new distribution records of other plant mites in Brazil
FIGURE 1. Catarhinus tricholaenae n.sp. AL, anterior lateral aspect; CGF, coxigenital area of female; D, dorsal aspect of female; GM, male genitalia; L1, leg I, L2, leg II; P, palp.
FIGURES 17–22 in New genera and host plant records of Asteraceaefeeding Tephritidae (Diptera) from Brazil
FIGURES 17–22. Lewinsohnia magna: 17, head, lateral; 18, aculeus, ventral; 19, aculeus tip, ventral; 20, glans, dorsal; 21, epandrium and surstyli, posterior; 22, epandrium, surstyli, hypandrium, phallapodeme and phallus, lateral, with glans, lateral.
FIGURES 11–14 in New genera and host plant records of Asteraceaefeeding Tephritidae (Diptera) from Brazil
FIGURES 11–14. Eutretopsis albipunctata, male and female terminalia: 11, aculeus, ventral; 12, aculeus tip, ventral; 13, glans, lateral; 14, glans, dorsal.
FIGURES 4–10 in New genera and host plant records of Asteraceaefeeding Tephritidae (Diptera) from Brazil
FIGURES 4–10. Cipomyia totofusca, male and female terminalia: 4, epandrium and surstyli, posterior; 5, base of phallus, phallapodeme, and hypandrium, ventral; 6, epandrium, surstyli, hypandrium, phallapodeme and base of phallus, lateral; 7, aculeus, ventral; 8, aculeus tip, ventral; 9, glans, lateral; 10, glans, dorsal.
FIGURE 43 in Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) attacking aphids feeding on Prunoideae and Maloideae crops in Southeast Europe: aphidiine-aphid-plant associations and key
FIGURE 43. Map of Southeast Europe with sampled localities and types of habitats. 1 Belgrade (Ste), 2 Skydra (Med), 3 Skala Oropou (Med), 4 Athens (Med), 5 Nymfaia (Med), 6 Ermioni (Med), 7 Argastiri (Med), 8 Farsala (Med), 9 New Belgrade (Ste), 10 Aliartos (Med), 11 Sykaminon (Med), 12 Avala (Ste), 13 Smederevo (Ste), 14 Gornji Milanovac (Mon), 15 Neapolis (Ste), 16 UŽice (Mon), 17 Žabljak (Mon), 18 Thessaloniki (Med), 19 Štrpce (Mon), 20 Aiginion (Med), 21 Aleksandroupolis (Med), 22 Aliartos (Med), 23 Amalias (Med), 24 Kastaneai (Med), 25 Orestias (Med), 26 Andrianoupolis (Med), 27 Kessani (Med), 28 Panċevo (Ste), 29 Novi Sad (Ste), 30 Despotovac (Mon), 31 Prijedor (Ste), 32 Kyparissia (Med).
FIGURES 37–38 in Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) attacking aphids feeding on Prunoideae and Maloideae crops in Southeast Europe: aphidiine-aphid-plant associations and key
FIGURES 37–38. Dorsal aspect of petiole of Ephedrus species (females). 37, E. persicae Froggat. 38, E. plagiator (Nees).
FIGURES 31–36 in Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) attacking aphids feeding on Prunoideae and Maloideae crops in Southeast Europe: aphidiine-aphid-plant associations and key
FIGURES 31–36. Dorsal aspect of petiole of Aphidius and Ephedrus species (females). 31, A. avenae Haliday. 32, A. colemani Viereck. 33, A. matricariae Haliday. 34, A. transcaspicus Telenga. 35, E. cerasicola Starý. 36, E. dysaphidis Tomanoviċ, Kavallieratos & Starý.
FIGURES 25–26 in Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) attacking aphids feeding on Prunoideae and Maloideae crops in Southeast Europe: aphidiine-aphid-plant associations and key
FIGURES 25–26. Dorsal aspect of propodeum of Diaeretiella and Lysiphlebus species (females). 25, D. rapae (M'Intosh). 26, L. fabarum (Marshall).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.