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765 results for “rhythm”
Figure 3 in Diversity rhythm in pontellid copepods (Pontellidae: Copepoda) from the Covelong coast pre- and post-COVID-19 lockdown, Bay of Bengal
Figure 3. Correlation between physicochemical parameters in (a) prelockdown period and (b) postlockdown period (shades of brown indicate the coefficient towards –1 and shades of blue indicate the coefficients towards +1).
Figure 4 in Diversity rhythm in pontellid copepods (Pontellidae: Copepoda) from the Covelong coast pre- and post-COVID-19 lockdown, Bay of Bengal
Figure 4. RDA (redundancy analysis) of pontellid copepods and physicochemical parameters in (a) prelockdown period and (b) postlockdown period.
Figure 2 in Diversity rhythm in pontellid copepods (Pontellidae: Copepoda) from the Covelong coast pre- and post-COVID-19 lockdown, Bay of Bengal
Figure 2. Comparison between physicochemical parameters observed during prelockdown and postlockdown period: (a) temperature, (b) dissolved oxygen, (c) total pontellid density, (d) nitrite, (e) phosphate, (f) ammonia.
Ijexá rhythm played by Olodum
<p>Led by Mestre Memeu (Bartolomeu Nunes Pereira), this clip shows Olodum briefly playing the classic Ijexá rhythm derived from Candomblé--the Afro-Brazilian religion commonly practiced among Bloco Afro members, and where many percussionists began playing drums. The performance took place in front of the Casa do Olodum to celebrate their 44th anniversary on April 25, 2023. </p>
Рис. 3. Ритм ночной активности паукообразных Mesobuthus eupeus, Galeodes araneoides, Lycosa praegrandis. Fig. 3. The rhythm of the night activity of arachnids Mesobuthus eupeus, Galeodes araneoides, Lycosa praegrandis. in Comparison of trophic spectra and hunting strategies of some large arachnids (Arachnida: Scorpiones, Solifugae, Aranei) in semi-desert biocenoses of Gobustan (Eastern Azerbaijan)
Рис. 3. Ритм ночной активности паукообразных Mesobuthus eupeus, Galeodes araneoides, Lycosa praegrandis. Fig. 3. The rhythm of the night activity of arachnids Mesobuthus eupeus, Galeodes araneoides, Lycosa praegrandis.
Data from: Beyond rhythm - a framework for understanding the frequency spectrum of neural activity
<p>Cognitive and behavioral processes are often accompanied by changes within well-defined frequency bands of the local field potential (LFP i.e., the voltage induced by neuronal activity). These changes are detectable in the frequency domain using the Fourier transform and are often interpreted as neuronal oscillations. However, aside some well-known exceptions, the processes underlying such changes are difficult to track in time, making their oscillatory nature hard to verify. In addition, many non-periodic neural processes can also have spectra that emphasize specific frequencies. Thus, the notion that spectral changes reflect oscillations is likely too restrictive. In this study, we use a simple yet versatile framework to understand the frequency spectra of neural recordings. Using simulations, we derive the Fourier spectra of periodic, quasi-periodic and non-periodic neural processes having diverse waveforms, illustrating how these attributes shape their spectral signatures. We then show how neural processes sum their energy in the local field potential in simulated and real-world recording scenarios. We find that the spectral power of neural processes is essentially determined by two aspects: 1) the distribution of neural events in time and 2) the waveform of the voltage induced by single neural events. Taken together, this work guides the interpretation of the Fourier spectrum of neural recordings and indicates that power increases in specific frequency bands do not necessarily reflect periodic neural activity.</p>
Data for: Altered Circadian Rhythm, Sleep, and Rhodopsin 7-Dependent Shade Preference During Diapause in Drosophila Melanogaster
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Endogenous oscillatory rhythms and interactive contingencies jointly influence infant attention during early infant-caregiver interaction
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Data from: Molecular circadian rhythms are robust in marine annelids lacking rhythmic behavior
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Data from: Beyond rhythm - a framework for understanding the frequency spectrum of neural activity
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Mesolimbic dopamine neurons drive infradian rhythms in sleep-wake and heightened activity state
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Phase response analyses support a relaxation oscillator model of locomotor rhythm generation in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Data from: Responses of activity rhythms to temperature cues evolve in Drosophila populations selected for divergent timing of eclosion
Even though the rhythm in adult emergence and rhythm in locomotor activity are two different rhythmic phenomena that occur at distinct life-stages of the fly life cycle, previous studies have hinted at similarities in certain aspects of the organisation of the circadian clock driving these two rhythms. For instance, the period gene plays an important regulatory role in both rhythms. In an earlier study, we have shown that selection on timing of adult emergence behaviour in populations of Drosophila melanogaster leads to the co-evolution of temperature sensitivity of circadian clocks driving eclosion. In this study, we were interested in asking if temperature sensitivity of the locomotor activity rhythm has evolved in our populations with divergent timing of adult emergence rhythm, with the goal of understanding the extent of similarity (or lack of it) in circadian organisation between the two rhythms. We found that in response to simulated jetlag with temperature cycles, late chronotypes (populations selected for predominant emergence during dusk) indeed re-entrain faster than early chronotypes (populations selected for predominant emergence during dawn) to 6-h phase-delays, thereby indicating enhanced sensitivity of the activity/rest clock to temperature cues in these stocks (entrainment is the synchronisation of internal rhythms to cyclic environmental time-cues). Additionally, we found that late chronotypes show higher plasticity of phases across regimes, day-to-day stability in phases and amplitude of entrainment, all indicative of enhanced temperature sensitive activity/rest rhythms. Our results highlight remarkably similar organisation principles between emergence and activity/rest rhythms.
Lunar rhythms in growth of larval fish
<p>Growth and survival of larval fishes is highly variable and unpredictable. Our limited understanding of this variation constrains our ability to forecast population dynamics and effectively manage fisheries. Here we show that daily growth rates of a coral reef fish (the sixbar wrasse, Thalassoma hardwicke) are strongly lunar-periodic and predicted by the timing of nocturnal brightness: growth was maximized when the first half of the night was dark and the second half of the night was bright. Cloud cover that obscured moonlight facilitated a 'natural experiment', and confirmed the effect of moonlight on growth. We suggest that lunar-periodic growth may be attributable to light-mediated suppression of diel vertical migrations of predators and prey. Accounting for such effects will improve our capacity to predict the future dynamics of marine populations, especially in response to climate-driven changes in nocturnal cloud cover and intensification of artificial light, which could lead to population declines by reducing larval survival and growth.<br> EndDryadContent</p>
Genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity in circadian rhythms of an armed beetle, Gnatocerus cornutus (Tenebrionidae)
<p>Circadian rhythms, their free-running periods and strength of the rhythm are often used as indicators of biological clocks, and there is evidence that the free-running periods of circadian rhythm are not affected by environmental factors like temperature. However, there are few studies of environmental effects on the power of rhythms and it is not clear if temperature compensation is universal. Additionally, genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity in biological clocks are important for understanding the evolution of biological rhythm, but genetic and plastic effects are rarely investigated. Here, we used 18 isofemale lines (genotypes) of <i>Gnatocerus cornutus</i> to assess rhythms of locomotor activity, while also testing for temperature effects. We found that total activity and power of circadian rhythm were affected by interactions between sex and genotype or sex, genotype and temperature, so that while males tended to be more active and showed greater increases in activity, this effect varied across both genotypes and temperatures. The period of activity only varied by genotype and was thus independent of temperature. The complicated genotype-sex-environment interactions we recorded stress the importance of investigating circadian activity in more integrated ways.</p>
Causal functional maps of brain rhythms in working memory
<p>Results of the meta-modeling of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) studies in working memory. Two files are for theta and gamma maps in MNI brain space. The files accompany the paper "Causal functional maps of brain rhythms in working memory" by Miles Wischnewski*, Taylor A Berger, Alexander Opitz, and Ivan Alekseichuk**. Correspondance: *m.wischnewski@rug.nl or **ialeksei@umn.edu</p> <p> </p>
Developmental pyrethroid exposure disrupts molecular pathways for MAP kinase and circadian rhythms in mouse brain
<p><span>Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a category of pervasive disorders of the developing nervous system with few or no recognized biomarkers. A significant portion of the risk for NDDs, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is contributed by the environment, and exposure to pyrethroid pesticides during pregnancy has been identified as a potential risk factor for NDD in the unborn child. We recently showed that low-dose developmental exposure to the pyrethroid pesticide deltamethrin in mice causes male-biased changes to ADHD- and NDD-relevant behaviors as well as the striatal dopamine system. Here, we used an integrated multiomics approach to determine the broadest possible set of biological changes in the mouse brain caused by developmental pyrethroid exposure (DPE). Using a litter-based, split-sample design, we exposed mouse dams during pregnancy and lactation to deltamethrin (3 mg/kg or vehicle every 3 days) at a concentration well below the EPA-determined benchmark dose used for regulatory guidance. We raised male offspring to adulthood, euthanized them, and pulverized and divided whole brain samples for split-sample transcriptomics, kinomics and multiomics integration. Transcriptome analysis revealed alterations to multiple canonical clock genes, and kinome analysis revealed changes in the activity of multiple kinases involved in synaptic plasticity, including the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase ERK. Multiomics integration revealed a dysregulated protein-protein interaction network containing primary clusters for MAP kinase cascades, regulation of apoptosis, and synaptic function. These results demonstrate that DPE causes a multi-modal biophenotype in the brain relevant to ADHD and identifies new potential mechanisms of action.</span></p>
Dataset and code for the study 'Heatwave effects on diel rhythms of insect activity: a comparison across habitats'
<p>Contained here are the csv dataset and R analysis code script underlying the report <em>Heatwave effects on diel rhythms of insect activity: a comparison across habitat</em>s. See <strong>metadata.pdf</strong> for details on the methodology, dataset and script.</p> <p> </p> <h3><strong>Version history</strong></h3> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Version</strong></td> <td><strong>Date uploaded</strong></td> <td><strong>Changes made</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>v3</td> <td>9th March 2025</td> <td>Edited <strong>insect_script.R </strong>– for all plots with Wald 95% confidence intervals, added dashed lines to demarcate the edges of the shaded bands showing the confidence intervals, to make them more visible for colourblind readers.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>v2</td> <td>2nd March 2025</td> <td> <p>Edited <strong>metadata.pdf</strong> - added citation for key used for insect identification.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>v1</td> <td>31st October 2024</td> <td>[Original upload]</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Presentation scripts of "Predictability awareness rather than mere predictability enhances the perceptual benefits for targets in auditory rhythms over targets following temporal cues"
<p>These are the presentation scripts accompanying the publication </p> <p>"Predictability awareness rather than mere predictability enhances the perceptual benefits for targets in auditory rhythms over targets following temporal cues". </p> <p>Check the readMe for an instruction.</p>
Ukrainian 14-syllable verse in Belarusian poetry: the rhythm of translations and imitations (dataset)
<p>Data and source code accompanying the talk:<br> У. В. Парыцкі. Украінскі 14-складовы верш у беларускай паэзіі: рытміка перакладаў і імітацый // X Міжнародны Кангрэс даследчыкаў Беларусі, Коўна, 01.10.2022 [Vladislav Poritski. Ukrainian 14-syllable verse in Belarusian poetry: the rhythm of translations and imitations // Presented at 10th International Congress of Belarusian Studies, Kaunas, 01.10.2022]</p> <p>The empirical investigation of 14-syllable verse, presented in the talk, is based upon a sample of Ukrainian texts by Taras Shevchenko, their Belarusian translations, and original Belarusian poetry by Yanka Kupala, Yakub Kolas, Piatruś Brouka. The dataset structure is as follows:</p> <ul> <li>./0_plain – plain texts;</li> <li>./1_accentuated – accentuated texts;</li> <li>metadata_shevchenko.tsv, metadata_be_authors.tsv – metadata files describing the texts;</li> <li>make_reports.py – a Python script to generate statistic reports from the accentuated texts;</li> <li>./2_reports – programmatically generated reports;</li> <li>slides.tex – LaTeX source code of the talk's slides, where the reports are embedded as diagrams and tables;</li> <li>slides.pdf – PDF version of the slides.</li> </ul> <p>The directories ./0_plain, ./1_accentuated, ./2_reports are provided in .zip archives.</p> <p>Belarusian translations of Taras Shevchenko's poetry have been taken from the book:<br> Т. Р. Шаўчэнка. Вершы. Паэмы. Мінск: Мастацкая літаратура, 1989.<br> (scan copy available at https://files.knihi.com/Knihi/scanned/Saucenka.Viersy_paemy.djvu)<br> Each poem is stored in a separate .txt file. The file name indicates the number of the poem's first page in the scanned book, e.g.: 021.txt. Same names are used for the respective Ukrainian texts. In each pair of files, such as e.g. ./0_plain/uk/021.txt and ./0_plain/be/021.txt, the texts are aligned line by line. Poem titles in both languages, translator names, and the URLs of Ukrainian source texts are provided in metadata_shevchenko.tsv.</p> <p>Original Belarusian poetry, kept in ./0_plain/be, doesn't require any alignment, and the naming scheme is different. Poem titles, author names, and the URLs of Belarusian source texts are provided in metadata_be_authors.tsv.</p> <p>In all Ukrainian and Belarusian texts, metrically irrelevant lines are discarded, only 14-syllable verse lines are stored, each of them split graphically into 8+6 syllables. Occasional minor violations, i.e. ± one or two syllables, are allowed in the texts but ignored in the statistic reports. No spans shorter than a pair of rhyming 14-syllable lines (or, graphically, a quatraine of 8+6+8+6 syllables) were sampled from polymetric poems.</p> <p>These special characters are used:</p> <ul> <li>"/" to represent line break in the source edition;</li> <li>"//" for section break (next stanza, another character's words);</li> <li>trailing "#" for the inverse of line break: to recover the original 14-syllable line as printed in the source edition, one should remove the newline;</li> <li>leading "#" for mis-aligned lines, e.g. those missing in the Belarusian translation and added hypothetically, in order to restore the alignment.</li> </ul> <p>The procedure of accentuating Ukrainian and Belarusian texts was semi-automatic, using an opportunistic database of word accents crawled from online lexicographic resources: https://slounik.org for Belarusian, https://uk.wiktionary.org and https://slovnyk.ua/nagolos.php for Ukrainian. The database and the accentuator script are not part of this dataset. Although a fair bit of manual supervision was put into ensuring that most accents are accurate, it's likely that some errors still remain, especially in the Ukrainian data, so please be cautious.</p> <p>Accentuated texts in ./1_accentuated/uk and ./1_accentuated/be are lowercased, with all punctuation stripped off. As usual in quantitative study of East Slavic verse (see e.g. https://doi.org/10.12697/smp.2019.6.2.02 for a recent overview), we distinguish between two kinds of stresses: pronouns and certain other function words bear "light" stress, while content words bear "heavy" stress. These are the designations:</p> <ul> <li>"`" for light stress, to the left of the stressed vowel;</li> <li>"'" for heavy stress, to the right of the stressed vowel (note that after consonants, "'" is an apostrophe);</li> <li>"*" for variant heavy stress, as in Ukrainian <em>ба*йду*же</em>;</li> <li>"_" to group clitics together with stressed words, as in Ukrainian <em>і_не_привіта'ла</em>.</li> </ul> <p>In rare exceptional cases, the meter may require to pronounce syllabic consonants, as in Belarusian <em>рэестр</em>. To match pronunciation, we add a vowel in square brackets: <em>рэест[а]р</em>.</p> <p>The reports summarize certain statistic properties of the dataset:</p> <ul> <li>translators.csv – a breakdown of Shevchenko's Belarusian translations into the numbers of lines contributed by each translator. 8+6 are counted as separate lines. Syllable count violations are ignored: a pair of aligned Ukrainian / Belarusian lines is not counted towards the translator's total, if the number of syllables is irrelevant (e.g. 9 and 9) or mismatched (e.g. 8 and 6).</li> <li>be_authors.csv – line counts by author in the original Belarusian poetry. Same counting rules apply, modulo the alignment.</li> <li>rhythm.csv – percentages of accents on each of the 14 syllables in various samples, grouped by author and / or translator. Rows are syllables, columns are samples. Accents in each sample are counted two ways: "min" – only heavy stresses, "max" – all stresses.</li> <li>total_accentuation.csv – average accent counts per line in Shevchenko's Ukrainian texts and Belarusian translations, separately for 8+6, separately for heavy and all stresses.</li> <li>word_boundary.csv – statistics of word boundary positions in 8-syllable 2-word heavy-stressed lines in Shevchenko's Ukrainian texts and Belarusian translations.</li> <li>trochaicity.csv – ratio of stresses that match trochaic metrical template, separately for 8+6, heavy stresses only. Rows are samples: Shevchenko's Ukrainian texts and Belarusian translations, original poetry by three Belarusian authors.</li> </ul> <p>For implementation details, see the source code of make_reports.py.</p> <p>To reproduce report generation, you will need Python. Unzip the archive 1_accentuated.zip and run:<br> python3 make_reports.py</p> <p>To rebuild the slides, you will need LaTeX:<br> xelatex -synctex=1 -interaction=nonstopmode -shell-escape slides.tex<br> If the bibliographic references are not rendered properly, rerun once again.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.