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Fig. 4 in A new species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from coastal basins in the Atlantic Rainforest of eastern Brazil, with phylogenetic and phylogeographic insights into the Characidium alipioi species group
Fig. 4. Fast flowing stream, type locality of Characidium cricarense, at Cachoeira do Inferno rapids in rio Cricaré, São Mateus, ES, Brazil. GPS coordinates: 18°42'24.5"S 40°16'7.2"W.
Fig. 4 in A new species and first record of Vates Burmeister, 1838 from the Atlantic Rainforest (Mantodea: Vatinae)
Fig. 4. Mid- and hind legs of Vates phoenix sp. nov., highlighting variation across male specimens. A–D. Mid femora. A. Holotype from Fazenda Recanto (MNRJ-ENT6-28441). B. Paratype from Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (MNRJ-ENT6-28447). C. Paratype from Jussaral (MNRJ-ENT6-28449). D. Paratype from Angatuba (MNRJ-ENT6-28456). – E–F. Hind femora. E. Holotype from Fazenda Recanto (MNRJ-ENT6-28441). F. Paratype from Angatuba (MNRJ-ENT6-28456). – G–J. Mid tibiae. G. Holotype from Fazenda Recanto (MNRJ-ENT6-28441). H. Paratype from Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (MNRJ-ENT6-28447). I. Paratype from Jussaral (MNRJ-ENT6-28449). J. Paratype from Angatuba (MNRJ-ENT6-28456). – K–M. Hind tibiae. K. Holotype from Fazenda Recanto (MNRJENT6-28441). L. Paratype from Jussaral (MNRJ-ENT6-28449). M. Paratype from Angatuba (MNRJENT6-28456). Scale bar: A–M = 5 mm.
Fig. 2 in A new species and first record of Vates Burmeister, 1838 from the Atlantic Rainforest (Mantodea: Vatinae)
Fig. 2. Adults of Vates phoenix sp. nov. A–B. Live specimens photographed in a studio. A. Paratype, ♂, from Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (MNRJ-ENT6-28446). B. Allotype, ♀, from Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ-ENT6-28442). – C–D. Pinned adults. C. Holotype, ♂, from Fazenda Recanto (MNRJ-ENT6-28441). D. Allotype, ♀ (MNRJ-ENT6-28442). Scale bars: C–D = 10 mm.
Figure 3 in Population structure of a native and an alien species of snail in an urban area of the Atlantic Rainforest
Figure 3. Detectability probability (A), abundance (B) and recruitment (C) estimated for Achatina fulica during the study. The error bars show 90% confidence intervals.
Figure 4 in Year-round activity patterns in a hyperdiverse community of rainforest amphibians in Madagascar
Figure 4. Canonical correspondence biplot relating amphibian species abundance along the study transect and five environmental predictors (italics, labelled as in Figure 3). Circles identify the sampling units (days) and crosses identify species. Species occurring more frequently at extreme environmental conditions are labelled using the codes presented in Table 1.
Data from: Exploring rainforest diversification using demographic model testing in the African foam-nest treefrog (Chiromantis rufescens)
Aim: Species with wide distributions spanning the African Guinean and Congolian rainforests are often composed of genetically distinct populations or cryptic species with geographic distributions that mirror the locations of the remaining forest habitats. We used phylogeographic inference and demographic model testing to evaluate diversification models in a widespread rainforest species, the African Foam-nest Treefrog (Chiromantis rufescens). Location: Guinean and Congolian rainforests, West and Central Africa. Taxon: Chiromantis rufescens. Methods: We collected mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for 130 samples of Chiromantis rufescens. After estimating population structure and inferring species trees using coalescent methods, we tested demographic models to evaluate alternative population divergence histories that varied with respect to gene flow, population size change, and periods of isolation and secondary contact. Species distribution models were used to identify regions of climatic stability that could have served as forest refugia since the Last Interglacial. Results: Population structure within Chiromantis rufescens resembles the major biogeographic regions of the Guinean and Congolian forests. Coalescent-based phylogenetic analyses provide strong support for an early divergence between the western Upper Guinean forest and the remaining populations. Demographic inferences support diversification models with gene flow and population size changes even in cases where contemporary populations are currently allopatric, which provides support for forest refugia and barrier models. Species distribution models suggest that forest refugia were available for each of the populations throughout the Pleistocene. Main conclusions: Considering historical demography is essential for understanding population diversification, especially in complex landscapes such as those found in the Guineo-Congolian forest. Population demographic inferences help connect patterns of genetic variation to diversification model predictions. The diversification history of Chiromantis rufescens was shaped by a variety of processes, including vicariance from river barriers, forest fragmentation, and adaptive evolution along environmental gradients.
Figure 7 in A new species of the genus Lasioseius (Acari: Blattisociidae) inhabiting litter of secondary rainforest in Sumatra, Indonesia
Figure 7 Lasioseius orangrimbaen. sp., adult male, lateral region of the dorsal shield, showing the insertion of the seta r6: a Seta r6 in the dorsal shield; b – Setar6 in unsclerotized lateral cuticle. No scale.
Figure 3 in A new species of the genus Lasioseius (Acari: Blattisociidae) inhabiting litter of secondary rainforest in Sumatra, Indonesia
Figure 3 Lasioseius orangrimbaen. sp., adult female: a – Pre-sternal region and sternal shield showing the punctuated area, arrow showing the narrow anteromedian strip; b – Genital shield with punctuations; c, d – Metapodal platelets, variant forms.
Figure 10 Tarsus II in A new species of the genus Lasioseius (Acari: Blattisociidae) inhabiting litter of secondary rainforest in Sumatra, Indonesia
Figure 10 Tarsus II with macroseta pl2 in adult females: a –Lasioseius orangrimbaen. sp.; b – Lasioseius laciniatus; c – Lasioseius tricuspidis. No scale. Images b–c taken from VIRMISCO (Deckeret al.2018).
Figure 1 in A new species of the genus Lasioseius (Acari: Blattisociidae) inhabiting litter of secondary rainforest in Sumatra, Indonesia
Figure 1 Lasioseius orangrimbaen. sp., adult female: Dorsal idiosoma. Note absence of setaeR1 andUR series.
Figure 9 in A new species of the genus Lasioseius (Acari: Blattisociidae) inhabiting litter of secondary rainforest in Sumatra, Indonesia
Figure 9 Lasioseius orangrimbaen. sp., adult male: a – Chelicera (antiaxial view); b – Gnathotectum.
Figure 4 in A new species of the genus Lasioseius (Acari: Blattisociidae) inhabiting litter of secondary rainforest in Sumatra, Indonesia
Figure 4 Lasioseius orangrimbaen. sp., adult female: a – Subcapitulum; b – Chelicera (antiaxial view); c – Gnathotectum.
Image 1 in Parasitic associations of a threatened Sri Lankan rainforest rodent, Mus mayori pococki (Rodentia: Muridae)
Image 1. Photomicrographs of the intestinal parasitic eggs & the larva detected in faecal samples of Mus mayori.
Figure 3. from Euastacus morgani sp. n., a new spiny crayfish (Crustacea, Decapoda, Parastacidae) from the highland rainforests of eastern New South Wales, Australia - ZooKeys 85: 17-26 (11 March 2011) https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.85.1237
Figure 3. - Location of the type locality (black square) on the northern margin of Bindarri National Park, in central eastern Australia.
Figure 2. from Euastacus morgani sp. n., a new spiny crayfish (Crustacea, Decapoda, Parastacidae) from the highland rainforests of eastern New South Wales, Australia - ZooKeys 85: 17-26 (11 March 2011) https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.85.1237
Figure 2. - Euastacus morgani sp. n. Dorsal view of body A and cheliped B, holotype specimen, AM P.84263. Dorsal view of antennal squame C, lateral view of third maxilliped D and ventral view of left hand side of cephalon showing interantennal scale E, specimen ACP 1103. Scale bars = 5 mm.
Figures 1–3. 1 in Nocturnal multi-species roosts of Cicindelidae (Coleoptera) in a Neotropical lowland rainforest
Figures 1–3. 1) Forest path #1 at the study site in lowland terra firme Venezuelan rainforest, February 1999. 2) Communal roost of Odontocheila Laporte de Castelnau spp. (O. confusa (Dejean) and O. angulipenis W. Horn/O. margineguttata (Dejean)) at the study site in lowland terra firme Venezuelan rainforest, June 1998. 3) Communal roost of Odontocheila Laporte de Castelnau spp. (O. confusa (Dejean) and O. angulipenis W. Horn/O. margineguttata (Dejean)) at the study site in lowland terra firme Venezuelan rainforest, May 1998.
Rates of species turnover across elevation vary with vertical stratum in rainforest ant assemblages
<p>Climatic variation at local scales can influence both exposure and sensitivity of organisms and thereby scale up to influence population persistence and community composition across broader geographic extents. Tropical forest canopies are more climatically dynamic than the understorey. Consequently, the niche space of forest canopies has higher overlap in thermal conditions along elevation gradients, which imposes less of a climatic barrier to arboreal species than their ground-dwelling counterparts. We use ant communities of the Australian Wet Tropics to test the prediction that ground communities should have higher rates of species turnover over elevation compared to arboreal communities. We sampled ground and arboreal ants along elevation gradients at a bioregional scale that includes four mountain sub-regions. We assessed community composition at three spatial resolutions (regional, elevation, vertical) and then calculated beta diversity (species turnover) over elevation for ground and arboreal communities using null modelling procedures to compare different-sized species pools. Vertical niche affinity was a strong contributor to overall biogeographic patterns; indicated by a strong interaction between vertical niche and elevation in beta diversity models. On average, the ground community exhibited a pronounced elevational distance-decay pattern while the arboreal community showed no pattern. Mean species turnover was 36% higher in ground than arboreal communities. Our findings suggest that the vertical niche has a pronounced effect on biogeographic patterns which has important implications for understanding the role of local scale climate conditions in shaping communities and for potential responses to future climate change.</p>
Secondary Amazon rainforest partially recovers tree cavities suitable for nesting birds in 18–34 years
<p>Passive restoration of secondary forests can partially offset loss of biodiversity following tropical deforestation. Tree cavities, an essential resource for cavity-nesting birds, are usually associated with old forest. We investigated the restoration time for tree cavities suitable for cavity-nesting birds in secondary forest at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) in central Amazonian Brazil. We hypothesized that cavity abundance would increase with forest age, but more rapidly in areas exposed to cutting only, compared to areas where forest was cut and burned. We also hypothesized that cavities would be lower, smaller, and less variable in secondary forest than in old-growth forest, which at the BDFFP is part of a vast lowland forest with no recent history of human disturbance. We used pole-mounted cameras and tree-climbing to survey cavities in 39 plots (each 200 × 40 m) across old-growth forests and 11–34 year-old secondary forests. We used generalized linear models to examine how cavity supply was related to forest age and land-use history (cut only vs cut-and-burn), and principal components analysis to compare cavity characteristics between old-growth and secondary forest. Cavity availability increased with secondary forest age, regardless of land-use history, but the oldest secondary forest (31–34 years) still had fewer cavities (mean ± SE = 9.8 ± 2.2 cavities/ha) than old-growth forest (20.5 ± 4.2 cavities/ha). Moreover, secondary forests lacked cavities that were high and deep, with large entrances – characteristics likely to be important for many species of cavity-nesting birds. Several decades may be necessary to restore cavity supply in secondary Amazonian forests, especially for the largest birds (e.g, forest-falcons and parrots > 190 g). Retention of legacy trees as forest is cleared might help maintain a supply of cavities that could allow earlier recolonization by some species of cavity-nesting birds when cleared areas are abandoned.</p>
What do we know about the missing millions of Earth's insect species: evidence from Australian tropical rainforest bark beetles?
<p><span>Only 20% of the estimated five million species of insects on Earth are named despite over 240 years of taxonomy. Yet insects are poorly represented in protected area assessments, and insect declines are of concern globally. Here we explore how to increase the discovery of new species and understanding of this group through analysis of 10,097 tropical rainforest bark beetles (Scolytinae) from eight different ecological studies using beetles between 2000 and 2018 in the Australian Wet Tropics. Of the 107 species identified, 58 are undescribed: an increase of 35% on the 166 species known from Australia. As hypothesised, new species are significantly smaller, less abundant and less widespread than described species making them more extinction prone than named species. Rarefaction indicates doubling sampling would increase the number of species by 17. Flight Interception Traps (FIT) collected 84% of individuals and 98% of species confirming the effectiveness of a single sampling method for some beetles. Increased locations and collection from the canopy may sample further species rather than additional collecting methods.<span> </span>Scolytines are relatively well studied with a cadre of taxonomists at the forefront of using modern methods to resolve formerly intractable groups. These new species are more likely to be named than others in many other beetle groups where taxonomy has largely stalled. To increase species description rates and to avoid most species becoming extinct before being named, we call on taxonomists to use new character systems provided by DNA methods and to look at working with Artificial Intelligence tools.<span> </span></span></p>
F I G U R E 5 in Another ghost of Gondwana-Progradungula barringtonensis Michalik & Smith, sp. nov., a new species of the relict spider genus Progradungula (Araneae: Gradungulidae) from a temperate rainforest in eastern Australia
F I G U R E 5 Webs of the different Progradungula species. (a–b) Webs and immature of Progradungula barringtonensis sp. nov. (c) Progradungula carraiensis (Photo: G. Campell). (d) Progradungula otwayensis (Photo: M. J. Ramirez).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.