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676 results for “population density”
FIGURE 3 in Population ecology and juvenile density hotspots of thornback ray (Raja clavata) around the Shetland Islands, Scotland
FIGURE 3 Length-frequency distribution, by sex, of Raja clavata in shallow and inshore locations from 2017 to 2022. This presents raw count data, before standardization to account for tow effort. Counts are summed up across the years 2017–2022.
FIG. 5. Correlation between the spatial distribution index and population density. A in Demographic and spatial structure at the stage of expansion in the populations of some alien land snails in Belgorod city (Central Russian Upland)
FIG. 5. Correlation between the spatial distribution index and population density. A. For Brephulopsis cylindrica and Xeropicta derbentina at 160 plots for three years. B. For Harmozica ravergiensis in nine sites×20 plots for two years. РИС. 5. Корреляция меЖду индексом пространственного распределения и плотностью популяции. А. Для Brephulopsis cylindrica и Xeropicta derbentina на 160 плоЩадках За три года. В. Для Harmozica ravergiensis на девяти участках по 20 плоЩадок За два года.
Data and R code from: Relics of beavers past: time and population density drive scale-dependent patterns of ecosystem engineering
<p><span>Like many ecological processes, natural disturbances exhibit scale-dependent dynamics that are largely a function of the magnitude, frequency, and scale at which they are assessed. Ecosystem engineers create patch-scale disturbances that affect ecological processes, yet we know little about how these effects scale across space or vary through time. Here, we investigate how patch disturbances by beavers (<i>Castor canadensis</i>), ecosystem engineers renowned for their pond-creation behavior, affect ecological processes across space and time. We evaluated how beaver population recovery influenced surface water dynamics in relation to population density over 70 years across multiple spatial scales (pond, watershed, and regional) in northern Minnesota. Surface water area was positively related to population density at the watershed scale; however, despite variation in beaver densities (and therefore surface water area) at the watershed scale, regional-scale surface water area was stable through time. This stability appears to have been driven by asynchronous beaver density fluctuations among watersheds, combined with the increasing importance of abandoned ponds. Beavers initially created and occupied larger ponds with greater surface water area, but through time shifted towards occupying smaller ponds. As ponds accumulated on the landscape proportionally more surface water was stored within abandoned ponds, which offset the smaller size of occupied ponds. Beaver engineering—driven by density-dependent mechanisms and the legacy effects from abandoned ponds—not only follows general patterns of patch disturbance dynamics by creating a spatial mosaic of patches, but the organism-created mosaic also appears to generate ecological stability at greater spatial scales. We suggest restoring beavers to landscapes is a viable method for increasing surface water storage and will ultimately help advance numerous conservation and rewilding objectives. Our study demonstrates that ecosystem engineering effects can be scale-dependent, indicating researchers should evaluate the ecological impact of engineers across diverse spatiotemporal scales to fully understand their functional roles in ecosystems.</span></p>
Data and code for "Sustainable Human Population Density in Western Europe between 560.000 and 360.000 years ago"
<p>This dataset contains the modeling results GIS data (maps) of the study “Sustainable Human Population Density in Western Europe between 560.000 and 360.000 years ago” by Rodríguez et al. (2022).</p> <p>The NPP data (npp.zip) was computed using an empirical formula (the Miami model) from palaeo temperature and palaeo precipitation data aggregated for each timeslice from the Oscillayers dataset (Gamisch, 2019), as defined in Rodríguez et al. (2022, in review).</p> <p>The Population densities file (pop_densities.zip) contains the computed minimum and maximum population densities rasters for each of the defined MIS timeslices. With the population density value Dc in logarithmic form log(Dc).</p> <p>The Species Distribution Model (sdm.7z) includes input data (folder /data), intermediate results (folder /work) and results and figures (folder /results). All modelling steps are included as an R project in the folder /scripts. The R project is subdivided into individual scripts for data preparation (1.x), sampling procedure (2.x), and model computation (3.x).</p> <p>The habitat range estimation (habitat_ranges.zip) includes the potential spatial boundaries of the hominin habitat as binary raster files with 1=presence and 0=absence. The ranges rely on a dichotomic classification of the habitat suitability with a threshold value inferred from the 5% quantile of the presence data.</p> <p>The habitat suitability (habitat_suitability.zip) is the result of the Species Distribution Modelling and describes the environmental suitability for hominin presence based on the sites considered in this study. The values range between 0=low and 1=high suitability. The dataset includes the mean (pred_mean) and standard deviation (pred_std) of multiple model runs.</p>
Fig. 2 in Population Densities And Community Structure Of Birds Breeding In A Suburban Wooded Grassland In The Highveld Of Lesotho
Fig. 2. Numbers (right axis; dot or square signs) of species (A), all breeding pairs (B), and breeding pairs of selected bird species (C: Ss — Streptopelia senegalensis, Sc — Streptopelia capicola; D: RwS — Onychognathus morio, ES — Sturnus vulgaris; E — Passer griseus; F — Ploceus velatus; G — Columba guinea, H — Lanius collaris) in relation to the rainfall (columns; in mm per annum; left axis).
A comparison of density estimation methods for monitoring marked and unmarked animal populations
<p>These data were generated to compare different methods of estimating population density from marked and unmarked animal populations. We compare conventional live trapping with two more modern, non-invasive field methods of population estimation: genetic fingerprinting from hair-tube sampling and camera trapping for the European pine marten (Martes martes). We used arrays of camera traps, live traps, and hair tubes to collect the relevant data in the Ring of Gullion in Northern Ireland. We apply marked spatial capture-recapture models to the genetic and live trapping data where individuals were identifiable, and unmarked spatial capture-recapture (uSCR), distance sampling (CT-DS), and random encounter models (REM) to the camera trap data where individual ID was not possible. All five approaches produced plausible and relatively consistent point estimates (0.41 – 0.99 animals per km<sup>2</sup>), despite differences in precision, cost, and effort being apparent.</p> <p>In addition to the data, we provide novel code for running unmarked spatial capture-recapture (uSCR) and random encounter models (REM) to the camera trap data where individual ID was not possible. </p>
Asymmetric density-dependent competition does not contribute to the maintenance of sex in a mixed population of sexual and asexual Potamopyrgus antipodarum
<p>Asexual reproduction is expected to have a two-fold reproductive advantage over sexual reproduction, owing to the cost of producing males in sexual subpopulations. The persistence of sexual females thus requires an advantage to sexual reproduction, at least periodically. Here we tested the hypothesis that asexual females are more sensitive to limited resources. Under this idea, fluctuations in the availability of resources (<em>per capita</em>) could periodically favor sexual females when resources become limited. We combined sexual and asexual freshwater snails (<em>Potamopyrgus antipodarum</em>) together in nylon mesh enclosures at three different densities in an outdoor mesocosm. After one month, we counted the brood size of fertile female snails. We found that fecundity declined significantly with increasing density. However, sexual females did not produce more offspring than asexual females at any of the experimental densities. Our results thus suggest that the cost of sexual reproduction in <em>P. antipodarum</em> is not ameliorated by periods of intense resource competition.</p>
A gridded dataset on population densities, real estate prices, transport and land use inside 192 worldwide urban areas
<p>This dataset provides, on a systematic basis, gridded population densities, rents, real estate prices, and transport times (both in<br> public transport and private car) in 192 cities across the world.</p>
Data from: Protection status, human disturbance, snow cover and trapping drive density of a declining wolverine population in the Canadian Rocky Mountains
<p>Protected areas are important in species conservation, but high rates of human-caused mortality outside their borders and increasing popularity for recreation can negatively affect wildlife populations. We quantified wolverine (<em>Gulo gulo</em>) population trends from 2011 to 2020 in >14 000 km2 protected and non-protected habitat in southwestern Canada. We conducted wolverine and multi-species surveys using non-invasive DNA and remote camera-based methods. We developed Bayesian integrated models combining spatial capture-recapture data of marked and unmarked individuals with occupancy data. Wolverine density and occupancy declined by 39 percent, with an annual population growth rate of 0.925. Density within protected areas was 3 times higher than outside and declined between 2011 (3.6 wolverines/1000 km2) and 2020 (2.1 wolverines/1000 km2). Wolverine density and detection probability increased with snow cover and decreased near development. Detection probability also decreased with human recreational activity. The annual harvest rate of 13% was above the maximum sustainable rate. We conclude that humans negatively affected the population through direct mortality, sub-lethal effects and habitat impacts. Our study exemplifies the need to monitor population trends for species at risk – within and between protected areas - as steep declines can occur unnoticed if key conservation concerns are not identified and addressed.</p>
Рис. 6. Графики Зависимости оценок варианс (S2) от средней плотности (D) популЯций наЗемных моллюсков B. cylindrica (А) и M. cartusiana (В): 1 – участок № 1, 2010 г.; 2 – участок № 2, 2011 г.; 3 – участок № 4, 2012 г.; 4 – участок № 5, 2012 г. Fig. 6. Variance estimation (S2) and average density (D) of the land snail B. cylindrica (А) and M. cartusiana (В) population scatter plots: 1 – site 1, 2010; 2 – site 2, 2011; 3 – site 4, 2012; 4 – site 5, 2012. in Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the land snail populations: a geostatistic method approach
Рис. 6. Графики Зависимости оценок варианс (S2) от средней плотности (D) популЯций наЗемных моллюсков B. cylindrica (А) и M. cartusiana (В): 1 – участок № 1, 2010 г.; 2 – участок № 2, 2011 г.; 3 – участок № 4, 2012 г.; 4 – участок № 5, 2012 г. Fig. 6. Variance estimation (S2) and average density (D) of the land snail B. cylindrica (А) and M. cartusiana (В) population scatter plots: 1 – site 1, 2010; 2 – site 2, 2011; 3 – site 4, 2012; 4 – site 5, 2012.
Data from: Effects of age, breeding strategy, population density, and number of neighbors on territory size and shape in Savannah Sparrows
<p>The size and shape of an animal's breeding territory are dynamic features influenced by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors and can have important implications for survival and reproduction. Quantitative studies of variation in these territory features can generate deeper insights into animal ecology and behavior. We explored the effect of age, breeding strategy, population density, and number of neighbors on the size and shape of breeding territories in an island population of Savannah Sparrows (<em>Passerculus sandwichensis</em>). Our dataset consisted of 407 breeding territories belonging to 225 males sampled over 11 years. We compared territory sizes to the age of the male territorial holder, the male's reproductive strategy (monogamy vs. polygyny), the number of birds in the study population (population density), and the number of immediate territorial neighbors (local density). We found substantial variation in territory size, with territories ranging over two orders of magnitude from 57 to 5727 m2 (0.0057 to 0.57 ha). Older males had larger territories, polygynous males had larger territories, territories were smaller in years with higher population density, and larger territories were associated with more immediate territorial neighbors. We also found substantial variation in territory shape, from near-circular to irregularly-shaped territories. Males with more neighbors had irregularly shaped territories, but the shape did not vary with male age, breeding strategy, or population density. For males that lived two years or longer, we found strong consistent individual differences in territory size across years, but weaker individual differences in territory shape, suggesting that size has high repeatability whereas shape has low repeatability. Our work provides evidence that songbird territories are highly dynamic and that their size and shape reflect both intrinsic factors (age and number of breeding partners) and extrinsic factors (population density and number of territorial neighbors).</p>
Figure 5 in Nesting evidence, density and vocalisations in a resident population of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in Guatemala
Figure 5. Sonograms of songs of four male Savannah Sparrows Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in PRM Todos Santos Cuchumatán, dpto. Huehuetenango, Guatemala: (a) 5 June 2016 (Knut Eisermann, XC333471), including waveform, (b) 5 June 2016 (Knut Eisermann, XC333471), (c) 3 June 2016 (Knut Eisermann, XC333472), (d) 3 June 2016 (Knut Eisermann, XC333473). DW = descendent whistle. See Table 1 for signal measurements of marked notes.
Figure 4 in Nesting evidence, density and vocalisations in a resident population of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in Guatemala
Figure 4. (1) Approximate breeding range of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis in Mexico (sensu Howell & Webb 1995); (2) summer records in the Sierra Los Cuchumatanes, Guatemala, including recent nesting and other summer records (June–July 2016), and historic summer records (June 1897, van Rossem 1938); and (3) summer record from Sierra Madre range in June 2002 (J. Berry in Eisermann & Avendaño 2007). Chis. = Chiapas, Mexico, GT = Guatemala, HN = Honduras, SV = El Salvador. Inset map shows location of summer records of Savannah Sparrow in the Sierra Los Cuchumatanes (SLC) and Sierra Madre (SM) ranges in Guatemala.
Figure 3 in Nesting evidence, density and vocalisations in a resident population of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in Guatemala
Figure 3. Nesting evidence of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in PRM Todos Santos Cuchumatán, dpto. Huehuetenango, Guatemala: (a) nest with a single nestling, 2 July 2016 (a second nestling was found dead 20 cm from the nest); (b) recently fledged juvenile, barely able to fly, 3 July 2016, (c–d) two fledglings well able to fly, tail c.40% grown, 3 July 2016; (e) dependent juvenile with tail c.80% grown, 3 July 2016; and (f) immature, 27 August 2016 (Knut Eisermann)
Figure 2 in Nesting evidence, density and vocalisations in a resident population of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in Guatemala
Figure 2. Different adult Savannah Sparrows Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei of a breeding population in PRM Todos Santos Cuchumatán, dpto. Huehuetenango, Guatemala: (a) lateral; (b) dorsal, 5 June 2016; and (c) frontal view showing the neatly marked median crown-stripe, 2 July 2016 (Knut Eisermann)
Figure 1 in Nesting evidence, density and vocalisations in a resident population of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in Guatemala
Figure 1. Habitat of a breeding population of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei at 3,700 m in PRM Todos Santos Cuchumatán, dpto. Huehuetenango, Guatemala, 5 June 2016; the undulating landscape, shaped by glaciers during the late Quaternary, is currently covered with grassland dominated by Muhlenbergia quadridentata (Poaceae) (Knut Eisermann)
Fig. 3 in Altitudinal Variation In Population Density, Body Size And Morphometric Structure In C A R A B U S O D O R At U S S H I L, 1996 (C O L E O P T E R A: Carabidae)
Fig. 3. Illustration of measurements: 1-2 – elytra length (hereafter "A", 3-4 – elytra width ("B"), 5-6 – pronotum length "C"), 7-8 – pronotum width (D), 9-10 – head length (E), 11–12 – distance between the eyes (signed as "head width" or "F" in the figures).
Fig. 7 in Altitudinal Variation In Population Density, Body Size And Morphometric Structure In C A R A B U S O D O R At U S S H I L, 1996 (C O L E O P T E R A: Carabidae)
Fig. 7. Descriptive statistics of elytra length means in C. odoratus at the plots on different altitudes.
Fig. 6 in Population density and habitat of an endangered cave fish Eigenmannia vicentespelaea Triques, 1996 (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes) from a karst area in central Brazil
Fig. 6. Population densities of Eigenmannia trilineata from rio da Lapa, São Domingos karst area, central Brazil, observed from dusk until night phase during two nights (April and August 2001). Asterisk indicates that no sample was recorded in this period at April 2001.
Fig. 4 in Population density and habitat of an endangered cave fish Eigenmannia vicentespelaea Triques, 1996 (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes) from a karst area in central Brazil
Fig. 4. Box-plots showing the means and standard deviations (Sd) of population densities data for Eigenmannia vicentespelaea along the years 1999, 2000 and 2001 (a) and between the dry seasons, independent of the years (b) BDS, beginning of dry season; MDS, middle of dry season; EDS, end of dry season.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.