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165 results for “politics”
Multilingual Coarse Political Stance Classification of Media. The Editorial Line of a ChatGPT and Bard Newspaper
<p>Corpora used in the publication:</p> <ul> <li>Cristina España-Bonet. 2023. <strong>Multilingual Coarse Political Stance Classification of Media. The Editorial Line of a ChatGPT and Bard Newspaper. </strong>In <em>Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023</em>, Singapore. Pages 11757–11777. Association for Computational Linguistics.</li> </ul> <p>Three corpora are included:</p> <ol> <li>Newspaper articles extracted from the OSCAR corpus in English, German, Spanish and Catalan automatically annotated for political stance (left vs right) and topic</li> <li>Newspaper-like article generations by different versions of ChatGPT for 101 topics in the 4 languages</li> <li>Newspaper-like article generations by Bard for 101 topics in the 4 languages</li> </ol> <p>See the README file and the original article for further details.</p>
ISPON: A New Dataset for Identifying Sources in Political Online News
<p>This dataset contains a set of annotations for informational news sources (such as eyewitnesses, public officials, academic experts, reports, or other documentation) that provide support for claims made within online political news articles. Our dataset contains fine-grained annotations on the sources cited within each article, including in-text notations highlighting the words or phrases signaling a source. The dataset comprises annotations for nearly 2,500 articles covering 47 outlets. In addition, the dataset includes a larger set of >150,000 URLs from 92 outlets.</p>
German Political Speeches Corpus
<p>This text archive focuses on German political speeches held by top officials mostly from 1990 onwards, selected according to their political relevance. The currently included speeches come from the following sources:</p> <ul> <li>Official pages of the German <a href="http://www.bundespraesident.de/EN/Home/home_node.html">Presidency</a>, <a href="https://www.bundeskanzlerin.de/Webs/BKin/EN/Chancellery/federal_chancellery_node.html">Chancellery</a>, <a href="http://www.bundestag.de/en/parliament/presidium/function_neu">Bundestag</a>, <a href="https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li>Personal pages of the <a href="https://www.helmut-kohl.de/dokumente_reden.html">Helmut Kohl archive</a>, <a href="http://www.thierse.de/reden-und-texte/reden/">Wolfgang Thierse</a> and <a href="http://www.norbert-lammert.de/01-lammert/texte.php">Norbert Lammert</a></li> </ul> <p>This resource is available online:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.dwds.de/r?corpus=politische_reden">Online queries on the DWDS website</a> and <a href="https://www.dwds.de/d/korpussuche">usage instructions</a> (the text base may be newer than the downloadable archives)</li> <li><a href="http://purl.org/corpus/german-speeches">http://purl.org/corpus/german-speeches</a></li> </ul> <p>The files below consist of texts with metadata encoded in <a href="http://xml.silmaril.ie/whatisxml.html">XML format</a>. For appropriate tooling see:</p> <ul> <li>Python tutorial using the speeches: <a href="https://www.timmer-net.de/2019/03/24/nlp_basics/">Natural Language Processing — Einsteigen und Loslegen!</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.corpusexplorer.de">CorpusExplorer</a>, corpus linguistics and text mining software featuring the speeches</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/adbar/german-nlp">List of off-the-shelf NLP tools for German</a></li> </ul> <p>This is work in progress, updated and extended versions will follow.</p>
Political Claims Analysis: Support and Opposition to Migration in Portugal
<p>Claims analysis of newspapers in Portugal, 1995-2014. Random sample of days, all articles on immigration and integration. This is a faithful replication of the methodology of the SOM project (http://www.som-project.eu) For the codebook, see Berkhout, Joost and Sudulich, Maria Laura, Codebook for Political Claims Analysis (2011). SOM Working Paper No. 2011-02. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1990221.</p>
Transformation of social relationships in COVID-19 America: Remote communication may amplify political echo chambers
<p>The COVID-19 pandemic, with millions of Americans compelled to stay home and work remotely, presented an opportunity to explore the dynamics of social relationships in a predominantly remote world. Using the 1972-2022 General Social Surveys, we found that the pandemic significantly disrupted the patterns of social gatherings with family, friends, and neighbors, but only momentarily. Drawing from the nationwide ego-network surveys of 41,033 Americans from 2020 to 2022, we found that the size and composition of core networks remained stable, though political homophily increased among non-kin relationships compared to previous surveys between 1985 and 2016. Critically, heightened remote communication during the initial phase of the pandemic was associated with increased interaction with the same partisans, though political homophily decreased during the later phase of the pandemic when in-person contacts increased. These results underscore the crucial role of social institutions and social gatherings in promoting spontaneous encounters with diverse political backgrounds.</p>
Code and Data for: Donor activity is associated with US legislators' attention to political issues
<p>Contains data, code, and annotations for:</p> <blockquote> <p>Goel P, Malkin N, Gaynor SW, Jojic N, Miler K, Resnik P (2023) Donor activity is associated with US legislators’ attention to political issues. PLoS ONE 18(9): e0291169. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291169</p> </blockquote>
Has the Supreme Court become just another political branch? Public perceptions of Court approval and legitimacy in a post-Dobbs world
<p>Have perceptions of the U.S. Supreme Court polarized, much like the rest of American politics? Because of the Court's unique role, for many years it remained one of the few institutions respected by both Democrats and Republicans alike. But the Court's dramatic shift to the right in recent years—highlighted by its <em>Dobbs</em> decision in 2022—potentially upends that logic. Using both 8 waves of panel data and 18 nationally representative surveys spanning two decades, we show that while there was little evidence of partisan polarization in earlier years, in 2022 and 2023, such patterns are clear in favorability, trust, legitimacy, and support for reform. Factors that used to protect the Court—like knowledge about it and support for key democratic values—no longer do so. The Court has also become more important to voters, and will likely remain a political flashpoint, with disquieting implications for the Court's place in our polity.</p>
Data and literature repository for "Climate Futures are Political Futures: Integrating Political Development Into the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs)"
<p>The datasets provided in the repository (listed in Table 1 of the manuscript):</p> <ul> <li>Governance (Andrijevic et al., 2020)*</li> <li>Government effectiveness (Andrijevic et al., 2020)*</li> <li>Violent conflict (Hegre et al., 2016)</li> <li>Rule of law (update to the Soergel et al., 2021)</li> </ul> <p>*Please note that these two variables can be found in the same data file.<br><br></p> <p>The indicators can also be retrieved through the <a href="https://ssp-extensions.apps.ece.iiasa.ac.at/">SSP Extensions Explorer.</a> <br><br><strong><br>For applications of the projections of political indicators in further analyses, please consult the following references: </strong> </p> <p>Brutschin, E., Pianta, S., Tavoni, M., Riahi, K., Bosetti, V., Marangoni, G., & Van Ruijven, B. J. <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/abf0ce/meta">A multidimensional feasibility evaluation of low-carbon scenarios.</a> <em>Environmental Research Letters </em>2021, <em>16</em>(6), 064069.</p> <p>Gidden MJ, Brutschin E, Ganti G, Unlu G, Zakeri B, Fricko O<em>, et al. </em><a title="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/acd8d5" href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/acd8d5">Fairness and feasibility in deep mitigation pathways with novel carbon dioxide removal considering institutional capacity to mitigate</a>. <em>Environmental Research Letters </em>2023, <strong>18</strong>(7)<strong>: </strong>074006. </p> <p>Hoch JM, de Bruin SP, Buhaug H, Von Uexkull N, van Beek R, Wanders N. <a title="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3db2" href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3db2">Projecting armed conflict risk in Africa towards 2050 along the SSP-RCP scenarios: a machine learning approach</a>. <em>Environmental Research Letters </em>2021, <strong>16</strong>(12)<strong>: </strong>124068. </p> <p>Joshi DK, Hughes BB, Sisk TD. <a title="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X15000145" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X15000145">Improving governance for the Post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals: Scenario forecasting the next 50 years</a>. <em>World Development </em>2015, <strong>70: </strong>286-302. </p> <p>Moyer JD. <a title="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X23000062" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X23000062">Blessed are the peacemakers: The future burden of intrastate conflict on poverty</a>. <em>World Development </em>2023, <strong>165: </strong>106188. </p> <p>Moyer JD, Turner SD, Meisel CJ. <a title="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0022343320929740" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0022343320929740">What are the drivers of diplomacy? Introducing and testing new annual dyadic data measuring diplomatic exchange</a>. <em>Journal of Peace Research </em>2021, <strong>58</strong>(6)<strong>: </strong>1300-1310. </p> <p>Petrova, K, Olafsdottir, G, Hegre, H, Gilmore, EA (2023). <a title="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/acb163" href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/acb163">The ‘conflict trap’ reduces economic growth in the shared socioeconomic pathways</a>. <em>Environmental Research Letters</em>, 2023, <strong>18</strong>(2), 024028. </p>
SIRIUS Project - comparative dataset on socio-cultural, political and legal indicators
<p>This is an ad hoc dataset on socio-economic, cultural, political and legal indicators on migration covering all SIRIUS countries (Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Italy, Switzerland, United Kingdom), created by retrieving and systematizing a number of indicators available in the most relevant databases.</p> <p>The dataset has been created as part of the work package 2 of the SIRIUS Project "Skills and Integration of Migrants, Refugees and Asylum Applicants in European Labour markets". The work package, titled “Legal barriers and enablers”, examined the legal and institutional framework of migration and asylum, integrated with critical insights on the cultural and socio-economic environment of the SIRIUS countries. </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments and disclaimers</strong><br> This research was conducted under the Horizon 2020 project ‘SIRIUS’ (770515).<br> The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author. The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.</p>
The Reddit Politosphere: A Large-Scale Text and Network Resource of Online Political Discourse
<p>The Reddit Politosphere is a large-scale resource of online political discourse covering more than 600 political discussion groups over a period of 12 years. Based on the <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3608135">Pushshift Reddit Dataset</a>, it is to the best of our knowledge the largest and ideologically most comprehensive dataset of its type now available. One key feature of the Reddit Politosphere is that it consists of both text and network data. We also release annotated metadata for subreddits and users.</p> <p>Documentation and scripts for easy data access are provided in an associated <a href="https://github.com/valentinhofmann/politosphere">repository</a> on GitHub.</p>
Replication files for "Comparing Online and Offline Political Support".
<p>The Zip-folder contains replication materials for the article "Comparing Online and Offline Political Support". The folder contains a readme with information and details on the replication data and scripts.</p>
Based and confused: Tracing the political connotations of a memetic phrase across the web
<p><em>Datasets and details for the paper "<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517231163175">Based and confused: Tracing the political connotations of a memetic phrase across the web</a>"</em></p> <p><strong>Datasets</strong></p> <p>Datasets for the case study on the spread of the vernacular term "based" across 4chan/pol/, Reddit, and Twitter. Data was gathered in November 2021. All files are anonymised as much as possible. They contain:</p> <ul> <li>Comments on 4chan and Reddit mentioning "based". False positives were filtered out until the precision was over 0.9. See filtering steps below. <ul> <li>Reddit: Comments mentioning "based" between 2010-01-01 and 2021-11-01. Collected via the Pushshift API. Data from deleted subreddits may be absent in their last month.</li> <li>4chan/pol/: Posts and comments mentioning "based" between 2013-11-28 and 2021-11-01. Data derived from 4plebs and 4CAT.</li> <li><em>Twitter data was not included for ethical reasons, but constitutes: Tweets mentioning "based" between 2010-01-01 and 2021-11-01. Collected via the Twitter v2 API. Retweets or promoted tweets not allowed.</em></li> </ul> </li> <li>Counts per day and month for the datasets above.</li> <li>Sampled and annotated posts from three snapshots. Includes the 200 most-liked or highest-scoring posts from Twitter and Reddit, and a random sample for 4chan/pol/. Annotated with general comments, who was deemed based, and whether the post concerns meta-discussion on the term. Snapshots: <ul> <li>July 2012</li> <li>January 2017</li> <li>September 2021</li> </ul> </li> <li>The most-common words between "based " and "pilled" on all three platforms, used for the ternary plot in the paper.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Queries</strong></p> <p>Table 2 below details the queries we carried out for the collection of the initial datasets. For all platforms, we chose to retain non-English languages since the diffusion of the term in other languages was also deemed relevant.</p> <table> <caption>Initial queries for the datasets</caption> <tbody> <tr> <td>source</td> <td>query</td> <td>query type</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Twitter</td> <td> <p>(#based OR</p> <p>(based (pilled OR pill OR redpilled OR redpill OR chad OR virgin OR cringe OR cringy OR triggered OR trigger OR tbh OR lol OR lmao OR wtf OR swag OR nigga OR finna OR bitch OR rare)</p> <p>)</p> <p>OR " is based" OR "that\'s based" OR "based as fuck" OR "based af" OR "too based" OR "fucking based" "extremely based" OR "totally based" OR "incredibly based" OR "very based" OR "so based" OR "pretty based" OR "quite based" OR "kinda based" OR "kind of based" OR "fairly based" OR "based ngl" OR "as based as" OR "thank you based " OR "stay based" OR "based god")</p> <p>-"based in"-"based off"-"based * off"-"based around"-"based * around"-"based on"-"based * on"-"based out of"-"based upon"-"based * upon"-"based at"-"based from"-"is based by"-"is based of"-"on which * is based"-"upon which * is based"-"which is based there"-"is based all over"-"based more on"-"plant based"-"text based"-"turn based"-"need based"-"evidence based"-"community based" -"web based"</p> <p>-is:retweet -is:nullcast</p> </td> <td>Twitter v2 API</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Reddit</td> <td>based -"based in" -"based off" -"based around" -"based on" -"based them on" -"based it on" -"evidence based"</td> <td>Pushshift API</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4chan/pol/</td> <td>lower(body) LIKE '%based%' AND lower(body) NOT SIMILAR TO '%(-based|debased|based in |based off |based around |based on |based them on|based it on|based her on|based him on|based only on|based completely on|based solely on|based purely on|based entirely on|based not on |based not simply on|based entirely around|based out of|based upon |based at |is based by |is based of|on which it is based|on which this is based|which is based there|is based all over|which it is based|is based of |based firmly on|based off |based solely off|based more on|plant based|text based|turn based|need based|evidence based|community based|home based|internet based|web based|physics based)%'</td> <td>PostgreSQL</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>Data gaps</strong></p> <p>There were some data gaps for 4chan/pol/ and Reddit. /pol/ data was missing because of gaps in the archives (mostly due to outages). The following time periods are incomplete or missing entirely:</p> <ul> <li> <p>15 - 16 April 2019</p> </li> <li> <p>14 - 15 December 2019</p> </li> <li> <p>3 - 10 December 2020</p> </li> <li> <p>29 March 2021</p> </li> <li> <p>10 - 12 April 2021</p> </li> <li> <p>16 - 18 August 2021</p> </li> <li> <p>11 October 2021</p> </li> </ul> <p>The 4plebs archive moreover only started in November 2013, meaning the first two years of /pol/’s existence are missing.</p> <p>The data returned by the Pushshift API did not return posts for certain dates. We somewhat mitigated this by also retrieving data through the new Beta endpoint. However, the following time periods were still missing data:</p> <ul> <li> <p>1 - 30 September 2017</p> </li> <li> <p>1 February - 31 March 2018</p> </li> <li> <p>5 - 6 November 2020</p> </li> <li> <p>23 March 2021 through 27 March 2021</p> </li> <li> <p>10 - 13 April 2021</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Filtering</strong></p> <p>Afterward initial data collection, we carried out several rounds of filtering to get rid of remaining false positives. For 4chan/pol/, we only needed to do this filtering once (attaining 0.95 precision), while for Twitter we carried out eight rounds (0.92 precision). For Reddit, we formulated nearly 500 exclusions but failed to generate a precision over 0.9. We thus had to do more rigorous filtering. We observed that longer comments were more likely to be false positives, so we removed all comments over 350 characters long. We settled on this number on the basis of our first sample; almost no true positives were over 350 characters long. Furthermore, we removed all comments except for those wherein <em>based</em> was used as a standalone word (thus excluding e.g. “plant-based”), at the start or end of a sentence, in capitals, or in conjunction with certain keywords or in certain phrases (e.g. “kinda based”). We also deleted posts by bot accounts by (rather crudely) removing posts of usernames including ‘bot’ or ‘auto’. This finally led to a precision of 0.9.</p> <table> <caption>Filters used for the 4chan/pol/ data.</caption> <tbody> <tr> <td>-based|location based</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption>Filters used for the Twitter data.</caption> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p>@-mentions with “based”</p> <p>"on which <max. 25 characters> is based"</p> <p>"where <max. 25 characters> is based"<br> "kinda based <max. 15 characters> off "</p> <p>"wherever <max. 15 characters> is based"</p> <br> #based #customer| alkaline based| anime based | are based near | astrology based | at the based of| b0Iuip5wnA| based economy| based game | based locally| based my name | based near | based not upon| based points| based purely off| based quite near | based solely off| based soy source| based upstairs| blast based| class based| clearly based of this| combat based| condition based| dos based| emotional based| eth based| fact based| gender based| he based his | he's based in | indian based| is based for fans| is based lies| is based near | is based not around | is based not on | is based once again on | is based there| is based within| issue based| jersey based| listen to 01 we rare| music based| oil based| on which it's based| page based 1000| paper based| park based | pc based| pic based| pill based regimen| puzzle based| sex based | she based her | she's based in | skill based| story based| they based their | they're based in| toronto based| trigger on a new yoga 2| u.s. based| universal press| us based| value based| we're based in | where you based?| you're based in |#alkaline #based|#apps #based|#based #acidic|#flash #based|#home #based|#miami #based|#piano #based|#value #based|american based|australia based|australian based|based my decision|based entirely around|based entirely on|based exactly on |based her announcement|based her decision|based her off|based him off|based his announcement|based his decision|based largely on|based less on|based mostly on|based my guess|based only around|based only on|based partly on|based partly upon|based purely on |based solely around|based solely on|based strictly on|based the announcement|based the decision|based their announcement|based their decision|based, not upon|battery based|behavior based|behaviour based|blockchain based|book based series|canon based|character based|cloud based|commision based|component based|computer based|confusion based|content based|depression based|dev based|dnd based|factually based|faith based|fear based|flash based|flintstones based|flour based|home based|homin based|i based my|interaction based|is based circa|is based competely on|is based entirely off|is based here|is based more on|is based outta|is based totally on |is based up here|is based way more on|live conferences with r3|living based of|london based|luck based|malex based|market based|miami based|needs based|nyc based|on which the film is based|opinion based|piano based|point based|potato based|premise is based|region based|religious based|science based|she is based there|slavery based show|softball based|thanks richard clark|u.k. based|uk based|vendor based|vodka based|volunteer based|water based|where he is based|where the disney film is based|where the military is based|who are based there|who is based there|wordpress cms</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption>Filters used for the Reddit data.</caption> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p>Allowed all posts:</p> <ol> <li> <p>“based” and one of the following keywords:<br> "left", "right", "lib", "trump", "fren", "god", "pill", "chad", "virgin", "cring", "trigger", "tbh", "lol", "lmao", "wtf", "damn", "swag", "nigga", "finna", "bitch", "rare", "department", "amogus"</p> </li> <li> <p>“based” in one of the following collocations:<br> "is based", ">based ", "based and ", "the based ", "that is based", "that's based","this is based","he's based","she's based","they're based","so based","totally based","actually based","too based","very based","incredibly based","totally based","extremely based","fucking based","unfathomably based","based as fuck","based af","unironically based","the most based","super based","ultra based","utterly based","completely based","pretty based","quite based","kinda based","kind of based","fairly based","based ngl","as based as","stay based","keep based","ty based ","thank you based","thanks based","bless you based"</p> </li> <li> <p>Posts were based was used in a certain format:<br> BASED (all caps)<br> Based (capitalised)<br> based (at the start of a comment)<br> based (at the end of a comment)<br> Based.<br> \nBased<br> based.<br> . based<br> #based</p> </li> </ol> <p>Excluded all posts with the following patterns:</p> <ul> <li>based AND system (e.g. “ARM based system)</li> <li>"based <max. 25 characters> on"</li> <li>"based <max. 25 characters> off"</li> <li>"based <max. 25 characters> around"</li> <li>"where <max. 25 characters> is based"</li> <li>"where <max. 25 characters>re based"</li> <li>"where <max. 25 characters> are you based"</li> </ul> <p>Excluded all posts with the following collocations:</p> <p> amd based| animal based| app based| arch based| are based inside| are based near| area based| arm based| asset based| based a bit off| based after | based censor | based chips| based consumer| based definition| based dessert| based device| based diet| based entirely on| based food| based gpu| based harassment| based highly around| based machine| based magic| based mostly in| based not on | based of that| based of whether| based only off | based product| based program| based project| based transaction| based upon| belief based| bell based| bleach based| book based| bp based| br based| bsd based| bt based| card based| caustic based| challenge based| chassis based| cis based| class based| cloud based| coconut based| cream based| creature based| csx based| cube based| cuisine based| dare based| debt based| dex based| driver based| earth based| eu based| event based| fact based| faith based| faith based| fat based| fear based| ffmpeg based| flash based| flipswitch| flour based| food based| foundry based| frog based| gcd based| gel based| gig based| glitch based| glue based| grid based| ground based| hit based| hours based| i based it | incentive based| iota based| is based extensively on| is based extremely on| is based heavily| is based inside| is based per | is based solely on| is primarily based| judgement based| latex based| law based| lead based| light based| lightning based| logic based| loot based| lore based| luck based| mac based| map based| match based| meaning based| melt based| meta based| mib based| mobile based| na based | node based| norfolk based| nyc based| oat based| oil based| pc based| pea based| pg based| power based| price based| project based| projectile based| proof based| race based| race based| rage based| ratio based| reaction based| reality based| result based| rhythm based| rights based| round based| rule based| salt based| samba based| samurai based| sap based| sea based| self based| seo based| sex based| shadow based| sinus based| soy based| soy based| space based| spr based| stack based| stat based| state based| stealth based| strength based| team based| time based| token based| transformer based| trent based| tuna based| tw based| u.s. based| uk based| uk based| us based| usa based| values based| vg based| war based| ward based| water based| where based?| whiplash based| wine based| wis based| xp based| you based your | zone based|-based|ability based|achievement based|acoustic based|alcohol based|american based|amphetamine based|android based|armor based|artifact based|asia based|assumption based|athletically based|attack based|barter based|based a bit on|based almost entirely on|based and referenced|based around |based at |based entirely around|based entirely off|based entirely on|based exclusively on|based from her |based from my |based from our |based from their |based from your |based her decision|based her opinion|based his decision|based his opinion|based in |based it off |based just around |based just off |based just on |based just outside|based mostly on|based my decision|based my opinion|based of a |based of an |based of of |based of what|based off |based on |based our decision|based our opinion|based out of|based outside|based purely on|based salad|based solely around|based solely on|based strictly on |based their decision|based their opinion|based upon |battery based|bean based|bitcoin based|blockchain based|blueberry based|box based|browser based|camera based|canada based|carbon based|caste based|causality based|cellulose based|chance based|character based|charisma based|chicago based|chrome based|chromium based|church based|city based|classroom based|clinically based|combo based|commision based|commission based|community based|compassion based|computer based|concept based|connection based|consensus based|consumer based|consumption based|cookie based|corn based|cornstarch based|corporate based|country based|crypto based|customer based|cutthroath based|cypher based|dairy based|debian based|defence based|democracy based|desktop based|detective based|diamond based|dioxide based|discussion based|domestic based|donation based|element based|elemental based|emotion based|empathy based|employment based|enchantment based|energy based|english based|error based|espresso based|estonia based|europe based|european based|evasion based|evidence based|evidenced based|exploration based|explosive based|factually based|faith based|fetish based|fiction based|fire based|firefox based|frantic based|fundamental based|gender based|github based|gps based|grappling based|gravity based|greed based|ground based|group based|he based his|heat based|home based|horizon based|hotkey based|houston based|i based my |income based|input based|inquiry based|intel based|interest based|internet based|is based all over|is based by |is based of|is based of |israeli based|issue based|japan based|java based|javascript based|jelly based|kent based|knowledge based|land based|latin based|lecture based|level based|linux based|liverpool based|location based|london based|magic based|market based|melee based|merit based|mexico based|military based|mission based|momentum based|monetary based|monster based|movement based|music based|mustard based|myth based|mythology based|méxico based|narrative based|nature based|need based|neelix based|neutral based|number based|objective based|on which it is based|on which this is based|opinion based|outcome based|oxide based|pagan based|party based|pattern based|pcr based|penalty based|percentage based|performance based|peroxide based|personality based|petroleum based|phonk based|physics based|picture based|plant based|pornographic based|potato based|product based|protocol based|ptsd based|recovery based|religion based|religions based|religious based|results based|revenue based|reward based|rfid based|ribbon based|rng based|road based|role-playing based|rpg based|ryzen based|sample based|sativa based|sci fi based|science based|scientific based|server based|service based|sexually based|she based her|shellac based|silicone based|simulation based|sketch based|skill based|smear based|snapshot based|source based|spider based|sprite based|sql based|story based|strategically based|strategy based|subscription based|sword based|tech based|text based|they are based there|they based their|thunder based|tomato based|tower based|transaction based|transformation based|triplet based|turn based|u.k. based|uk based|unix based|usa based|usd based|vagina based|vector based|vinegar based|water based|we based our|wealth based|web based|where are you based|where i'm based|where they are based|where they were based|where you based?|which is based there|which it is based|windows based|x4 based|yeast based</p> <p>Excluded all posts with “bot” or “auto” in the username</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p>
A Corpus-driven Study of Contrastive Markers in Cantonese‒English Political Interpreting-Figure 4. The frequency of different source segments of "but" in the Cantonese sub-corpus
<p>Likewise, Figure 4 lists all the Cantonese source segments of but and their frequency. The results show that most of the use of but was contributed by daan (hai) — its closest equivalence in Cantonese. However, there were 52 instances of the use of but which corresponded to no source segments at all in the Cantonese sub-corpus, indicating, again, the possibility of explicitation. The rest of the 16 instances of but were attributed by the use of the Cantonese markers ji (而 (frequency=8; close in meaning to however and but, indicating concession or contrast), followed by bat gwo (frequency=7) and koek (卻 (frequency=1; close in meaning to however and but, indicating concession or contrast).</p>
A Corpus-driven Study of Contrastive Markers in Cantonese‒English Political Interpreting-Figure 3. The frequency of different source segments of "however" in the Cantonese sub-corpus
<p>The use of however and but in the English sub-corpus was also investigated through looking into their source segments in the Cantonese sub-corpus. Figure 3 lists all the Cantonese source segments of however and their frequency. The figures show that the use of however mostly resulted from the employment of daan (hai) in the Cantonese source text (frequency=52). There were 24 instances of however which corresponded to no source segment at all, indicating a possible trend of explicitation — a feature of interpreted or translated language. Only 21 cases of however were caused by the use of bat gwo — its closest equivalence in Cantonese. The rest 4 cases resulted from the use of the Cantonese marker ho si (可是) (frequency=3; close in meaning to both however and but in English, indicating concession or contrast) and zeon gun (儘管 (frequency=1; close in meaning to although or in spite of in English, indicating concession or topic change).</p>
A Corpus-driven Study of Contrastive Markers in Cantonese‒English Political Interpreting-Figure 2. The frequency of different renditions of "daan (hai)" in the English sub-corpus
<p>The renditions of daan (hai) show a similar pattern (Figure 2). Among the 287 cases of daan (hai), the majority were interpreted into but (frequency=74) — its closest equivalence in English that signals denial and contrast. A total of 60 daan (hai) received no interpretation at all, which, again, indicates a possible mitigation strategy employed by the interpreter(s). Similar to the case of bat gwo, however — the other frequently used English marker apart from but — was the next most often employed rendition of daan (hai) in the English sub-corpus. In addition to but and however, daan (hai) was also rendered into the following English markers: although, despite, while, nevertheless, yet, having said that / that said, nonetheless, though, notwithstanding, on the other, regardless, even so, and after, most of which signal concession and topic change, with an even higher degree of subtlety as compared to however.</p>
A Corpus-driven Study of Contrastive Markers in Cantonese‒English Political Interpreting-Figure 1. The frequency of different renditions of "bat gwo" in the English sub-corpus
<p>The renditions of bat gwo and daan (hai) were closely examined by looking into how they were interpreted. Figure 1 lists all the renditions of bat gwo and their frequency. The figures show that bat gwo was most often interpreted into however (frequency=22) — its closest equivalence in English. There were, however, 7 cases that bat gwo was interpreted into but — its stronger and less subtle correspondence that indicates denial and contrast. Apart from rendering into these two most common English contrastive markers, there were also 5 cases that bat gwo was not interpreted at all, suggesting a possible mitigation strategy employed by the interpreter(s). Likewise, the rest of bat gwo were rendered into other markers including nevertheless, nonetheless, while, yet, having said that / that said, all of which indicate concession and topic change, yet with an even higher degree of subtlety as compared to however.</p>
John Baillie of Leys, political agent at Lucknow, at the Durbar of Ghāzi al-Dīn Ḥaydar Shāh
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Baillie_of_Leys">John Baillie of Leys</a> (1772–1833), political agent at Lucknow, at the Durbar of Ghāzi al-Dīn Ḥaydar Shāh (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu">Urdu</a>:غازی الدیں حیدر شاہ) (c. 1769-19 October 1827).</p>
AgoraSpeech: A multi-annotated comprehensive dataset of political discourse through the lens of humans and AI
<blockquote> <p>Political discourse datasets are important for gaining political insights, analyzing communication strategies or social science phenomena. Although numerous political discourse corpora exist, comprehensive, high-quality, annotated datasets are scarce. This is largely due to the substantial manual effort, multidisciplinarity, and expertise required for the nuanced annotation of rhetorical strategies and ideological contexts. In this paper, we present <strong>AgoraSpeech</strong>, a meticulously curated, high-quality dataset of 171 political speeches from six parties during the Greek national elections in 2023. The dataset includes annotations (per paragraph) for six natural language processing (NLP) tasks: text classification, topic identification, sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, polarization and populism detection. A two-step annotation was employed, starting with ChatGPT-generated annotations and followed by exhaustive human-in-the-loop validation. The dataset was initially used in a case study to provide insights during the pre-election period. However, it has general applicability by serving as a rich source of information for political and social scientists, journalists, or data scientists, while it can be used for benchmarking and fine-tuning NLP and large language models (LLMs).</p> </blockquote>
MERICS China Podcast: China's global port politics, with Clark Banach and Jacob Gunter
<p>Beijing’s global push to establish a global network of ports with Chinese involvement is slowing. Today’s guests in the MERICS China Podcast <strong>Clark Banach</strong>, Program Director at the Aletheia Research Institution and former MERICS Futures Fellow, and<strong> Jacob Gunter</strong>, Lead Analyst at MERICS, discuss the development and changes in China’s global infrastructure investments. In this conversation with <strong>Johannes Heller-John</strong>, they analyze the aims Beijing wants to achieve by these investments and the impact of Chinese port investments on the European and global market.</p>
Safeguarding the energy transition against political backlash to carbon markets - figure raw data
<p>Figure raw data for the article "Safeguarding the energy transition against political backlash to carbon markets" (published in Nature Energy).</p>
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.