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53 results for “rattans”
FIGURE 7. Calamus kostermansii. A. Leaf sheath with ocrea and infructescence base. B. Leaf apex. C. Mid-leaf portion. D in More new rattans from New Guinea and the Solomon Islands (Calamus, Arecaceae)
FIGURE 7. Calamus kostermansii. A. Leaf sheath with ocrea and infructescence base. B. Leaf apex. C. Mid-leaf portion. D. Portion of infructescence. E. Fruit. Scale bar: A = 3 cm; B–D = 4 cm; E = 1 cm. All from Kostermans K10. Drawn by Lucy T. Smith.
FIGURE 11. Calamus superciliatus. A. Leaf sheath with flagellum. B. Leaf diagram. C. Leaf apex. D in More new rattans from New Guinea and the Solomon Islands (Calamus, Arecaceae)
FIGURE 11. Calamus superciliatus. A. Leaf sheath with flagellum. B. Leaf diagram. C. Leaf apex. D. Primary branch of staminate inflorescence. E. Staminate rachilla. F. Fruit. G, H. Seed in two views. I. Seed in longitudinal section. Scale bar: A, D = 3 cm; B = 30 cm; C = 6 cm; E = 7 mm; E= 3.3 mm, F–I = 8.5 mm. A–E from Baker et al. 1370, F–I from Baker et al. 1385. Drawn by Lucy T. Smith.
FIGURE 2. Calamus capillosus. A in More new rattans from New Guinea and the Solomon Islands (Calamus, Arecaceae)
FIGURE 2. Calamus capillosus. A. Leaf sheath with base of inflorescence. B. Leaf apex. C. Mid-leaf portion. D. Primary branch of staminate inflorescence. E. Staminate rachilla. F. Staminate flower bud. G. Staminate flower bud in longitudinal section. Scale bar: A, D. = 2.5 cm; B, C = 3 cm; E= 7 mm, F, G = 1.6 cm. All from Ave 4048. Drawn by Lucy T. Smith.
FIGURE 10. Calamus pintaudii. A. Leaf sheath with tattering ocrea. B. Leaf apex. C. Mid-leaf portion D in More new rattans from New Guinea and the Solomon Islands (Calamus, Arecaceae)
FIGURE 10. Calamus pintaudii. A. Leaf sheath with tattering ocrea. B. Leaf apex. C. Mid-leaf portion D. Primary branch of pistillate inflorescence. E. Staminate rachilla. F. Fruit on rachilla. G. Fruit. H. Seed in two views. I. Seed in longitudinal section. Scale bar: A, F = 3 cm; B–D = 4 cm; E = 1.5 cm; G–I = 1.5 cm. A, D from Zieck NGF 36189; B, C, E–I from Pintaud et al. 671. Drawn by Lucy T. Smith.
FIGURE 6. Calamus katikii. A. Leaf sheath with whole leaf and infructescence B. Fruit. C in More new rattans from New Guinea and the Solomon Islands (Calamus, Arecaceae)
FIGURE 6. Calamus katikii. A. Leaf sheath with whole leaf and infructescence B. Fruit. C. Seed in two views. D. Seed in longitudinal section. Scale bar: A = 3 cm; B–D = 1 cm. All from Katik LAE 74954. Drawn by Lucy T. Smith.
FIGURE 6 in Two new species of rattans (Calamus, Arecaceae) from forests over limestone in the Philippines
FIGURE 6. The distribution map of Calamus warayanus and closely related rattans based on herbarium records. The gray-shaded area approximates the c. 150 meters below sea level bathymetry line which shows several Pleistocene Aggregated Island Complexes (PAIC) (Heaney 1986).
FIGURE 5 in Two new species of rattans (Calamus, Arecaceae) from forests over limestone in the Philippines
FIGURE 5. Calamus warayanus Adorador & Fernando. Pistillate plant with inflorescence branched to two orders (A), staminate plant with inflorescence branched up to 3 orders (B), apical shoot showing basal portions of young leaves (C), distal portions of the leaf (D), close-up of staminate rachillae (E), close-up of staminate flower (F), longitudinal section showing stamens (G) and a plantlet arising from cut stems (H). A = from J.T. Adorador 022; B-G = from J.T. Adorador 055). Scale bar: A & B = 10 cm, C =7 cm, D = 5cm, E = 1cm, F & G = 3.5mm, H = 15 cm. Drawn by C.A.T. Rodelas.
FIGURE 4. Calamus warayanusAdorador & Fernando. A in Two new species of rattans (Calamus, Arecaceae) from forests over limestone in the Philippines
FIGURE 4. Calamus warayanusAdorador & Fernando. A single stem from the cluster (A), close-up of stem, showinh spinescence, knee, and basal portion of leaf (B), short-lanceolate leaflets grouped in pairs (C), dried pistillate inflorescence axes (D), staminate inflorescence branching to 3-orders (E), close-up of staminate rachillae (F), young plantlets from cut stem (G) and clustering habit of a seedlings. Locality: Barangay Tenani, Paranas, Samar (B,E,F = from J.T. Adorador 055; D = from J.T. Adorador 022). Scale bar: B = 2.5 cm, C = 6 cm, D & G = 10 cm, E = 20, F = 4 mm, H = 15 cm. Photos A‒I (Jiro T. Adorador).
FIGURE 1 in Two new species of rattans (Calamus, Arecaceae) from forests over limestone in the Philippines
FIGURE 1. Calamus carsicola Adorador & Fernando. Clustering habit (A), close-up of stem showing ocrea, spinescence, flagella and leaf base (B), young developing leaf, adaxial surface (C), or abaxial surface showing white indumentum (D), basal portion of staminate inflorescence showing first partial (E), close-up of staminate rachillae (F), infructescence (G), and close-up of pear-shaped fruits. Locality: Barangay San Rafael, Taft, Eastern Samar A,B,F = from J.T. Adorador 072; D,G,H = from J.T. Adorador 133). Scale bar: B = 3 cm, C = 4 cm, D & G = 20 cm, E = 10 cm, F = 2 mm, H = 1 cm. Photos A‒I (Jiro T. Adorador).
FIGURE 3 in Two new species of rattans (Calamus, Arecaceae) from forests over limestone in the Philippines
FIGURE 3. The distribution map of Calamus carsicola and closely related rattans based on herbarium records. The gray-shaded area approximates the c. 150 meters below sea level bathymetry line which shows several Pleistocene Aggregated Island Complexes (PAIC) (Heaney 1986).
FIGURE 2 in Two new species of rattans (Calamus, Arecaceae) from forests over limestone in the Philippines
FIGURE 2. Calamus carsicola Adorador & Fernando. Close-up of stem showing ocrea, spinescence, flagella and leaf base (A), leaf (B), staminate inflorescence (C), distal partial inflorescence (D), close-up of staminate flower (E) and a near-mature fruit (F). A‒E = from J.T. Adorador 072; F = from J.T. Adorador 133. Scale bar: A = 4 cm, B = 7 cm, C = 6 cm, D = 4 cm, E = 2.5 mm, F = 1 cm. Drawn by C.A.T. Rodelas.
Data from: Morphometric analysis of the rattan Calamus javensis complex (Arecaceae: Calamoideae)
Calamus javensis (Calamoideae) is a slender rattan common in tropical rainforests. The species is very polymorphic and forms a species complex together with some undetermined forms and the species C. acuminatus, C. amplijugus, C. congestiflorus, C. corrugatus, C. elopurensis, C. hypertrichosus, C. impar, and C. tenompokensis.Within the complex, themorphological variation and similarities among the entities are too difficult to solve with traditional morphological observation. Therefore, two multivariate analyses, MDS (multidimensional scaling) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) with UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) were used for two datasets, quantitative data only and in combination with qualitative data. The inclusion of qualitative characters did not make significant differences in the cluster results. Of all nine taxa included in the complex, only two clusters resulted from the analysis next to two forms based on few specimens. Only C. tenompokensis was recognized as a separate cluster, while all other taxa were combined into one typical C. javensis cluster. Morematerial may result in the recognition of the two forms as distinct species.
FIGURE 1. Calamus kebariensis. A in Calamus kebariensis (Arecaceae)-a new montane rattan from New Guinea
FIGURE 1. Calamus kebariensis. A. Habit with leaf sheaths, leaves and pistillate inflorescences. B. Pistillate rachilla. C. Leaf sheath and infructescence. D. Fruit. E, F. Seed in two views. G. Seed in longitudinal section. Scale bar: A = 4 cm; B = 7 mm; C = 2 cm; D–G = 1 cm. A–C from Maturbongs 73; D–G from Maturbongs 75. Drawn by Lucy T. Smith
FIGURE 14. Calamus womersleyi. A. Leaf sheath with ocrea and flagellum. B. Leaf diagram. C. Mid-leaf portion. D. Leaf apex. E in New rattans from New Guinea (Calamus, Arecaceae)
FIGURE 14. Calamus womersleyi. A. Leaf sheath with ocrea and flagellum. B. Leaf diagram. C. Mid-leaf portion. D. Leaf apex. E. Details of leaf rachis with indumentum. F. Portion of pistillate inflorescence. G. Portion of staminate inflorescence. H. Portion of pistillate rachilla. I. Fruit. J, K. Seed in two views. L. Seed in longitudinal section. Scale bar: A = 2.5 cm; B = 24 cm; C, D = 6 cm; E = 1.5 cm; F, G = 8 cm; H, J–L = 7 mm; I = 7 mm. A, C–E, G from Moore & Womersley 9285; B, F, H from Womersley & Thorne NGF 12753; I–L from Womersley & Thorne NGF 12758. Drawn by Lucy T. Smith.
FIGURE 13. Calamus spiculiferus. A in New rattans from New Guinea (Calamus, Arecaceae)
FIGURE 13. Calamus spiculiferus. A. Leaf sheath with portion of flagellum. B. Detail of leaf sheath spicule. C. Leaf diagram. D. Leaf apex. E. Primary branch of infructescence. F. Portion of primary branch of staminate inflorescence. G. Portion of staminate rachilla with flower buds. H. Staminate flower bud in longitudinal section. I. Fruit. J, K. Seed in two views. L. Seed in longitudinal section. Scale bar: A = 4 cm; B = 1.8 mm; C = 30 cm; D–F = 6 cm; G = 3.3 mm; H = 2.2 mm; I = 1 cm; J–L = 7 mm. A, B, F–H from Zieck NGF 36558; C–E, I–L from Brass 13341. Drawn by Lucy T. Smith.
FIGURE 9. Calamus oresbius. A. Leaf sheath with staminate inflorescence. B. Whole leaf. C. Leaflet detail showing transverse veinlets. D in New rattans from New Guinea (Calamus, Arecaceae)
FIGURE 9. Calamus oresbius. A. Leaf sheath with staminate inflorescence. B. Whole leaf. C. Leaflet detail showing transverse veinlets. D. Portion of pistillate inflorescence. E. Staminate rachilla. F. Portion of pistillate rachilla. G, H. Pistillate flower whole and in longitudinal section. I. Fruit. J, K. Seed in two views. L. Seed in longitudinal section. Scale bar: A, D = 3 cm; B = 6 cm; C = 1 cm; E, F = 5 mm; G, H = 3 mm, I = 1 cm; J–L = 7 mm. A–C, E from Baker et al. 627; D, F–H from Baker et al. 609; I–L from Baker et al. 624. Drawn by Lucy T. Smith.
FIGURE 12. Calamus spanostachys. A in New rattans from New Guinea (Calamus, Arecaceae)
FIGURE 12. Calamus spanostachys. A. Habit, including leaf sheath, leaf and pistillate inflorescences. B. Leaf sheath with staminate inflorescence. C. Staminate rachilla. D. Pistillate rachilla with young fruit. E, F. Staminate flower bud whole and in longitudinal section. G. Fruit. Scale bar: A = 4 cm; B = 3 cm; C = 2.5 mm; D = 4 mm; E, F = 1.1 mm; G = 7 mm. All from van Leeuwen 10473. Drawn by Lucy T. Smith.
FIGURE 8. Calamus nanduensis. A. Leaf sheath with ocrea. B. Leaf apex. C in New rattans from New Guinea (Calamus, Arecaceae)
FIGURE 8. Calamus nanduensis. A. Leaf sheath with ocrea. B. Leaf apex. C. Portion of pistillate inflorescence. D. Pistillate rachilla with immature fruit. Scale bar: A = 3 cm; B, C = 4 cm; D = 7 mm. From Banka et al. 2010. Drawn by Lucy T. Smith.
FIGURE 11. Calamus sashae. A in New rattans from New Guinea (Calamus, Arecaceae)
FIGURE 11. Calamus sashae. A. Leaf sheath with portion of flagellum. B. Leaf apex. C. Mid-leaf portion. D. Primary branch of infructescence. E. Pistillate rachilla with fruit. F. Rachilla. Scale bar: A = 4 cm; B–D= 6 cm; E = 2 cm; F = 1 cm. All from Dransfield et al. JD 7601. Drawn by Lucy T. Smith.
FIGURE 10. Calamus retroflexus. A. Leaf sheath with basal leaflets. B. Leaf diagram. C. Leaf apex. D in New rattans from New Guinea (Calamus, Arecaceae)
FIGURE 10. Calamus retroflexus. A. Leaf sheath with basal leaflets. B. Leaf diagram. C. Leaf apex. D. Primary branch of pistillate inflorescence. E. Portion of staminate inflorescence primary branch with rachillae. F. Pistillate rachilla. Scale bar: A, C = 4 cm; B = 30 cm; D = 6 cm; E = 1.5 cm; F = 7 mm. A, D, F from Dransfield et al. JD 7723; B, C, E from Maturbongs et al. 651. Drawn by Lucy T. Smith.
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