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102 results for “regional history”
Data from: Genomic regions with a history of divergent selection affect fitness of hybrids between two butterfly species
Speciation is the process by which reproductively isolated lineages arise, and is one of the fundamental means by which the diversity of life increases. Whereas numerous studies have documented an association between ecological divergence and reproductive isolation, relatively little is known about the role of natural selection in genome divergence during the process of speciation. Here we use genome-wide DNA sequences and Bayesian models to test the hypothesis that loci under divergent selection between two butterfly species (Lycaeides idas and L. melissa) also affect fitness in an admixed population. Locus-specific measures of genetic differentiation between L. idas and L. melissa and genomic introgression in hybrids varied across the genome. The most differentiated genetic regions were characterized by elevated L. idas ancestry in the admixed population, which occurs in L. idas-like habitat, consistent with the hypothesis that local adaptation contributes to speciation. Moreover, locus-specific measures of genetic differentiation (a metric of divergent selection) were positively associated with extreme genomic introgression (a metric of hybrid fitness). Interestingly, concordance of differentiation and introgression was only partial. We discuss multiple, complementary explanations for this partial concordance.
Data from: Haplotype structure, adaptive history and associations with exploratory behaviour of the DRD4 gene region in four great tit (Parus major) populations
The assessment of genetic architecture and selection history in genes for behavioural traits is fundamental to our understanding of how these traits evolve. The dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene is a prime candidate for explaining genetic variation in novelty seeking behaviour, a commonly assayed personality trait in animals. Previously we showed that a single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 3 of this gene is associated with exploratory behaviour in at least one of four Western European great tit (Parus major) populations. These heterogeneous association results were explained by potential variable linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns between this marker and the causal variant or by other genetic or environmental differences among the populations. Different adaptive histories are further hypothesized to have contributed to these population differences. Here, we genotyped 98 polymorphisms of the complete DRD4 gene including the flanking regions for 595 individuals of the four populations. We show that the LD structure, specifically around the original exon 3 SNP is conserved across the four populations and does not explain the heterogeneous association results. Study-wide significant associations with exploratory behaviour were detected in more than one haplotype block around exon 2, 3 and 4 in two of the four tested populations with different allele effect models. This indicates genetic heterogeneity in the association between multiple DRD4 polymorphisms and exploratory behaviour across populations. The association signals were in or close to regions with signatures of positive selection. We therefore hypothesize that variation in exploratory and other dopamine-related behaviour evolves locally by occasional adaptive shifts in the frequency of underlying genetic variants.
Data from: Nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA analyses reveal the regional genetic structure and phylogeographical history of a sanguivorous land leech, Haemadipsa japonica, in Japan
Recent molecular studies have indicated that phylogeographical history of Japanese biota is likely shaped by geohistory along with biological events, such as distribution shifts, isolation, and divergence of populations. However, the genetic structure and phylogeographical history of terrestrial Annelida species, including leech species, are poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to understand the genetic structure and phylogeographical history across the natural range of Haemadipsa japonica, a sanguivorous land leech species endemic to Japan, by using nine polymorphic nuclear microsatellites (nSSR) and cytochrome oxidase subunit one (COI) sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Analyses using nSSR revealed that H. japonica exhibited a stronger regional genetic differentiation among populations (G'ST = 0.77) than other animal species, probably because of the low mobility of land leech. Analyses using mtDNA indicated that H. japonica exhibited two distinct lineages (A and B), which were estimated to have diverged in the middle Pleistocene and probably because of range fragmentation resulting from climatic change and glacial and interglacial cycles. Lineage A was widely distributed across Japan, and lineage B was found in southwestern Japan. Analyses using nSSR revealed that lineage A was roughly divided into two population groups (i.e., northeastern and southwestern Japan); these analyses also revealed a gradual decrease in genetic diversity with increasing latitude in lineage A and a strong genetic drift in populations of northeastern Japan. Combined with the largely unresolved shallow polytomies from the mtDNA phylogeny, these results implied that lineage A may have undergone a rapid northward migration, probably during the Holocene. Then, the regional genetic structure with local unique gene pools may have been formed within each lineage because of the low mobility of this leech species.
Data from: Hybridization alters early life-history traits and increases plant colonization success in a novel region
Hybridization is hypothesized to promote invasiveness, but empirical tests comparing the performance of hybrid versus parental taxa in novel regions are lacking. We experimentally compared colonization ability of populations of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) versus populations of advanced-generation hybrids between wild and cultivated radish (R. sativus) in a southeast Texas pasture, well beyond the known invasive range of hybrid radish. We also manipulated the strength of interspecific competition to better generalize across variable environments. In both competitive environments, hybrid populations produced at least three times more seeds than wild radish populations, a distinction that was driven by greater hybrid seedling emergence, earlier hybrid emergence and more hybrid seedlings surviving to flower, rather than by greater individual fecundity. Flowering duration in hybrids was less negatively affected by competition than it was in wild radishes, while early emergence was associated with subsequent high seed output in both biotypes. Our data show that hybridization can enhance colonization success in a novel region, and, by comparison with previous studies, that the life-history traits enhancing hybrid success can differ across regions, even for lineages originating from the same hybridization event. These results imply a much larger arena for hybrid success than previously appreciated.
FIGURE 9 in A new species of poison-dart frog (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Manu province, Amazon region of southeastern Peru, with notes on its natural history, bioacoustics, phylogenetics, and recommended conservation status
FIGURE 9. Currently known distribution of Ameerega shihuemoy (orange circles). The main natural protected areas in the Madre de Dios region are shown in green. Amarakaeri Communal Reserve covers an area of 402.335,62 ha; A. shihuemoy has been found at six localities inside this reserve.
FIGURE 10. A in A new species of poison-dart frog (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Manu province, Amazon region of southeastern Peru, with notes on its natural history, bioacoustics, phylogenetics, and recommended conservation status
FIGURE 10. A, dorsal, and B, ventral view of the body; C, lateral view of head; and D, ventral view of the hand, of the adult holotype CBF 3900 of Ameerega yungicola. Scale on every picture. Photos by Daniela Rössler.
FIGURE 6 in A new species of poison-dart frog (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Manu province, Amazon region of southeastern Peru, with notes on its natural history, bioacoustics, phylogenetics, and recommended conservation status
FIGURE 6. Tadpole of Ameerega shihuemoy at Gosner stage 25: (A) dorsal, (B) ventral, (C) lateral, (D) Oral disc at Gosner stage 41, (E) Free-living tadpole at Gosner stage 25. Photos by S. J. Serrano.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of poison-dart frog (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Manu province, Amazon region of southeastern Peru, with notes on its natural history, bioacoustics, phylogenetics, and recommended conservation status
FIGURE 5. Spectrograms of advertisement calls of morphologically similar species of Ameerega. A) A. shihuemoy, recorded at Manu Learning Centre, Madre de Dios, Peru 12 June 2014 (temperature not noted). B) A. boliviana, recorded from Correo- Apolo, La Paz, Bolivia. C) A. simulans recorded from Marcapata, Cusco, Peru. D) A. picta recorded from Madidi National Park, Bolivia. E) A. yungicola recorded from Caranavi, Yungas, Bolivia. F) A. hahneli, recorded from Shintuya, Madre de Dios, Peru. G) A. macero, recorded at Manu Learning Centre, Madre de Dios, Peru.
FIGURE 2. A in A new species of poison-dart frog (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Manu province, Amazon region of southeastern Peru, with notes on its natural history, bioacoustics, phylogenetics, and recommended conservation status
FIGURE 2. A, dorsal; B, and ventral views of the body of the subadult female paratype MHNC 14561 (SVL = 20.7 mm); C, dorsal; D, and ventral views of the body of the subadult male paratype MHNC 4779 (SVL = 17.4 mm); E, adult male carrying tadpoles; F, adult male paratype MHNC 15863. Photos by J.C. Chaparro (A-D), R. Coronel (E), R. Santa Cruz (F).
FIGURE 4 in A new species of poison-dart frog (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Manu province, Amazon region of southeastern Peru, with notes on its natural history, bioacoustics, phylogenetics, and recommended conservation status
FIGURE 4. Box plots representing the median (black horizontal line), interquartile range (box), range (whiskers) and outside values (circles) of call parameters comparison among Ameerega shihuemoy, A. boliviana, A. hahneli, A. picta, A. simulans and A. yungicola where: a) note duration (ms), b) calling rate, c) fundamental frequency (Hz) and d) dominant frequency (Hz).
FIGURE 3 in A new species of poison-dart frog (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Manu province, Amazon region of southeastern Peru, with notes on its natural history, bioacoustics, phylogenetics, and recommended conservation status
FIGURE 3. Color patterns of Ameerega shihuemoy from tadpole to adult MUSM 31692. Photos by Marcus Brent-Smith.
FIGURE 1. A in A new species of poison-dart frog (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Manu province, Amazon region of southeastern Peru, with notes on its natural history, bioacoustics, phylogenetics, and recommended conservation status
FIGURE 1. A, dorsal, and B, ventral view of the body; C, lateral view of head; D, and tympanum under skin; E, mouth showing choanae details; F, ventral view of the hand; G, and foot, of the adult female holotype MHNC 15488 (SVL = 25.7 mm) of Ameerega shihuemoy sp. nov. Scale on every picture. Photos by J.C. Chaparro.
FIGURE 7 in A new species of poison-dart frog (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Manu province, Amazon region of southeastern Peru, with notes on its natural history, bioacoustics, phylogenetics, and recommended conservation status
FIGURE 7. Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogeny of Ameerega based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Numbers above nodes are bootstrap values.
FIGURE 8 in A new species of poison-dart frog (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Manu province, Amazon region of southeastern Peru, with notes on its natural history, bioacoustics, phylogenetics, and recommended conservation status
FIGURE 8. Habitat at Manu Learning Centre, Manu, Madre de Dios, Peru, where several individuals of Ameerega shihuemoy were observed calling on July 2015. Photos by Katie Lin.
FIGURES 89–100 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: definition of species group and revision of the C. discipennis species group
FIGURES 89–100. Habitats, host, and behavior of Clinterocera trimaculata. 89, adult searching host; 90, adult creeping into hollow stem; 91, adult walking on the surface of ant nest; 92, remains found in ant nest; 93, adult mating; 94–95, the host ant Liometopum sinense Wheeler, 1921; 96–97, the trees of which part of stem have been nested by ants; 98, habitat (Guiyang, Guizhou); 99–100, adult caught by cross-vane panel trap.
FIGURES 78–88. Mouthparts and male genitalia. 78 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: definition of species group and revision of the C. discipennis species group
FIGURES 78–88. Mouthparts and male genitalia. 78, Clinterocera discipennis epipharynx; 79, Clinterocera discipennis mandibles; 80, Clinterocera discipennis maxillae; 81–83, Clinterocera discipennis male genitalia; 84, Clinterocera trimaculata epipharynx; 85, Clinterocera trimaculata mandibles; 86, Clinterocera trimaculata maxillae; 87–88, Clinterocera trimaculata male genitalia.
FIGURES 64–77 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: definition of species group and revision of the C. discipennis species group
FIGURES 64–77. Punctures on body surface. 64, Clinterocera discipennis pronotum; 65, Clinterocera discipennis pygidium; 66–67, Clinterocera discipennis elytron; 68, Clinterocera discipennis metafemur; 69, Clinterocera discipennis metasternum; 70, Clinterocera discipennis abdomen; 71, Clinterocera trimaculata pronotum; 72, Clinterocera trimaculata pygidium; 73–74, Clinterocera trimaculata elytron; 75, Clinterocera trimaculata metafemur; 76, Clinterocera trimaculata metasternum; 77, Clinterocera trimaculata abdomen.
FIGURES 43–51. Clinterocera trimaculata. 43 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: definition of species group and revision of the C. discipennis species group
FIGURES 43–51. Clinterocera trimaculata. 43, dorsal, male; 44, ventral, male; 45, lateral, male; 46, ventral, female; 47, lateral, female; 48, male; 49, female; 50, female; 51, illustration of Clinterocera trimaculata Ma, 1993 from the original description (Ma 1993a).
FIGURES 10–20 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: definition of species group and revision of the C. discipennis species group
FIGURES 10–20. Holotypes of Clinterocera species. 10–12, Clinterocera cruciata, holotype, female; 13–15, Clinterocera rufithorax, holotype, male; 16–18, Clinterocera rufiventris, holotype, female; 19–20, Clinterocera vitalisi, holotype, male.
FIGURES 1–9 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: definition of species group and revision of the C. discipennis species group
FIGURES 1–9. Characters of Clinterocera. 1, Antennal scapus, ventral surface; 2, antennal scapus, dorsal surface; 3, permentum; 4, spiracla, propygidium, and pygidium in C. jucunda species group; 5, spiracla, propygidium, and pygidium in C. scabrosa and C. discipennis species groups; 6, male protibia; 7, female protibia; 8, tarsi in C. discipennis species group; 9, tarsi in some of the C. jucunda species group.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.