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119 results for “resources availability”

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dryad36/100

Data from: Contrasting leaf trait responses of conifer and broadleaved seedlings to altered resource availability are linked to resource strategies

(1) Understanding tree seedling responses to water, nutrient and light availability is crucial to precisely predict potential shifts in composition and structure of forest communities under future climatic conditions. (2) We exposed seedlings of widespread central European tree species with contrasting leaf habit, deciduous broadleaves (DB) and evergreen conifers (EC), to factorial combinations of manipulated precipitation (100% and 50% of ambient), shade (40% and 60% of full sunlight) and nutrient availability (low and high NPK), and measured specific leaf area, C/N ratio, soluble sugars, starch and non-structural carbohydrate concentration, and δ13C of the leaves. (3) We found contrasting effects of water and nutrient availability on foliar traits of the two species groups: EC exhibited higher tolerance to low resource availability but also less plasticity in foliar traits, which is congruent with a "slow" resource strategy. In contrast, foliage of DB reacted particularly to altered nutrient availability, corresponding to a "fast" resource strategy with high foliar plasticity and rapid adjustments to resource fluctuations, commonly adopted by species with high growth rates. (4) We conclude that DB will respond to environmental change with foliar acclimation, while EC will either tolerate, to some extent, or shift their distribution range in response to environmental change.

opencc-zeroMay 2020View details →

dryad36/100

Floral resource availability and honeybee flower visitations in Oslo, Norway

Urban green infrastructure can provide important habitats for pollinators and support urban ecosystem services. Therefore, these areas must be managed to maximize biodiversity and density of pollinating insects. We used DNA metabarcoding to study honeybee pollen resource use over time and space in the city of Oslo, Norway, and to assess the role of green infrastructure as a resource for pollinators and the services they generate. Urban honeybees used diverse pollen resources throughout their active season. There was considerable seasonal turnover in pollen resource use that reflected flowering phenology. Non-native plants (including invasive species) were an important resource early in the season but were replaced by native plants later in the season. Hive location was not strongly correlated with resource use, likely indicating effective long-distance foraging in the fragmented urban landscape. However, flower visitation rates and floral resource density in public urban green spaces were coupled with pollen use. Honeybees collected pollen from a small number of preferred species but also visited other species, likely for nectar. To preserve pollinator services, urban planning should consider flower resource management, with particular focus on planting native species that can act as early season resources for bees. Public campaigns and other incentive mechanisms to promote the cultivation of native plants that are resources for pollinators and the protection of urban semi-natural habitats have the potential to enhance the value of green infrastructure to support urban pollinators and pollination services.

opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Effects of resource availability and interspecific interactions on Arctic and red foxes' winter use of ungulate carrion in the Fennoscandian low-Arctic tundra

In the Arctic tundra, predators face recurrent periods of food scarcity and often turn to ungulate carcasses as an alternative food source. As important and localized resource patches, carrion promotes co-occurrence of different individuals, and its use by predators is likely to be affected by interspecific competition. We studied how interspecific competition and resource availability impact winter use of carrion by Arctic and red foxes in low Arctic Fennoscandia. We predicted that presence of red foxes limits Arctic foxes' use of carrion, and that competition depends on the availability of other resources. We monitored Arctic and red fox presence at supplied carrion using camera traps. From 2006 to 2021, between 16 and 20 cameras were active for two months in late winter (288 camera-winters). Using a multi-species dynamic occupancy model at a week-to-week scale, we evaluated use of carrion by foxes while accounting for the presence of competitors, rodent availability and supplemental feeding provided to Arctic foxes. Competition affected carrion use by increasing both species' probability to leave occupied carcasses sites between consecutive weeks. This increase was similar for the two species, suggesting symmetrical avoidance. Increased rodent abundance was associated with a higher probability of colonizing carrion sites for both species. For Arctic foxes, however, this increase was only observed at carcasses unoccupied by red foxes, showing greater avoidance when alternative preys are available. Supplementary feeding increased Arctic foxes' carrion use, regardless of red fox presence. Contrary to expectations, we did not find strong signs of asymmetric competition for carrion in winter, which suggests that interactions for resources at a short time scale are not necessarily aligned with interactions at the scale of the population. In addition, we found that competition for carcasses depends on the availability of other resources, suggesting that interactions between predators depend on the ecological context.

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

dryad36/100

Data for: Habitat diversity, resource availability, and island age in the species-area relationship

Aim: The island species-area relationship (ISAR) and its theoretical justifications assume the area of islands to be homogeneous across an archipelago, which is generally not the case. We compare the performance of models that adjust or substitute for island area with measures of habitat diversity, island age, and resource availability to account for the violation of this assumption. We further compare the performance of models for two taxonomic groups. Location: Five hotspot archipelagos (Azores, Galapagos, Hawaii, Cape Verde, Canary Islands). Taxa: Vascular plants and birds. Methods: We used the mathematical framework of the power law to compare relevant models, treating the one containing only area as a null model against which others were compared. Data was collated from the GIFT database and from the literature. Models were compared using linear regression within archipelagos and via mixed effect models with archipelago as a random effect. Results: Weighting of island area by habitat diversity and resource availability systematically improved statistical significance and model fits versus the area only power law. Models including island age did not show the same systematic improvement in model fits. For vascular plants, weighting islands by resource availability (energy and water) performed better than weighting by habitat diversity, although for birds these weightings performed equally well. Main Conclusions: Given that islands within archipelagos are fairly uniform in climate, topography, and geology, it is worth accounting for this in ISARs. Our results suggest that, for islands in volcanic hotspot archipelagos this is best done by using direct measures of habitat diversity and resource availability rather than using island age as a proxy. Because weighting area by habitat diversity and resource availability produced better predictors of species diversity, the proposed approach may be particularly valuable in conservation science.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Resource availability, competition, and the web structure of western black widows

This dataset originates from an experiment using black widow spiders (Latrodectus hesperus) originally collected from Davis, California, United-States and brought to the University of Arizona, where they were maintained under laboratory condition for 12 months. Spiders were then transferred to Pierre-Olivier Montiglio's laboratory in Montreal in Canada, where they were kept for a month prior to the experiment. During this time, spiders were housed in individual plastic containers (946 ml) at 23˚C ± 1.50 and 25 % humidity ± 8.94 with a photoperiod of 12h, and fed a single live house cricket (Acheta domesticus) every two weeks. Spiders were then fed for 8 weeks either a cricket every three weeks (Restricted treatment), a cricket every two weeks (Intermediate treatment), or a cricket every week (Ad libitum treatment) for 8 weeks. Each spider experienced each of the three food treatments in an order that was randomly determined. At the end of each 8-week food treatment, spiders were left to weave a web for a week in an individual standardized cardboard frame (31 x 17 x 24 cm). For each session of web construction, we monitored the structure of the web (i.e., proportion of structural threads over trap threads), body weight loss, and web weight. See Toupin et al. 2022 in Behavioral Ecology for further information on the data and the experiment. The experiment was designed and conducted by Louis-Philippe Toupin and Pierre-Olivier Montiglio. The data were organized and formatted for Dryad by Pierre-Olivier Montiglio.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Pericarpial nectary-visiting ants do not provide fruit protection against pre-dispersal seed predators regardless of ant species composition and resource availability

This dataset describes the number of flowers, fruits and seed set of Tocoyena formosa in branches exposed (control) and isolated (ant exclusion) from ants, as well as the visiting ants and seed predators reared from fruits collected from both treatments.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2017View details →

zenodo36/100

Effects of nest-site availability on male-male competition and the foraging costs associated with paternal care in a resource-defense species

Effects of nest-site availability on male-male competition and associated costs of nest site maintenance and paternal care in a resource-defense species This repository contains the .csv files used for the statistical analyses of the study "Effects of nest-site availability on male-male competition and associated costs of nest site maintenance and paternal care in a resource-defense species". In case of questions, please email Laís A. Grossel: <a href="mailto:laisgrossel@gmail.com">laisgrossel@gmail.com</a> Data files and structure We have files for the analysis with field and experimental data. With the file field.csv we tested the probability of males obtaining a nest and receiving eggs from females. In this file, we have the headers: <ul> <li>maleID: identity of males in the field</li> <li>DSW: dorsal scute width, in mm</li> <li>mass: to the nearest 0.001 g</li> <li>nest_possession: with 2 levels: 0 if the male did not possess a nest and 1 if the male possessed a nest</li> <li>nest_opening: in cm</li> <li>parental_status: with 3 levels: 0 if the male did not have a nest, 1: if the male had a nest but no eggs, and 2: if the male had a nest and eggs</li> </ul> With the file experiment_nests.csv we tested predictions related with the nest possession. In this file, we have the headers: <ul> <li>terrariaID: identity of the 14 terraria (containing 4 or 8 nests)</li> <li>exp_group: experimental group, with 2 levels of nests availability: low (4 nests per terraria) and high (8 nests per terraria)</li> <li>nestID: identity of the nests</li> <li>occupation: if the nest was once occupied during the experiment, with 2 levels: 0 if it was never occupied and 1 if it was occupied at least once</li> <li>occupied_scans: number of scans with any male inside the nest</li> <li>vacant_scans: number of scans without any male inside the nest</li> <li>total_scans: total number of observation scans </li> <li>owners: number of different owners of the nest (at least 6 consecutive scans)</li> <li>turnover: if there was at least a substitution of the nest owner without figths, with 2 levels: 0 if there was not any substitution and 1 if there was a substitution</li> <li>turnovers_number: number of substitutions of the nest owner without figths</li> <li>takeover: if there was at least a takeover attempt of the nest after figths, with 2 levels: 0 if there was not any attempt and 1 if there was an attempt</li> <li>takeovers_number: number of takeover attempts of the nest after figths</li> <li>fight: if there was at least a figth inside or close to the nest, with 2 levels: 0 if there was not any figth and 1 if there was a figth</li> <li>fights_number: number of figths inside or close to the nest</li> <li>canibalism: if there was at least a cannibalism event inside the nest, 2 levels: 0 if there was not any cannibalism event and 1 if there was a cannibalism event</li> <li>canibalism_number: number of cannibalism events inside the nest</li> </ul> With the file experiment_males.csv we tested predictions related to the males owners. In this file, we have the headers: <ul> <li>terrariaID: identity of the 14 terraria (containing 4 or 8 nests)</li> <li>exp_group: experimental group, with 2 levels of nests availability: low (4 nests per terraria) and high (8 nests per terraria)</li> <li>maleID: identitity of the males</li> <li>DSW: dorsal scute width, in mm</li> <li>nest_possession: with 2 levels: 0 if the male never possessed a nest during the experiment and 1 if the male possessed a nest at least once (6 consecutive scans)</li> <li>nestID: identity of the nest possessed by the male</li> <li>inside_scans: number of scans with the male inside his nest</li> <li>outside_scans: number of scans with the male outside his nest</li> <li>total_scans: total number of scans in which the male was the owner of the nest</li> <li>takeover: if the male suffered a takeover attempt of his nest, with 2 levels: 0 if the male did not suffer any attempt and 1 if the male suffered an attempt</li> <li>eggs: if the male received eggs from a female, with 2 levels: 0 if the male did not receive eggs and 1 if the male received eggs</li> <li>eggs_number: number of eggs received </li> <li>cannibalism: if the owner male cannibalized the eggs inside the nest, 2 levels: 0 if the male did not cannibalize eggs and 1 if the male cannibalized eggs</li> <li>cannibalism_number: number of cannibalism events by the owner male </li> </ul> With the file fights-takeovers.csv we tested predictions related with nest takeovers. In this file, we have the headers: <ul> <li>terrariaID: identity of the 14 terraria (containing 4 or 8 nests)</li> <li>exp_group: experimental group, with 2 levels of nests availability: low (4 nests per terraria) and high (8 nests per terraria)</li> <li>nestID: identity of the nest possessed by the male</li> <li>focalID: identitity of the focal males (the owner nest)</li> <li>DSW: dorsal scute width, in mm</li> <li>fight: if the male was involved in at least a figth, with 2 levels: 0 if the male was not involved in any figth and 1 if the male was involved in a figth</li> <li>takeover: if the male suffered a takeover attempt of his nest, with 2 levels: 0 if the male did not suffer any attempt and 1 if the male suffered an attempt. Obs: the nest takeover always happens after a fight. If there was a takeover, then there was a fight too.</li> <li>res_focal: result of the figth or takeover for the focal male, with 2 levels: 0 if the focal male did not lose the figth or the nest and 1 if the focal male lost the figth or the nest</li> <li>intruderID: identity of the intruder male involved in the figth or the takeover with the owner male</li> <li>intruder_DSL: dorsal scute width of the intruder male, in mm</li> <li>dyad: identity of the two individuals involved in the figth or takeover (owner male and intruder male)</li> <li>DSW_difference: difference between the dorsal scute width of the dyad (focal male minus intruder male)</li> </ul> With the file foraging.csv we tested a prediction related with males foraging. In this file, we have the headers: <ul> <li>terrariaID: identity of the 14 terraria (containing 4 or 8 nests)</li> <li>exp_group: experimental group, with 2 levels of nests availability: low (4 nests per terraria) and high (8 nests per terraria)</li> <li>nestID: identity of the nest possessed by the male</li> <li>maleID: identitity of the males</li> <li>parental_status: with 2 levels: 0 if the male did not have eggs in the nest and 1: if the male had eggs</li> <li>inside_scans: number of scans with the male inside his nest</li> <li>outside_scans: number of scans with the male outside his nest</li> <li>total_scans: total number of scans in which the male was the owner of the nest</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

zenodo36/100

Tweets informing about resource needs and availabilities in post-disaster situation

This is the dataset for the paper: Moumita Basu, Anurag Shandilya, Prannay Khosla, Kripabandhu Ghosh, Saptarshi Ghosh. Extracting Resource Needs and Availabilities from Microblogs for Aiding Post-Disaster Relief Operations. IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems, 2019. The data contains tweetids of tweets (from Twitter) posted during (1) the 2015 Nepal earthquake, and (2) 2016 Italy earthquake. The tweets that inform about need and availability of various types of resources are identified. The dataset can be used for developing algorithms for microblog retrieval / classification, and for understanding social media activity in the aftermath of a disaster event.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2019View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Resource availability affects seasonal trajectories of population-level learning

Environmental effects on learning are well known, such as cognition that is mediated by nutritional consumption. Less known is how seasonally variable environments affect phenological trajectories of learning. Here, we test the hypothesis that nutritional availability affects seasonal trajectories of population-level learning in species with developmentally plastic cognition. We test this in bumble bees (Apidae: Bombus), a clade of eusocial insects that produce individuals at different time points across their reproductive season and exhibit organ developmental plasticity in response to nutritional consumption. To accomplish this, we develop a theoretical model that simulates learning development across a reproductive season for a colony parameterized with observed life history data. Our model finds two qualitative seasonal trajectories of learning: (1) an increase in learning across the season and (2) no change in learning across the season. We also find these two qualitative trajectories revealed by empirical learning data; the proportion of workers successfully completing a learning test increases across a season for two bumble bee species (Bombus auricomus, Bombus pensylvanicus), but does not change for another three (Bombus bimaculatus, Bombus griseocollis, Bombus impatiens). This study supports the novel consideration that resources affect seasonal trajectories of population-level learning in species with developmentally plastic cognition.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Fluctuations in resource availability shape the competitive balance among non-native plant species

Fluctuating resource availability plays a critical role in determining non-native plant invasions by mediating the competitive balance between non-native and native species. However, the impact of fluctuating resource availability on interactions among non-native species remains largely unknown. This represents a barrier to understanding invasion mechanisms, particularly in habitats that harbor multiple non-native species with different responses to fluctuating resource availability. To examine the responses of non-native plant species to nutrient fluctuations, we compared the growth of each of 12 non-native species found to be common in local natural areas to nutrients supplied at a constant rate or supplied as a single large pulse in a pot experiment. We found that seven species produced more biomass with pulsed nutrients compared to constant nutrients (hereafter 'benefitting species'), while the other five species did not differ between nutrient enrichment treatments (hereafter 'non-benefitting species'). To investigate how nutrient fluctuations influence the interactions among non-native plant species, we established experimental non-native communities in the field with two benefitting and two non-benefitting non-native species. Compared with constant nutrient supply, the single large pulse of nutrients did not influence community biomass, but strongly increased the biomass and cover of the benefitting species and decreased those of the non-benefitting species. Furthermore, the benefitting species had higher leaf N content and greater plant height when nutrients were supplied as a single large pulse than at a constant rate, whereas the non-benefitting species showed no differences in leaf N content and were shorter when nutrients were supplied as a single large pulse than at a constant rate. Our results add to the growing evidence that the individual responses of non-native species to nutrient fluctuation are species-specific. More importantly, benefitting species were favored by nutrients coming in a pulse, while non-benefitting ones were favored by nutrients coming constantly when they grew together. This suggests that nutrient fluctuations can mediate the competitive balance among non-native plants and may thus determine their invasion success in a community harbouring multiple non-native plant species.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Temporal change in floral availability leads to periods of resource limitation and affects diet specificity in a generalist pollinator

Generalist species are core components of ecological networks and crucial for the maintenance of biodiversity. Generalised species and networks are expected to be more resilient, therefore understanding the dynamics of specialisation and generalisation in ecological networks is a key focus in a time of rapid global climate change. Whilst diet generalisation is frequently studied, our understanding of how it changes over time is limited. We explore temporal variation in diet specificity in the honeybee (Apis mellifera), using pollen DNA metabarcoding of honey samples, through the foraging season, over two years. We find that overall, honeybees are generalists that visit a wide range of plants, but there is temporal variation in the degree of specialisation. Temporal specialisation of honeybee colonies corresponds to periods of resource limitation, identified as a lack of honey stores. Honeybees experience a lack of preferred resources in June when switching from flowering trees in spring to shrubs and herbs in summer. Investigating temporal patterns in specialisation can identify periods of resource limitation that may lead to species and network vulnerability. Diet specificity must therefore be explored at different temporal scales in order to fully understand species and network stability in the face of ecological change.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Supplementary data to: Grassland greening and water resource availability may coexist in a warming climate

This data archive includes the boundary of the North China and Tibetan Plateau (NCTP), three sub-regions, and respective province, the CLCD landcover in 2020, annual PM ET in 1982, and trends in projected water yield and leaf area index by the end of the 21st century (up to 2100). The boundary of the NCTP, three sub-regions, and respective province is in the shapefile (.shp) format, and other processed data are in the geotiff (.tif) or in the mat format. For calculation details please see the publication.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Carryover effects in a sea star: Juvenile resource availability does not compensate for a poor larval environment

Carryover effects are widespread in nature and can link early-life experiences to the regulation of populations. However, for organisms with complex life cycles, it is unclear whether offspring can overcome negative early-life experiences when provided with abundant post-metamorphic resources. We tested this by rearing larvae of the keystone sea star Asterias forbesi, under high or low food conditions, and then reared the juveniles for 2–3 weeks under one of four food treatments. Larvae reared under low food conditions took longer to reach metamorphosis and settled as smaller juveniles with fewer spines. For early settlers (mean age at settlement = 24.0 d), carryover effects of low larval food significantly reduced post-metamorphic size, mussel consumption and growth. However for late settlers (mean age at settlement = 29.3 d), there were no carryover effects of larval food availability detected post-metamorphosis. The differences between early and late settlers may indicate a trade-off between larval duration and the presence of carryover effects. Our data suggest that carryover effects mediated by body size at settlement could determine post-metamorphic survival, growth, and performance, ultimately impacting the recruitment of this keystone predator.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

dryad36/100

A Great Escape: resource availability and density-dependence shape population dynamics along trailing range edges

Populations along geographical range limits are often exposed to unsuitable climate and low resource availability relative to core populations. As such, there has been a renewed focus on understanding the factors that determine range limits to better predict how species will respond to global change. Using recent theory on range limits and classical understanding of density dependence, we evaluated the influence of resource availability on the snowshoe hare Lepus americanus along its trailing range edge. We estimated variation in population density, habitat use, survival, and parasite loads to test the Great Escape Hypothesis (GEH), i.e. that density dependence determines, in part, a species' persistence along trailing edges. We found that variability in resource availability affected density and population fluctuations and led to trade-offs in survival for snowshoe hare populations in the northeastern USA. Hares living in resource-limited environments had lower and less variable population density, yet higher survival and lower parasitism compared to populations living in resource-rich environments. We suggest that density-dependent dynamics, elicited by resource availability, provide hares a unique survival advantage and partly explain persistence along their trailing edge. We hypothesize that this low-density escape from predation and parasitism occurs for other prey species along trailing edges, but the extent to which it occurs is likely conditional on the quality of matrix habitat. Our work indicates that biotic factors play an important role in shaping species' trailing edges and more detailed examination of non-climatic factors is warranted to better inform conservation and management decisions.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

ClinicalTrials.gov36/100

Establishing the Effectiveness of Publicly Available Smoking Cessation Resource

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05055778. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

controlledIPD-YESFeb 2026View details →

dryad36/100