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Figure 3. Limnocoris submontandoni testis with clomazone 162 in Ecotoxicological effects of commercial herbicides on the reproductive system of aquatic arthropod Limnocoris submontandoni (Hemiptera: Naucoridae)

Figure 3. Limnocoris submontandoni testis with clomazone 162 mg / L, (A) Apparent enlargement of the testicular interstice and degeneration of some spermatoids (SPTI), with normal concentrations of spermatozoa (SPTZ) in the outer regions, (B) spermatocytes (SPTO) with normal appearance and sperm (SPTZ) with slight alteration of spermatids (SPTI), C) profusion of sperm (SPTZ) with a high degree of compaction, indicating high rates of spermatogenesis and integrity of tubular cells (arrowhead). Dye: Toluidine Blue.

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Figure 1 in Ecotoxicological effects of commercial herbicides on the reproductive system of aquatic arthropod Limnocoris submontandoni (Hemiptera: Naucoridae)

Figure 1. Photomicrographs of the control group of Limnocoris submontandoni, (A) helical distribution of the seminiferous tubule with germ cells, spermatogonia (SPGO), spermatocytes (SPTO), spermatids (SPTI), sperms (SPTZ), (B) spermatocytes (SPTO) and spermatids (SPTI) in different degrees of maturation, (C) spermatocytes (SPTO) with slightly colored areas (*) displaced to one of the cell poles, spermatids (SPTI) with different degrees of maturation, acrosome vesicle (arrows), elongation of slightly colored structures (**), elongated cells forming the tubular wall (arrowhead), core (n), (D) Spermatids (SPTI) in different degrees of maturation, spermatozoa (SPTZ) forming compact bundles and very elongated nucleus, nucleus (n) and acrosome vesicles (arrows) of some spermatoids and (E) Compact sperm bundles (SPTZ), sperm nuclei (n), tubular wall cells (arrowhead) and tracheole (tr). Dye: Toluidine Blue.

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Рис. 1. Teratocephalus lirellus Andrassy, 1969: A — трофико-сенсорный отΑеΛ теΛа; B — поΛовая система; C — фрагмент теΛа с боковым поΛем; D — хвост; E — фрагмент поΛовой системы и среΑней кишки; F, G — переΑний конец теΛа. am — амфиΑы, lf — боковое поΛе, v — вуΛьва, cc — гоΛовная капсуΛа, pu — заΑняя матка, au — переΑняя матка, r — ренетта, ep — экскреторная пора, o — яичник Fig. 1. Teratocephalus lirellus Andrassy, 1969: A — trophic-sensory part of the body; B — reproductive system; C — fragment of the body with a lateral field; D — tail; E — fragment reproductive system and intestine; F, H — anterior end of the body. am — amphid; lf — lateral field; v — vulva; cc — cephalic capsule; pu — posterior uterus; au — anterior uterus; r — renetta; ep — excretory pore; o — ovary in Recent data on soil nematodes of the families Teratocephalidae and Metateratocephalidae from Primorsky Region, Russia

Рис. 1. Teratocephalus lirellus Andrassy, 1969: A — трофико-сенсорный отΑеΛ теΛа; B — поΛовая система; C — фрагмент теΛа с боковым поΛем; D — хвост; E — фрагмент поΛовой системы и среΑней кишки; F, G — переΑний конец теΛа. am — амфиΑы, lf — боковое поΛе, v — вуΛьва, cc — гоΛовная капсуΛа, pu — заΑняя матка, au — переΑняя матка, r — ренетта, ep — экскреторная пора, o — яичник Fig. 1. Teratocephalus lirellus Andrassy, 1969: A — trophic-sensory part of the body; B — reproductive system; C — fragment of the body with a lateral field; D — tail; E — fragment reproductive system and intestine; F, H — anterior end of the body. am — amphid; lf — lateral field; v — vulva; cc — cephalic capsule; pu — posterior uterus; au — anterior uterus; r — renetta; ep — excretory pore; o — ovary

Fig. 7 in Morphology of the female reproductive system and physiological age-grading of Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a biological control agent of water hyacinth

Fig. 7. Number of eggs ovulated by adult females of Megamelus scutellaris correlated by a) age (days) and b) collar length (mm). The solid line represents the linear relationship between variables and the dashed lines is the 95% confidence interval (n = 15; P = 0.001 and r = 0.778).

Fig. 6. The 3 in Morphology of the female reproductive system and physiological age-grading of Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a biological control agent of water hyacinth

Fig. 6. The 3 parous classes of Megamelus scutellaris. The P1 class (a and b) is characterized by the presence of follicular relics, which may not be present in some or all ovarioles, may be light in coloration and may or may not encircle the base of the ovariole. The follicular relics do not occur at high enough densities to cause an expansion or bulging. The collar may or may not be visible and does not extend past the follicular relic accumulation area. In the P2 class (c and d) follicular relics are present in all ovarioles and at high enough densities to cause bulging. They are distinctly yellow in coloration and relatively darker in comparison to those found in the P1 class. The collar is easily seen and typically extends past the follicular accumulation area. In the P3 class (e and f) follicular relics are variable, may or may not be in high enough densities to cause bulging, and typically completely encircle the base. The collar length easily surpasses the follicular relic accumulation area.

Fig. 4 in Morphology of the female reproductive system and physiological age-grading of Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a biological control agent of water hyacinth

Fig. 4. Follicular relic formation and appearance in the distal area of an ovariole and anterior lateral oviduct (loa) with the germinal vesicle (gv), oocyte with yolk (oy), follicular epithelium (fe) beginning to slough off into the ovariole base (as shown by the arrow), follicular relics (fr), and collar in Megamelus scutellaris. Note the granular appearance of follicular relics having a high enough density to begin to expand or bulge the sides of the lateral oviduct.

Fig. 2 in Morphology of the female reproductive system and physiological age-grading of Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a biological control agent of water hyacinth

Fig. 2. Photomicrographs of the female reproductive system of Megamelus scutellaris showing a) distal portion of the ovary showing the distal lateral oviduct (lop), common oviduct (co), bursa copulatrix (b), and spermatheca/spermathecal gland (spt and sptg, respectively), and b) close-up of ovariole morphology (b) showing the anterior lateral oviduct (loa), germarium (g), vitellarium (v), and terminal filament (tf).

Fig. 1 in Morphology of the female reproductive system and physiological age-grading of Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a biological control agent of water hyacinth

Fig. 1. Photomicrograph of the female reproductive system of Megamelus scutellaris showing ovaries (ov), common oviduct (c), anterior and posterior portions of the lateral oviduct (loa and lop, respectively), and overall structure of a follicle including the germinal vesicle (gv) and oocyte with yolk (oy).

Fig. 3 in Morphology of the female reproductive system and physiological age-grading of Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a biological control agent of water hyacinth

Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of the female reproductive system of Megamelus scutellaris showing a) close-up of the distal portion of an ovariole showing the anterior lateral oviduct (loa), follicular epithelium (fe), ovariole sheath (os), germinal vesicle (gv), oocyte with yolk (oy), and collar (c), and b) distal portion of an ovariole showing a newly ovulated egg (e) into the anterior lateral oviduct (loa), ovary (ov), ovariole (lov), and the collar (c).

Fig. 5. The 3 in Morphology of the female reproductive system and physiological age-grading of Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a biological control agent of water hyacinth

Fig. 5. The 3 nulliparous stages of Megamelus scutellaris. a) N1—Note the lack of differentiation in the vitellarium (v) and large size of the germarium (g) in comparison to the vitellarium. b) N2—In this stage the ovarioles are fully differentiated, no fully mature follicles, and no follicular relics. c and d) N3—In this stage the ovarioles are fully differentiated, no follicular relics are present, and at least 2 follicles are mature and ready to be ovulated as indicated by darkening of the interior of the oocyte by yolk deposition.

Fig. 11 in Fig. 1. Norileca indica and its protandrous hermaphroditic reproductive system. A in Chloeia incerta de Quatrefages 1866

Fig. 11. Male pleon of three new species of Parasesarma from southern Taiwan. (A) P. aurifrons n. sp., holotype male (10.4 × 8.5 mm) (NCHUZOOL 15602); (B) P. sanguimanus n. sp., paratype male (14.1 × 12.1 mm, NCHUZOOL 15625); (C) P. gemmatum n. sp., holotype male (15.7 × 13.1 mm, NCHUZOOL 15639). Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 12 in Fig. 1. Norileca indica and its protandrous hermaphroditic reproductive system. A in Chloeia incerta de Quatrefages 1866

Fig. 12. Coloration in life. (A, B) Parasesarma lenzii (De Man, 1895), male (CW about 15 mm, not collected) from Tanzih Fishing Port, Hengchun, Pingtung, Taiwan; (C, D) P. dumacense (Rathbun, 1914), male (23.9 × 19.1 mm, NCHUZOOL 16088) from Dongsha Island, Taiwan.

Fig. 7 in Fig. 1. Norileca indica and its protandrous hermaphroditic reproductive system. A in Chloeia incerta de Quatrefages 1866

Fig. 7. (A, B, E, F) Parasesarma sanguimanus n. sp., holotype male (15.2 × 13.0 mm, NCHUZOOL 15623), southern Taiwan; (I, J) P. sanguimanus n. sp., paratype male (18.4 × 15.0 mm, ZRC 2019.1080), southern Taiwan; (K) P. sanguimanus n. sp., paratype female (13.8 × 11.6 mm, NCHUZOOL 15627), southern Taiwan; (C, D, G, H) P. cricotus (Rahayu and Davie, 2002) (male, 19.2 × 15.0 mm, MZB), Papua, Indonesia. A, C, dorsal views; B, D, frontal views; E, F, left chela; G, H, right chela; I, J, left G1; K, vulvae. E, G, outer views; E, F, dorsal (sternal) views; I, ventral (pleonal) view; J, dorsal (sternal) view.

Fig. 3. Parasesarma aurifrons n in Fig. 1. Norileca indica and its protandrous hermaphroditic reproductive system. A in Chloeia incerta de Quatrefages 1866

Fig. 3. Parasesarma aurifrons n. sp., southern Taiwan. (A–D) holotype male (10.4 × 8.5 mm, NCHUZOOL 15602); (E–F) paratype male (14.2 × 10.9 mm, ZRC 2019.1075); (G) paratype female (13.8 × 11.2 mm, NCHUZOOL 15609). A, dorsal view; B, frontal view; C, D, right chela; E, F, left G1; G, vulvae. C, outer view; D, inner view; E, ventral (pleonal) view; F, dorsal (sternal) view.

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Fig. 4 in Fig. 3 in Fig. 1. Norileca indica and its protandrous hermaphroditic reproductive system. A in Chloeia incerta de Quatrefages 1866

Fig. 4. Occurrence of N. indica in pairs with different life cycle stage combinations. M/F: male-female (89.17%; 717/804), male-transitional (7.46%; 60/804), female-juvenile (0.37%; 3/804), juvenile-male (0.62%; 5/804), male-male (0.12%; 1/804), female-transitional (0.49%; 4/804), juvenile-juvenile (0.12%; 1/804), and female-female (1.61%; 13/804).

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Fig. 2 in Fig. 3 in Fig. 1. Norileca indica and its protandrous hermaphroditic reproductive system. A in Chloeia incerta de Quatrefages 1866

Fig. 2. Infection by N. indica – site of attachment, tissue damage, and adaptations for clinging to the host fish. A, Male-Female (ñ -ò) pair in the gill chamber (branchial cavity) of R. kanagurta; B, juvenile-ò pair; C, Manca-II (first infective stage); D and E. damaged gill chamber (arrow) and gills due to the infection of N. indica; F, gill of uninfected fish j- Juvenile, m-manca-I. G, male pereopods; H, female pereopods; I, mouthpart complex.

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Fig. 7 in Fig. 3 in Fig. 1. Norileca indica and its protandrous hermaphroditic reproductive system. A in Chloeia incerta de Quatrefages 1866

Fig. 7. Seasonal variation in the prevalence of N. indica along the Malabar Coast of Kerala. Overall variations among the three seasons was statistically shown using one-way ANOVA (** p = 0.0011). Paired t-test of prevalence between monsoon/post-monsoon and winter seasons (ns-no significance; p = 0.0983) and paired t-test of prevalence at pre-summer/summer vs monsoon/post-monsoon were significantly different (p = 0.0293).

Fig. 6 in Fig. 1. Norileca indica and its protandrous hermaphroditic reproductive system. A in Chloeia incerta de Quatrefages 1866

Fig. 6. Parasesarma obliquefrons (Rathbun, 1924), holotype male (12.8 × 11.3 mm) (USNM 45913a), Samoa. (A) left G1 (dorsal view); (B) distal part of left G1 (dorsal view); (C) left G1 (ventral view); (D) distal part of left G1 (ventral view); (E) left G2. Scale bars: A, C, E = 1.0 mm; B, D = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 10. Parasesarma gemmatum n in Fig. 1. Norileca indica and its protandrous hermaphroditic reproductive system. A in Chloeia incerta de Quatrefages 1866

Fig. 10. Parasesarma gemmatum n. sp., southern Taiwan. (A, C–F, H) paratype male (14.8 × 12.4 mm) (NCHUZOOL 15532); (B, G) holotype male (15.7 × 13.1 mm) (NCHUZOOL 15639); (F) paratype female (14.2 × 11.7 mm, NCHUZOOL 15640). A, carapace; B, C, right dactylar finger; D, E, left G1; F, left vulvae; G, H, pleon. A–C, dorsal views; D, F, G, H, dorsal (sternal) view; E, ventral (pleonal) view. Scale bars: A–C, F–H = 1.0 mm; D, E = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 9. Parasesarma gemmatum n in Fig. 1. Norileca indica and its protandrous hermaphroditic reproductive system. A in Chloeia incerta de Quatrefages 1866

Fig. 9. Parasesarma gemmatum n. sp., southern Taiwan. (A, B, E, F) paratype male (14.8 × 12.4 mm, NCHUZOOL 15532); (C, D) paratype female (14.4 × 10.4 mm, NCHUZOOL 15531); (G, H,) paratype male (15.0 × 12.4 mm, NCHUZOOL 15707); (I) paratype female (12.8 × 10.4 mm, NCHUZOOL 15641). A, C, dorsal views; B, D, ventral views; E, F, right chelipeds; G, H, left G1; I, vulvae. E, outer view; F, inner view; G, ventral (pleonal) view; H, dorsal (sternal) view.