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opencc-by-4.0Mar 2021View details →

Figura 1 in Las especies del grupo de Hypodynerus caupolicanus (Reed, 1893) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae), con descripción de dos nuevas especies de Chile

Figura 1. Hypodynerus aceitunoi sp. nov. A. Vista lateral izquierda. B. Vista dorsal. C. Cabeza vista frontal. D. Clípeo vista lateral. / A. Left side view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head frontal view. D. Clypeus lateral view.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2004View details →

Fig. 1 in Area Requirements Of Passerine Birds In The Reed Archipelago Of Lake Velence, Hungary

Fig. 1. Incidence functions of the 8 passerine bird species observed on the 109 reed islands at Lake Velence, Hungary. Abbreviations: Acraru = Acrocephalus arundinaceus, Acrsci = A. scirpaceus, Acrsch = A. schoenobaenus, Acrmel = A. melanopogon, Loclus = Locustella luscinioides, Panbia = Panurus biarmicus, Embsch = Emberiza schoeniclus, Lussve = Luscinia svecica

Fig. 3 in A New Talitrid Genus and Species, Lowryella wadai, from Estuarine Reed Marshes of Western Japan (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae)

Fig. 3. Lowryella wadai gen. et sp. nov. Male 9.9 mm (holotype, NSMT-Cr 24358), A–G, L, M, P; ovig. female 8.2 mm (allotype, NSMT-Cr 24359), H–K, N, O, Q, R. A, head; B, antenna 1; C, antenna 2; D, upper lip; E, lower lip; F, maxilla 1; G, maxilla 2; H, left mandible; I, distal part of right mandible; J, maxilliped; K, articles 3 and 4 of maxillipedal palp (ventral view); L, N, gnathopod 1; M, O, distal articles of gnathopod 1; P, Q, gnathopod 2; R, oostegite of gnathopod 2. Scale 1, 0.5 mm for N and Q; scale 2, 1 mm for B and C; scale 3, 1 mm for L, P, and R, 0.4 mm for O; scale 4, 2 mm for A, 0.5 mm for D–I, 0.2 mm for J, K, and M.

Fig. 5 in A New Talitrid Genus and Species, Lowryella wadai, from Estuarine Reed Marshes of Western Japan (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae)

Fig. 5. Lowryella wadai gen. et sp. nov. Male 9.9 mm (holotype, NSMT-Cr 24358). A–C, pleonite side plates 1–3; D, F, G, pleopods 1–3; E, retinacula of pleopod 1; H–J, uropods 1–3; K, telson. Scale 1, 1 mm for A–D, F–I, 0.1 mm for E; scale 2, 0.5 mm for J and K.

Fig. 4 in A New Talitrid Genus and Species, Lowryella wadai, from Estuarine Reed Marshes of Western Japan (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae)

Fig. 4. Lowryella wadai gen. et sp. nov. Male 9.9 mm (holotype, NSMT-Cr 24358), A–K, O–S; ovig. female 8.2 mm (allotype, NSMT-Cr 24359), L–N. A, M, pereopod 3; C, E, G, pereopods 4–6; I, L, pereopod 7; B, D, F, H, J, distal parts of pereopods 3–7 (arrow in B points to locking robust-seta); K, enlarged serrate seta (distal half) on propodus of pereopod 7; N, oostegite of pereopod 5; O–S, coxal gills of gnathopod 2 and pereopods 3–6. Scale 1, 0.2 mm for B, D, F, H, and J; scale 2, 1 mm for A, C, E, G, and I; scale 3, 1 mm for L and M; scale 4, 1 mm for N–S, 0.1 mm for K.

Fig. 2 in A New Talitrid Genus and Species, Lowryella wadai, from Estuarine Reed Marshes of Western Japan (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae)

Fig. 2. Photos of fixed specimens of Lowryella wadai gen. et sp. nov. Upper, male 6.5 mm (paratype, NSMT-Cr 24360); lower, female 7.8 mm (paratype, NSMT-Cr 24362). Scale: 2 mm.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

dryad40/100

Potential local adaptation in populations of invasive reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) across an urbanization gradient

Urban stressors represent strong selective gradients that can elicit evolutionary change, especially in non-native species that may harbor substantial within-population variability. To test whether urban stressors drive phenotypic differentiation and influence local adaptation, we compared stress responses of populations of a ubiquitous invader, reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea). Specifically, we quantified responses to salt, copper, and zinc additions by reed canary grass collected from four populations spanning an urbanization gradient (natural, rural, moderate urban and intense urban). We measured ten phenotypic traits and trait plasticities, because reed canary grass is known to be highly plastic and because plasticity may enhance invasion success. We tested the following hypotheses: 1) source populations vary systematically in their stress response, with the intense urban population least sensitive and the natural population most sensitive, and 2) plastic responses are adaptive under stressful conditions. We found clear trait variation among populations, with the greatest divergence in traits and trait plasticities between the natural and intense urban populations. The intense urban population showed stress tolerator characteristics for resource acquisition traits including leaf dry matter content and specific root length. Trait plasticity varied among populations for over half the traits measured, highlighting that plasticity differences were as common as trait differences. Plasticity in root mass ratio and specific root length were adaptive in some contexts, suggesting that natural selection by anthropogenic stressors may have contributed to root trait differences. Reed canary grass populations in highly urbanized wetlands may therefore be evolving enhanced tolerance to urban stressors, suggesting a mechanism by which invasive species may proliferate across urban wetland systems generally.

Fig. 4 in Daytime Activity Of Reed Passerine Birds Based On Mist-Netting

Fig. 4. Daily activity of juvenile (black columns) and adult (dotted columns) reedbed passerines in National Nature Reserve Parížske močiare marsh in the late breeding periods of 1999–2004

Fig. 2 in Daytime Activity Of Reed Passerine Birds Based On Mist-Netting

Fig. 2. The morning (left) and evening (right) mean capture times (±SE) of reedbed passerines in National Nature Reserve Parížske močiare marsh in the late breeding periods of 1999–2004. (Llus: Locustella luscinioides (n = 293), Amel: Acrocephalus melanopogon (n = 78), Asch: A. schoenobaenus (n = 445), Apal: A. palustris (n = 112), Asci: A. scirpaceus (n = 1270), Aaru: A. arundinaceus (n =

Fig. 1 in Daytime Activity Of Reed Passerine Birds Based On Mist-Netting

Fig. 1. Capture rates of reedbed passerines mist netted in National Nature Reserve Parížske močiare marsh in the late breeding periods of 1999–2004

opencc-by-4.0May 2007View details →

Figs 17–24. C in The Morphology Of Adults Of Cryptonevra Lioy, 1864 Species (Diptera, Chloropidae) Occurring On The Common Reed (Phragmites Australis)

Figs 17–24. C. diadema. Epandrium: 17 = posterior view, 18 = anterior view, 19 = anterior lobe, antero-ventral view, 20 = ventral view; Hypandrium and phallic complex: 21 = frontal view, 22 =

opencc-by-4.0May 2007View details →

Figs 9–16. C in The Morphology Of Adults Of Cryptonevra Lioy, 1864 Species (Diptera, Chloropidae) Occurring On The Common Reed (Phragmites Australis)

Figs 9–16. C. nigritarsis. Epandrium: 9 = posterior view, 10 = anterior view, 11 = anterior lobe, antero-ventral view, 12 = ventral view; Hypandrium and phallic complex: 13 = frontal view, 14 =

opencc-by-4.0May 2007View details →

Figs 1–8. C in The Morphology Of Adults Of Cryptonevra Lioy, 1864 Species (Diptera, Chloropidae) Occurring On The Common Reed (Phragmites Australis)

Figs 1–8. C. flavitarsis. Epandrium: 1 = posterior view, 2 = anterior view, 3 = anterior lobe, antero-ventral view, 4 = ventral view; Hypandrium and phallic complex: 5 = frontal view, 6 = phal-

Fig. 3 in Daytime Activity Of Reed Passerine Birds Based On Mist-Netting

Fig. 3. Morning (white), daily (dotted) and evening (black) activity of reedbed passerines in National Nature Reserve Parížske močiare marsh in the late breeding periods of 1999–2004. (Llus: Locustella luscinioides, Amel: Acrocephalus melanopogon, Asch: A. schoenobaenus, Apal: A. palustris, Asci: A.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2016View details →

Figure 1 in The effects of weather and reed management on nesting parameters of the Great Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus arundinaceus (Aves: Sylviidae)

Figure 1. The relationship between mean water depth and nest density of the Great Reed Warbler at the Bager Pond for the period 2008-2016.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2016View details →

Figure 2 in The effects of weather and reed management on nesting parameters of the Great Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus arundinaceus (Aves: Sylviidae)

Figure 2. The relationship between the amount of precipitation and nesting success of the Great Reed Warbler at the Bager Pond for the period 2008-2016.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →

Fig. 3. Correlation coefficients estimated between water quality indicators and morphological Fig. 4 in Investigation Of Common Reed Regrowth On The Shores Of Recreational Lakes

Fig. 3. Correlation coefficients estimated between water quality indicators and morphological Fig. 4. The number of holidaymakers near parameters of common reeds on the shores of Bridvaisis, Gaustvinis and Gilius lakes (in the Bridvaisis, Gaustvinis and Gilius Lakes. The order from the bottom to the top) and differences boundary of the continuous line side indicates in morphological parameters of plants after the cases where p <0.01; dashed lines, where p <0.05. holidaymakers' visits.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →

Fig. 2 in Investigation Of Common Reed Regrowth On The Shores Of Recreational Lakes

Fig. 2. Differences in water temperature (graph on the left) and dissolved oxygen concentration (graph on the right) of Bridvaisis, Gaustvinis and Gilius lakes in May-September, 2017.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →

Fig.1 in Investigation Of Common Reed Regrowth On The Shores Of Recreational Lakes

Fig.1. Water temperature (graph on the left) and dissolved oxygen concentration (graph on the right) of Bridvaisis, Gaustvinis and Gilius lakes in May-September, 2017.