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203 results for “rates of evolution”
Fig. 12 in Neogene radiolarian biostratigraphy and faunal evolution rates in the eastern equatorial Pacific ODP Sites 845 and 1241
Fig. 12. Radiolarians from the early Miocene to Pleistocene of the eastern equatorial Pacific. A. Lychnodictyum audax Riedel, 1953. MPC−3388; 1241A−21H−04, 62–64 cm, W15/1; Zone RN9. B. Pterocanium prismatium Riedel, 1957. MPC−3280; 845A−4HCC, R47/0; Zone RN13. C. Dictyophimus crisiae Ehrenberg, 1854. MPC−3333; 1241A−2H−05, 75–77 cm, U31/4; Zone RN15. D. Valkyria pukapuka O'Connor, 1997. MPC−3326; 845A−28XCC, O20/0; Zone RN4. E. Liriospyris parkerae Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1971. MPC−3324; 845A−26XCC, R39/0; Zone RN5. F. Dictyophimus splendens (Campbell and Clark, 1944). MPC−4835; 1241A−23H−03, 62–64 cm, K40/2; Zone RN9. G. Pterocanium korotnevi (Dogiel, 1952). MPC−3386; 1241A−20H−05, 62–64 cm, G24/0; Zone RN9. H. Acrocubus octopylus Haeckel, 1887. MPC−3326; 845A−28XCC, R39/4; Zone RN4. I. Tholospyris anthopora (Haeckel, 1887). MPC−3328; 845A−30XCC, P53/3; Zone RN4. J. Lithomelissa sp. B. MPC−3318; 845A−20HCC, P23/3; Zone RN5. K. Cycladophora davisiana Ehrenberg, 1861. MPC−3333; 1241A−2H−05, 75–77 cm, P28/2; Zone RN15. L. Tholospyris kantiana (Haeckel, 1887). MPC−3324; 845A−26XCC, X28/4; Zone RN5. M. Pterocanium sp. TX. MPC−3319; 845A−21HCC, X47/0; Zone RN5. N. Pterocanium praetextum praetextum (Ehrenberg, 1872). MPC−3357; 1241A−9H−05, 62–64 cm, E51/0; Zone RN11. O. Pterocanium praetextum eucolpum Haeckel, 1887. MPC−3338; 1241A−3H−05, 75–77 cm, R22/2; Zone RN14. P. Giraffospyris toxaria (Haeckel, 1887). MPC−3326; 845A−28XCC, R27/2; Zone RN4. Q. Acrobotrys tritubus Riedel, 1957. MPC−3299; 845A−11HCC, H48/2; Zone RN7. Scale bars 100 µm.
Fig. 11 in Neogene radiolarian biostratigraphy and faunal evolution rates in the eastern equatorial Pacific ODP Sites 845 and 1241
Fig. 11. Radiolarians from the early Miocene to Pleistocene of the eastern equatorial Pacific. A. Anthocyrtidium jenghisi Streeter, 1988. MPC−3358; 1241A−10H−03, 62–64 cm, H56/0; Zone RN11. B. Anthocyrtidium ophirense (Ehrenberg, 1872). MPC−3333; 1241A−2H−05, 75–77 cm, M52/4; Zone RN15. C. Anthocyrtidium angulare Nigrini, 1971. MPC−3345; 1241A−4H−06, 75–77 cm, J45/0; Zone RN13. D. Anthocyrtidium ehrenbergi (Stöhr, 1880). MPC−3372; 1241A−15H−03, 62–65 cm, G21/0; Zone RN9. E. Lamprocyrtis nigriniae (Caulet, 1971). MPC−3333; 1241A−2H−05, 75–77 cm, Q17/2; Zone RN15. F. Lamprocyrtis neoheteroporos Kling, 1973. MPC−3345; 1241A−4H−06, 75–77 cm, G26/0; Zone RN13. G. Lamprocyrtis heteroporos (Hays, 1965). MPC−3349; 1241A−6H−04, 77–79 cm, W35/3; Zone RN12. H. Anthocyrtidium zanguebaricum (Ehrenberg, 1872). MPC−3361; 1241A−11H−04, 62–64 cm, O20/2; Zone RN10. I. Anthocyrtidium pliocenica (Seguenza, 1880). MPC−3371; 1241A−14H−05, 62–64 cm, A14/3; Zone RN9. J. Lamprocyclas maritalis polypora Nigrini, 1967. MPC−3333; 1241A−2H−05, 75–77 cm, G53/2; Zone RN15. K. Theocorythium trachelium trachelium (Ehrenberg, 1872). MPC−3332; L Ą 1241A−2H−03, 75–77 cm, L19/0; Zone RN16.. Theocorythium trachelium dianae (Haeckel, 1887). MPC−3338; 1241A−3H−05, 75–77 cm, P26/0; Zone RN14.
Fig. 8 in Neogene radiolarian biostratigraphy and faunal evolution rates in the eastern equatorial Pacific ODP Sites 845 and 1241
Fig. 8. Radiolarians from the early Miocene to Pleistocene of the eastern equatorial Pacific. A. Spongaster berminghami (Campbell and Clark, 1944). MPC−4845; 1241A−28H−03, 62–64 cm, T51/2; Zone RN7. B. Spongaster pentas Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1970. MPC−3363; 1241A−12H−03, 62–64 cm, W33/0; Zone RN9. C. Spongaster tetras tetras Ehrenberg, 1860. MPC−3332; 1241A−2H−03, 75–77 cm, Q52/3; Zone RN16. D. Larcospira quadrangula Haeckel, 1887. MPC−3357; 1241A−9H−05, 62–64 cm, E51/0; Zone RN11. E. Larcospira moschkovskii Kruglikova, 1978. MPC−4847; 1241A−29H−03, 62–64 cm, G47/0; Zone RN7. F. Dictyocoryne ontongensis Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1971. MPC−3303; 845A−13HCC, X31/2; Zone RN6. G. Amphirhopalum ypsilon Haeckel, 1887. MPC−3332; 1241A−2H−03, 75–77 cm, T45/0; Zone RN16. H. Spongodiscus klingi Caulet, 1986. MPC−3336; 1241A−3H−03, 77–79 cm, X26/1; Zone RN14. I. Collosphaera brattstroemi Bjørklund and Goll, 1979. MPC−3317; 845A−20HCC, K51/1; Zone RN5. J. Trisolenia megalactis megalactis Ehrenberg, 1872. MPC−3317; 845A−20HCC, Q53/0; Zone RN5. K. Trisolenia megalactis costlowi Bjørklund and Goll, 1979. MPC−3324; 845A−26XCC, G37/4; Zone RN5. Scale bars 100 µm.
Fig. 9 in Neogene radiolarian biostratigraphy and faunal evolution rates in the eastern equatorial Pacific ODP Sites 845 and 1241
Fig. 9. Radiolarians from the early Miocene to Pleistocene of the eastern equatorial Pacific. A. Didymocyrtis prismatica (Haeckel, 1887). MPC−3328; 845A−30XCC, J23/2; Zone RN4. B. Didymocyrtis tubaria (Haeckel, 1887). MPC−3328; 845A−30XCC, P23/0; Zone RN4. C. Didymocyrtis violina (Haeckel, 1887). MPC−3330; 845A−31X−03, 0–2 cm, K36/0; Zone RN4. D. Didymocyrtis mammifera (Haeckel, 1887). MPC−3320; 845A−22HCC, S46/3; Zone RN5. E. Didymocyrtis laticonus (Riedel, 1959). MPC−4855; 1241A−31H−05, 62–64 cm, R49/2; Zone RN6. F. Didymocyrtis antepenultima (Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1970). MPC−4849; 1241A−30H−01, 62–64 cm, J26/3; Zone RN7. G. Didymocyrtis penultima (Riedel, 1957). MPC−3373; 1241A−15H−05, 62–64 cm, U31/0; Zone RN9. H. Didymocyrtis bassanii (Carnevale, 1908). MPC−3322; 845A−24XCC, S48/4; Zone RN5. I. Diartus hughesi (Campbell and Clark, 1944). MPC−4847; 1241A−29H−03, 62–64 cm, T25/1; Zone RN7. J. Diartus petterssoni (Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1970). MPC−4863; 1241A−34H−01, 62–64 cm, R32/4; Zone RN6. K. Didymocyrtis avita (Riedel, 1953). MPC−3373; 1241A−15H−05, 62–64 cm, V51/0; Zone RN9. L. Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus (Haeckel, 1887). MPC−3332; 1241A−2H−03, 75–76 cm, X43/0; Zone RN16. M. Periphaena decora Ehrenberg, 1873. MPC−3326; 845A−28XCC, S37/0; Zone RN4. N. Collosphaera tuberosa Haeckel, 1887. MPC−3331; 1241A−2H−02, 75–76 cm, K23/0; Zone RN16. O. Stylatractus universus Hays, 1970. MPC−3331; 1241A−2H−05, 75–77 cm, U32/0; Zone RN15. P. Axoprunum stauraxonium Haeckel, 1887. MPC−3331; 1241A−2H−02, 75–77 cm, W25/0; Zone RN16. Q. Amphisphaera? sp. D. MPC−3326; 845A−28XCC, K18/4; Zone RN4. R. Lithelius klingi Kamikuri, 2009. MPC−3324; 845A−26XCC, W34/0; Zone RN5. S. Solenosphaera omnitubus procera Sanfilippo and Riedel, 1974. MPC−3383; 1241A−19H−05, 62–64 cm, U51/3; Zone RN9. T. Solenosphaera omnitubus omnitubus Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1971. MPC−4834; 1241A−22H−05, 62–64 cm, F36/0; Zone RN9. Scale bars 100 µm.
Fig. 3 in Neogene radiolarian biostratigraphy and faunal evolution rates in the eastern equatorial Pacific ODP Sites 845 and 1241
Fig. 3. Age−depth plot of Sites 845 and 1241. Geomagnetic polarity time scale is after Ogg and Smith (2004). The symbols "N1" to "N24", "F1" and "F2" for the control correspond to those in Tables 1 and 2.
Fig. 7 in Neogene radiolarian biostratigraphy and faunal evolution rates in the eastern equatorial Pacific ODP Sites 845 and 1241
Fig. 7. Comparison of the appearance and extinction rates of radiolarians in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the last 17 Ma with a generalized benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotope curve and tectonic events. The isotope curve is after Mix et al. (1995) for the interval between 0 and 2.5 Ma and after Kennett (1986) for the interval between 2.5 and 17 Ma. The isotope curve has been updated to the ATNTS 2004 (Ogg and Smith, 2004) through paleomagnetic correlation provided by Barton and Bloemendal (1986). The isotope events are after Miller et al. (1991) and Barron and Baldauf (1990).
Fig. 2 in Neogene radiolarian biostratigraphy and faunal evolution rates in the eastern equatorial Pacific ODP Sites 845 and 1241
Fig. 2. Modern surface water circulation and location of ODP Sites 845 and 1241 used to determine stratigraphic ranges of radiolarian species in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. NEC, North Equatorial Current; ECC, Equatorial Countercurrent; SEC, South Equatorial Current.
Building behaviour does not drive rates of phenotypic evolution in spiders
<p>This data set contains raw data tables, scripts and supplemental figures supporting the article Wolff et al. (2021, PNAS 118: e2102693118). In our study we assembled morphometric and ecological trait data of spiders from literature and de novo measurements and observations and used this data to infer the rates of morphological change over deep time in relation to web building behaviour.</p>
Diadromy drives elevated rates of trait evolution and ecomorphological convergence in Clupeiformes (herring, shad, and anchovies)
<p>Migration can have a profound influence on rates and patterns of phenotypic evolution. Diadromy is the migration between marine and freshwater habitats for feeding and reproduction that can require individuals to travel tens to thousands of kilometers. The high energetic demands of diadromy are predicted to select for ecomorphological traits that maximize swimming and locomotor efficiency. Intraspecific studies have shown repeated instances of divergence among diadromous and non-diadromous populations in locomotor and foraging traits, which suggests that at a macroevolutionary scale, diadromous lineages may experience convergent evolution onto one or multiple adaptive optima. We tested for differences in rates and patterns of phenotypic evolution among diadromous and non-diadromous lineages in Clupeiformes, a clade that has evolved diadromy more than 10 times. Our results show that diadromous clupeiforms show convergent evolution for some locomotor traits, and faster rates of evolution, which we propose are adaptive responses to the locomotor demands of migration. We also find evidence that diadromous lineages show convergence into multiple regions of multivariate traitspace and suggest these respective traitspaces are associated with differences in migration and trophic ecology. However, not all locomotor traits and no trophic traits show evidence of convergence or elevated rates of evolution associated with diadromy. Our results show that long-distance migration influences the tempo and patterns of phenotypic evolution at macroevolutionary scales, but there is not a single diadromous syndrome. </p>
Data from: Diversification rates have no effect on the convergent evolution of foraging strategies in the most speciose genus of bats, Myotis
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Diadromy drives elevated rates of trait evolution and ecomorphological convergence in Clupeiformes (herring, shad, and anchovies)
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Data for: Faster evolution of a premating reproductive barrier is not associated with faster speciation rates in New World passerine birds
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Data from: Convergent rates of protein evolution identify novel targets of sexual selection in primates
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Rapid in situ diversification rates in Rhamnaceae explain the parallel evolution of high diversity in temperate biomes from global to local scales
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Data from: Exploring rates of change and modes of evolution in blastozoan echinoderms
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Building behaviour does not drive rates of phenotypic evolution in spiders
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Heterogeneity in the rate of molecular sequence evolution substantially impacts the accuracy of detecting shifts in diversification rates
<p>As species richness varies along the tree of life, there is a great interest in identifying factors that affect the rates by which lineages speciate or go extinct. To this end, theoretical biologists have developed a suit of phylogenetic comparative methods that aim to identify where shifts in diversification rates had occurred along a phylogeny and whether they are associated with some traits. Using these methods, numerous studies have predicted that speciation and extinction rates vary across the tree of life. In this study we show that asymmetric rates of sequence evolution rates lead to systematic biases in the inferred phylogeny, which in turn lead to erroneous inferences regarding lineage diversification patterns. The results demonstrate that as the asymmetry in sequence evolution rates increases, so does the tendency to select more complicated models that include the possibility of diversification rate shifts. These results thus suggest that any inference regarding shifts in diversification pattern should be treated with great caution, at least until any biases regarding the molecular substitution rate have been ruled out.</p>
Elevated rates of positive selection drive the evolution of pestiferousness in the Colorado potato beetle ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Say)
<p class="Paragraph">In order to understand the evolution of pestiferousness, which we define as the accumulation of traits that contribute to an insect population's success in an agroecosystem, we tested the importance of known genomic properties associated with rapid adaptation. Within the leaf beetle genus <i>Leptinotarsa</i>, only the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), <i>Leptinotarsa decemlineata</i> Say, and a few populations therein, has risen to pest status on cultivated nightshades, <i>Solanum</i>. Using whole genomes from ten closely related <i>Leptinotarsa</i> species native to the United States we reconstructed a high-quality species tree and used this phylogenetic framework to assess evolutionary patterns in four genomic features of rapid adaptation: standing genetic variation, gene family expansion and contraction, transposable element variation, and positive selection at protein coding genes. Throughout approximately 20 million years of history, <i>Leptinotarsa</i> species show little evidence of gene family turnover and transposable element variation. However, there is a clear pattern of recently derived lineages, including CPB, experiencing higher rates of positive selection on protein coding genes. We determine these rates are associated with greater standing genetic variation due to larger effective population size, which support the theory that the demographic history contributes to rates of protein evolution. Furthermore, we identify a suite of genes under positive selection that are linked to pestiferousness, exclusively, in the Colorado potato beetle lineage. They are involved in the biological processes of xenobiotic detoxification, chemosensation, and hormone function.</p>
Developmental life history is associated with variation in rates of climatic niche evolution in a salamander adaptive radiation
Rates of climatic niche evolution vary widely across the tree of life and are strongly associated with rates of diversification and the accumulation of species diversity among clades. However, why the climatic niche evolves more rapidly in some lineages than others remains unclear. Variation in life history traits often plays a key role in determining the environmental conditions under which species can survive, and therefore, could impact the rate at which lineages can expand in available climatic niche space. Here, we explore the relationships among life-history variation, climatic niche breadth, and rates of climatic niche evolution. We reconstruct a new phylogeny for the genus Desmognathus, an adaptive radiation of salamanders distributed across eastern North America, based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Using this phylogeny, we estimate rates of climatic niche evolution for species with long, short, and no aquatic larval stage. Rates of climatic niche evolution are unrelated to the mean climatic niche breadth of species with different life histories. Instead, we find that the evolution of a short larval period promotes greater exploration of climatic space, leading to increased rates of climatic niche evolution across species having this trait. We propose that morphological and physiological differences associated with variation in larval stage length underlie the heterogeneous ability of lineages to explore climatic niche space. Rapid rates of climatic niche evolution among lineages with short larval periods were an important dimension of the clade's adaptive radiation and likely contributed to the rapid rate of lineage accumulation following the evolution of an aquatic life history in this clade. Our results show how variation in a key life-history trait can constrain or promote divergence of the climatic niche, leading to variation in rates of climatic niche evolution among lineages.
Data from: A Bayesian approach for inferring the impact of a discrete character on rates of continuous-character evolution in the presence of background-rate variation
Understanding how and why rates of character evolution vary across the Tree of Life is central to many evolutionary questions; e.g., does the trophic apparatus (a set of continuous characters) evolve at a higher rate in fish lineages that dwell in reef versus non-reef habitats (a discrete character)? Existing approaches for inferring the relationship between a discrete character and rates of continuous-character evolution rely on comparing a null model (in which rates of continuous-character evolution are constant across lineages) to an alternative model (in which rates of continuous-character evolution depend on the state of the discrete character under consideration). However, these approaches are susceptible to a "straw-man" effect: the influence of the discrete character is inflated because the null model is extremely unrealistic. Here, we describe MuSSCRat, a Bayesian approach for inferring the impact of a discrete trait on rates of continuous-character evolution in the presence of alternative sources of rate variation ("background-rate variation"). We demonstrate by simulation that our method is able to reliably infer the degree of state-dependent rate variation, and show that ignoring background-rate variation leads to biased inferences regarding the degree of state-dependent rate variation in grunts (the fish group Haemulidae).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.