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268 results for “poplar”
Fig. 2. Populus primaveralepensis A in Populus primaveralepensis sp. nov. (Salicaceae, Malpighiales), a new species of white poplar from the Bosque La Primavera Biosphere Reserve in western Mexico
Fig. 2. Populus primaveralepensis A.Vázquez, Muñiz-Castro & Zuno sp. nov. Tree showing its habit and bark. J. Padilla Lepe, standing next to the tree; photograph: O. Ibarrarán.
Proteomic data set of the analysis of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) seed storability
<p>Proteomic data set containing protein identification parameters (ESI MS/MS) and GO annotation functional classification (UniProt and QuickGO). Identification parameters of differentially abundant proteins of black poplar (<em>Populus nigra</em> L.) seeds stored in different temperature (3, -3, -20 and -196°C) and time (12 and 24 months) conditions. Proteins were extracted and separated according to their isoelectric point (pI) and mass using 2-dimensional electrophoresis. Proteins that varied in abundance for temperature and time of storage were identified by mass spectrometry (ESI MS/MS). The mascot search algorithm (http://www.matrixscience.com) was used for protein identification against the NCBInr (http://www.ncbi.nig.gov) databases.Identified proteins were grouped due to biological process, molecular function and subcellular localization according to the gene ontology (GO) annotation using UniProt database and QuickGO search (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/).</p>
Figure 3 in Impact of dike age on biodiversity and functional composition of soil macrofaunal communities in poplar forests in a reclaimed coastal area
Figure 3. PCoA ordinal configuration of soil macrofaunal communities from different habitats by Euclidean distance similarity index. In the code of the samples, the prefix means the code of the habitat, and the suffix means the number of the sample.
Figure 2 in Impact of dike age on biodiversity and functional composition of soil macrofaunal communities in poplar forests in a reclaimed coastal area
Figure 2. One-way ANOVA of taxonomic richness and abundance (A) and Margalef 's richness index R and Shannon– Weaver diversity index H' (B) across different habitats (mean ± SE). Means with different scripts are significantly different by Dunnett's T3 test (A) and LSD test (B), α = 0.05.
Behavioral choice of Anoplophora glabripennis adults between two poplar varietes
<p>The original data of my paper "Anoplophora glabripennis: Adult choice, oviposition and performance of new hatched larvae on ‘resistant’ poplar species" is presented here. If any reader have questions, please email me: jrwei9@126.com</p>
Dataset of ten years of poplar inventory in northern Italy
<p>This database contains the data deriving from a continous inventory in a ten year span in permanent sample plot of poplar stands in northern Italy.</p> <p>It contains dendrometric information such as tree diameter at breast height and at 5 metres above ground, total height and total volume as well as the volume at 5 metres above ground.</p> <p>It contains the planting year and the measuring year for each individual and for each permanent sample plot are shown the UTM coordinates in the ED50 reference system.</p> <p>It shows, for evey individual, if it's missing, dead, broken or replaced as well as the<strong> </strong>degree of disturbance / damage intensity caused by weather conditions, woolly aphids, viruses, rodents, saperda, rottenness and necrosis.</p>
Data from: A fungal endophyte alters poplar leaf chemistry, deters insect feeding, and shapes insect community assembly
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Mesophyll conductance acclimation to water stress in hybrid poplar
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Effects of Hydrologic Connectivity and Species Differences on Riparian Poplar Growth (Rhône River, France)
Understanding how ecosystems will respond to the projected increase in drought conditions is a key factor in the larger debate on how to combat climate change. This is especially important for ecosystems intrinsically linked to the hydro system, such as riparian zones. We performed a dendrochronological analysis using the basal area increment of Populus alba and Populus nigra along the Rhône River in Brégnier-Cordon (France) to investigate how the two species respond to water stress. Samples were taken from sites of varying connectedness to the water table in order to simulate different drought conditions. Our goal was to understand if one of the species was more drought resistant, and therefore better adapted to survive declining groundwater levels. Results show that there is a significant correlation between annual growth and the species and site connectiveness to the water table. Not only was growth correlated to both variables separately, but there was significant correlation between growth and the interaction between the two. Our results indicate that the ecosystem structure regarding P. alba and P. nigra along this portion of the Rhône will change as drought conditions worsen as the species are affected significantly differently by water stress.
Net Nitrogen Mineralization Rates for Mature Balsam Poplar and White Spruce: 1999 - 2001
This data set includes results (DIN and DON pools, %C, %N, net nitrogen mineralization, net ammonification, net nitrification, etc) from a multi-year buried soil core (intact core) incubation study in control and fertilized plots of balsam poplar and white spruce along the Tanana River Floodplain. The study began in 1999 and continued until early 2001. Soil cores were incubated monthly but were also incubated during the winters of 1999-2000 and 2000-2001.
Poplar response to Fertilization at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (2011 to 2017)
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Dataset of gas permeability and flux simulation of poplar tension wood
<p>The datasets generated during the study <Relationship between pore structure and gas permeability in poplar (<em>Populus deltoides</em> CL.'55/65') tension wood>.</p> <p> </p>
Evolution of morphological but not aggressiveness‐related traits following a major resistance breakdown in the poplar rust fungus, Melampsora larici‐populina
<p>Crop varieties carrying qualitative resistance to targeted pathogens lead to strong selection pressure on parasites, often resulting in resistance breakdown. It is well known that qualitative resistance breakdowns modify pathogen population structure but few studies have analysed the consequences on their quantitative aggressiveness-related traits. The aim of this study was to characterize the evolution of these traits following a resistance breakdown in the poplar rust fungus, <i>Melampsora larici-populina</i>. We based our experiment on three temporal populations sampled just before the breakdown event, immediately after and four years later. First, we quantified phenotypic differences among populations for a set of aggressiveness traits on a universally susceptible cultivar (infection efficiency, latent period, lesion size, mycelium quantity, and sporulation rate) and one morphological trait (mean spore volume). Then we estimated heritability to establish which traits could be subjected to adaptive evolution, and tested for evidence of selection. Our results revealed significant changes in the morphological trait but no variation in aggressiveness traits. By contrast, recent works have demonstrated that quantitative resistance (initially assumed more durable) could be eroded and lead to increased aggressiveness. Hence, this study is one example suggesting that the use of qualitative resistance may be revealed to be less detrimental to long term sustainable crop production.</p>
Data from: Reintroduced native Populus nigra in restored floodplain reduces spread of exotic poplar species
<p class="AuthorList">Exotic <i>Populus</i> taxa pose a threat to the success of riparian forest restoration in floodplain areas. We evaluated the impact of exotic <i>Populus</i> taxa on softwood riparian forest development along the river Common Meuse after introducing native <i>Populus nigra</i> and after the re-establishment of the natural river dynamics. We sampled 154 poplar seedlings that spontaneously colonised restored habitat and assessed their taxonomy based on diagnostic chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite markers. Furthermore, by using a paternity analysis on 72 seedlings resulting from six open pollinated <i>P. nigra </i>females, we investigated natural hybridization between frequently planted cultivated poplars and native <i>P. nigra</i>.</p> <p>The majority of the poplar seedlings from the gravel banks analyzed where identified as <i>P. nigra</i>; only 2% of the sampled seedlings exhibited genes of exotic poplar species. Similarly, the majority of the seedlings from the open pollinated progenies were identified as <i>P. nigra</i>. For three seedlings (4%), paternity was assigned to a cultivar of <i>P.</i> x <i>canadensis</i>.</p> <p>Almost two decades after reintroducing <i>P. nigra</i>, the constitution of the seed and pollen pools changed in the study area in favour of reproduction of the native species and at the expense of the exotic poplar species. This study indicates that, although significant gene flow form exotic poplars is observed in European floodplains, restoration programmes of the native <i>P. nigra</i> can vigorously outcompete the exotic gene flows and strongly reduce the impact of exotic <i>Populus</i> taxa on the softwood riparian forest development.</p>
Converting conventional agriculture to poplar bioenergy crops: soil chemistry
<p>Woody bioenergy is a viable source of alternative energy; however, questions remain on how purpose-grown bioenergy feedstock production management impact surface soil chemistry. In order to understand the soil processes under poplar (<i>Populus spp.</i>) trees and adjacent agricultural sites, surface (0-15 cm) soil samples were collected from four northwestern United States locations over a four-year period. Initial and final surface soil samples were analyzed for various soil chemical parameters, including organic matter, pH, cation exchange capacity and nutrient concentrations. Fields selected to compare poplar and agricultural management initially differed in some key soil chemical parameters. Many soil chemical parameters changed over time and the magnitude of change often depended on location; however, initial differences between management types within any one location did not change over time for most soil chemical variables. Consistent in-location differences between management types over time show poplar did not alter soil chemical parameters relative to agricultural management during the study period. Together all observations indicate that little of the overall soil chemistry was impacted by introduction of poplar in the traditionally agricultural fields.</p>
Data from: Comparative water use by maize, perennial crops, restored prairie, and poplar trees in the US Midwest
Water use by plant communities across years of varying water availability indicates how terrestrial water balances will respond to climate change and variability as well as to land cover change. Perennial biofuel crops, likely grown mainly on marginal lands of limited water availability, provide an example of a potentially extensive future land cover conversion. We measured growing-season evapotranspiration (ET) based on daily changes in soil profile water contents in five perennial systems—switchgrass, miscanthus, native grasses, restored prairie, and hybrid poplar—and in annual maize (corn) in a temperate humid climate (Michigan, USA). Three study years (2010, 2011 and 2013) had normal growing-season rainfall (480–610 mm) whereas 2012 was a drought year (210 mm). Over all four years, mean (±SEM) growing-season ET for perennial systems did not greatly differ from corn (496 ± 21 mm), averaging 559 (±14), 458 (±31), 573 (±37), 519 (±30), and 492 (±58) mm for switchgrass, miscanthus, native grasses, prairie, and poplar, respectively. Differences in biomass production largely determined variation in water use efficiency (WUE). Miscanthus had the highest WUE in both normal and drought years (52–67 and 43 kg dry biomass ha−1 mm−1, respectively), followed by maize (40–59 and 29 kg ha−1 mm−1); the native grasses and prairie were lower and poplar was intermediate. That measured water use by perennial systems was similar to maize across normal and drought years contrasts with earlier modeling studies and suggests that rain-fed perennial biomass crops in this climate have little impact on landscape water balances, whether replacing rain-fed maize on arable lands or successional vegetation on marginal lands. Results also suggest that crop ET rates, and thus groundwater recharge, streamflow, and lake levels, may be less sensitive to climate change than has been assumed.
Nutrient conditions mediate mycorrhizal effects on biomass production and cell wall chemistry in poplar
<p> Large-scale biofuel production from lignocellulosic feedstock is limited by the financial and environmental costs associated with growing and processing lignocellulosic material and the resilience of these plants to environmental stress. Symbiotic associations with arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi represent a potential strategy for expanding feedstock production while reducing nutrient inputs. Comparing AM and EM effects on wood production and chemical composition is a necessary step in developing biofuel feedstocks. Here, we assessed the productivity, biomass allocation and secondary cell wall (SCW) composition of greenhouse-grown Populus tremuloidesMichx. inoculated with either AM or EM fungi. Given the long-term goal of reducing nutrient inputs for biofuel production, we further tested the effects of nutrient availability and nitrogen: phosphorus stoichiometry on mycorrhizal responses. Associations with both AM and EM fungi increased plant biomass by 14–74% depending on the nutrient conditions but had minimal effects on SCW composition. Mycorrhizal plants, especially those inoculated with EM fungi, also allocated a greater portion of their biomass to roots, which could be beneficial in the field where plants are likely to experience both water and nutrient stress. Leaf nutrient content was weakly but positively correlated with wood production in mycorrhizal plants. Surprisingly, phosphorus played a larger role in EM plants compared with AM plants. Relative nitrogen and phosphorus availability were correlated with shifts in SCW composition. For AM associations, the benefit of increased wood biomass may be partially offset by increased lignin content, a trait that affects downstream processing of lignocellulosic tissue for biofuels. By comparing AM and EM effects on the productivity and chemical composition of lignocellulosic tissue, this work links broad functional diversity in mycorrhizal associations to key biofuel traits and highlights the importance of considering both biotic and abiotic factors when developing strategies for sustainable biofuel production.</p>
Data for: Male, female and mixed-sex poplar plantations support divergent soil microbial communities
<p>Mixed-species forests are often more productive than monocultures because of a lower niche overlap and higher taxonomic and functional diversity of soil microbial communities. Males and females of dioecious plants have sex-specific adaptations to diverse habitats. The potential of using sexual differences in establishing more diverse poplar plantations has not been explored in degraded areas. We conducted a series of greenhouse and field experiments to investigate how belowground competition, soil microbial communities and seasonal variation nitrogen content differ among female, male and mixed-sex <em>Populus cathayana</em> plantations. In the greenhouse experiment, female neighbors suppressed the growth of males under optimal nitrogen conditions. However, male neighbors enhanced δ<sup>15</sup>N of females under inter-sexual competition. In the field, the root length density, root area density and biomass of fine roots were lower in female plantations than in male or mixed-sex plantations. Bacterial networks of female, male and mixed-sex plantations were characterized by different composition of hub nodes, including connectors, module and network hubs. The sex composition of plantations altered bacterial and fungal community structures according to Bray-Curtis distances, with 44% and 65% of variance explained by the root biomass, respectively. The total soil nitrogen content of mixed-sex plantation was higher than that in female plantation in spring and summer. The mixed-sex plantation also had a higher β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activity in summer and a higher nitrification rate in autumn than the other two plantations. The seasonal soil N content, nitrification rate and root distribution traits demonstrated spatiotemporal niche separation in the mixed-sex plantation. We argue that a strong female-female competition and limited nitrogen content could strongly impede plant growth and reduce the resistance of monosex plantations to climate change and the mixed-sex plantations constitutes a promising way to restore degraded land.</p>
A point mutation and large deletion at the candidate avirulence locus AvrMlp7 in the poplar rust fungus correlate with poplar RMlp7 resistance breakdown
<p>Several studies reported the rapid evolution of avirulence (<i>Avr</i>) genes to escape <i>R</i>-mediated plant immunity and identified a variety of mechanisms leading to virulence. The poplar rust fungus <i>Melampsora larici-populina</i> is the most damaging pathogen of poplars. A major adaptive event occurred in 1994 with the breakdown of <i>RMlp7</i> resistance gene in poplar. Population genomics studies identified a locus in the genome of <i>M. larici-populina</i>, which likely corresponds to the <i>AvrMlp7</i> candidate avirulence gene. We used a population genetics approach combined with dedicated qPCR assays on a comprehensive set of 281 isolates, covering 27 years (encompassing the resistance breakdown event), to validate the candidate locus and to assess its polymorphism. We found two mechanisms, a point mutation and a deletion, that allowed the pathogen to escape <i>RMlp7</i>-mediated resistance. Six diploid genotypes were thus characterized at the candidate locus (three avirulent and three virulent). In addition, a temporal analysis revealed that the two virulence alleles pre-existed (harboured as avirulent heterozygous genotypes) since the early samplings and were found in association (as virulent genotypes) at the time of the resistance breakdown.These molecular analyses were complemented by a population genetic analysis of those temporal samples, using 22 microsatellite markers.</p>
Figure 1 in Impact of dike age on biodiversity and functional composition of soil macrofaunal communities in poplar forests in a reclaimed coastal area
Figure 1. Distribution of sample sites on the reclaimed coast.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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