Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0May 2017View details →

A rule based Tibetan part-of-speech (POS) tagger for the creation of gold standard training data

This rule based Tibetan part-of-speech (POS) tagger was prepared in the course of the research project 'Tibetan in Digital Communication' (2012-2015) hosted at SOAS, University of London and funded by the UK's Arts and Humanities Research Council (grant code: AH/J00152X/1). For a description of the tag set see Garrett et al. 2014. and Garrett et al. 2015. For a description of the tagger itself see Garrett et al. 2014. Note that the tagger must be used together with a lexicon (for example Hill & Garrett 2017a). One must use one's own script to tag all words with all tags in the lexicon and then apply the tagger to remove incorrect tags. On the associated corpus of 318,230 words (Hill & Garrett 2017b) the lexical tagger (i.e. simply applying all available tags to all words) tags 141,911 words with the correct unique tag, achieves as accuracy of 1.000 (by definition getting the right tag among others for each word) with an ambiguity of 2.73111. In contrast, the Rule Tagger tags 241,256 words with the correct unique tag, achieves an accuracy of 0.99893 and an ambiguity of 1.38577. Because this tagger does not achieve ambiguity 1.000 it is not suitable for tagging large scale corpora, but instead is useful for the creation of gold standard training data. N.B. In some rare cases the tagger removes all POS-tags.

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

Data from: Variance sum rule for entropy production

Entropy production is the hallmark of nonequilibrium physics, quantifying irreversibility, dissipation, and the efficiency of energy transduction processes. Despite many efforts, its measurement at the nanoscale remains challenging. We introduce a variance sum rule for displacement and force variances that permits us to measure the entropy production rate in nonequilibrium steady states. We first illustrate it for directly measurable forces, such as an active Brownian particle in an optical trap. Data for this analysis can be found in the repository (1) described below. We then apply the variance sum rule to flickering experiments in human red blood cells (repositories (2-4)). We find that the entropy production rate is spatially heterogeneous with a finite correlation length (in particular, data in the repository (4)) and its average value agrees with calorimetry measurements. The dataset is composed of 4 repositories: 1) SwitchingTrap.zip, containing data from Optical-tweezer experiments and used in Fig. 2 and 3 in the main paper, all data are three-column files featuring time (s), position (nm), and force (pN); 2) OpticalStretching.zip, containing data from Optical-tweezer experiments shown in Fig. 4a in the main paper, all data are two-column files featuring time (s) and position (nm) traces; 3) OpticalSensing.zip, containing data from Optical-tweezer experiments shown in Fig. 4b in the main paper, all data are one-column files featuring position (m) traces, sampling frequency 25kHz; 4) OpticalMicroscopy.rar, containing data from Optical-microscopy experiments shown in Fig. 4c in the main paper, all data are one column files featuring position (nm) traces, sampling frequency 2kHz.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2020View details →

FIGURE 3 Majority-rule consensus tree from a in Evolutionary history of species of the fireFly subgenus Hotaria (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Luciolinae, Luciola) inferred from DNA barcoding data

FIGURE 3 Majority-rule consensus tree from a Bayesian analysis (BI) of 128 samples of 14 morphospecies based on COI barcode sequences. The numbers at each node indicate Downloadedposteriorfrom Brill. probabilities com 12. /12/ Weakly 2023 03 sup-:05:57PM ported nodes (posterior via probabilityOpen below Access. 0.95) Thisareis an shownopenin red. access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY 4.0 License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Rules of River Avulsion Supplementary Data Files

This dataset contains the data gathered and analyzed for the rules of river avulsion manuscript. CHANGELOG: 0.0.2: BUG FIX: Updated a few avulsion foldernames/filenames that didn't match the supplementary tables (eg. "BETSI" instead of "BETSIBOKA_2004"), which threw errors in the visualization routines 0.0.3: Changed plotting code for better visualization, added the correct examples for Fig. 4 as some were changed during revision. updated data names and measurements for A018, A002, B4, G9 (n=4, 1 datapoint each, cross sections were extended further away from the channel to capture the full range of near-channel topography)

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

Collection of German Stock Exchange Rules

The STOCK EXCHANGE RULES collection contains rules and regulations from German securities exchanges starting in 1879, but with no claim to completeness. It builds on an initial collection by Andreas Fleckner (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) who kindly agreed to contribute it. The authors approached exchanges as well as some of the exchange supervisory authorities (‘Börsenaufsichtsbehörden’) and economic archives (‘Wirtschaftsarchive’) in the German states (‘Länder’). In some instances, the respective institutions were visited and documents were collected on site. Other rules and regulations were obtained from the law journal ‘Wertpapier-Mitteilungen’ by sifting through the tables of contents of the yearly volumes from 1985 to 2000 and from websites, notably the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Supplementary material for: Testing the peak-end rule in bumblebees: lack of preference for a higher-reward sequence when the final reward is disappointing

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> The peak-end rule describes the tendency to evaluate experiences by their most intense and final moments, rather than considering the entire experience as a whole. While this cognitive bias is well-established in humans, studies on nonhuman animals are very limited. Bumblebees make foraging decisions largely based on past experiences, but whether peak-end effects influence their subsequent flower choices is still unknown. Here, we trained individual Bombus terrestris workers on two artificial flower types, blue and yellow, over 12 consecutive foraging bouts. One flower type offered a sequence of three high-quality rewards (25 μL drops of 50% w/w sucrose solution: “consistent” sequence), while the other provided the same sequence but ended with an additional, lower-quality reward (25 μL drop of 20% w/w sucrose solution: “poor end” sequence). We then tested the bees' flower type preference in a final binary choice. Bees showed a strong preference for blue flowers, both in their initial and overall visits. Across all visits during a 1-minute period, they also favoured flowers associated with the “consistent” sequence, though this preference was significant only when these flowers were yellow. Interestingly, despite offering more sucrose per foraging bout, bees did not favour the “poor end” sequence flower. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to investigate peak-end effects in an insect. How bees evaluate sequential rewards when foraging remains largely unexplored, yet could provide valuable insights into nectar distribution and plant-pollinator co-evolution.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2024View details →

Interim Data and Results for Case Study: Funding rules that promote equity in climate adaptation outcomes

Interim exposure data and results for the published case study. External raw data is available <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/14260630">here</a> and the remaining raw data is generated via code. This is too large to share on Zenodo. There are stochastic aspects in going from raw exposure to interim exposure data and interim exposure data to results, which is why we make the specific interim exposure data and results of the published study available here. Other interim data is not stochastic and can be reproduced following the code reproduction instructions (see https://github.com/abpoll/j40_gc). Please see the underlying study for more details about the methods. The data here can be generally reproduced (not bit-wise) following the code and instructions at this repository: https://zenodo.org/records/14261361.   The interim exposure data is named "exp" and the results data is named "results."

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

Do Design-Rules have an Impact on the Understandability of RESTful APIs? A Controlled Experiment

This publication contains the artifacts to reproduce a study, that investigated the impact of design-rules on the understandability of REST APIs. For this study the tool limesurvey (https://www.limesurvey.org/) was used. The following files are provided:  <ul> <li>limesurvey_study_archive_final.zip: This archive contains the survey structure (.Iss file), which can be imported in limesurvey</li> <li>API_Following_Rules.yaml: The API description for the version that follows the rules</li> <li>API_Ignoring_Rules.yaml: The API description for the version that ignores the rules</li> <li>Result_Data.csv: The untouched dataset exported from limesurvey</li> <li>Adjustments_to_Result_Data.txt: A description of changes that were made to the result data in order to filter out invalid answers and make the data easier to analyze</li> <li>Result_Data_Adjusted.csv: The adjusted dataset based on the changes described in the above file</li> <li>experiment_analysis_final.R: The analysis script used to get the results of the study. This script only works with the Result_Data_Adjusted.csv, because it was created based on the adjusted dataset </li> </ul>

opencc-zeroMar 2022View details →

Dietary specialization mirrors Rapoport's rule in European geometrid moths

Aim: Latitudinal clines in dietary specialisation and range size are used to explain biodiversity distributions at large spatial scale, such as the latitudinal diversity gradient. The aim of this study was to test whether diet breadth (as a dimension of niche breadth) and range size decrease towards lower latitudes in a species-rich clade of herbivorous insects as predicted by the latitude – niche breadth hypothesis and Rapoport's rule, respectively. We further aimed at studying if these species characteristics are positively linked with each other as stated by the niche breadth – range size hypothesis. Location: Europe (35°N – 71°N) Time period: Present-day Major Taxa: Geometrid moths (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) Methods: For every species, we compiled information on latitudinal distribution and host-plant use based on available literature and online sources. We estimated each species' level of fundamental dietary specialisation while accounting for phylogenetic relationships among utilised host plants. We further reconstructed a phylogeny including all studied moth taxa in order to control for phylogenetic dependence in species characteristics. Phylogenetic least squares (PGLS) analyses were used to test each of our hypotheses. Results: We analysed 631 species of geometrids (85.2% of taxa within the biogeographical region), and found strong support for the latitude – niche breadth hypothesis as well as for Rapoport's rule. Fundamental diet breadth was further found to be positively related to latitudinal range size, which supports the niche breadth – range size hypothesis. These results were retained when the subfamilies Ennominae and Larentiinae were analysed separately. Main conclusions: Our findings indicate that latitudinal clines in range size and fundamental diet breadth covary in European geometrid moths and are likely drivers of increased species richness towards lower latitudes. This supports the idea that both characteristics should be studied simultaneously in order to unveil mechanisms structuring biodiversity patterns at macroecological scale.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Number of imperial portraits (average), per year of reign (N=1625), excluding emperors that ruled less than a year and imperial portraits that circulated prior to the emperor's accession

The figure presented here includes the average number of sculptural portraits of Roman emperors (mostly carved from marble or casted in bronze), per year of rule, that were collected for the purposes of analyzing the representation of Roman emperors in freestanding sculpture. PhD dissertation: S. Heijnen (2022), Portraying Change: The Representation of Roman Emperors in Freestanding Sculpture (ca. 50 BC - ca. 400 AD). Dissertation. Radboud University.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Data to reproduce: Cultural diffusion dynamics depend on behavioral production rules

This repository contains data to reproduce the manuscript titled "Cultural diffusion dynamics depend on behavioural production rules". These RDAs contain simulation data, as well as inference data from NBDA and EWA analyses. They are intended to be used with the analysis code found at <a href="http://www.github.com/michaelchimento/acquisition_production_abm" rel="noopener">www.github.com/michaelchimento/acquisition_production_abm</a>.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Exceptions to the rule: Relative roles of time, diversification rates and regional energy in shaping the inverse latitudinal diversity gradient

Aim: Inverse latitudinal diversity gradients (i-LDG), whereby regional richness peaks outside the tropics, have rarely been investigated and their causes remain unclear. Here, we investigate three prominent explanations, postulating that species-rich regions have had (1) longer time to accumulate species, (2) faster diversification, and (3) more energy to support more diverse communities. These mechanisms have been shown to explain the tropical megadiversity, and we examine whether they can also explain i-LDG. Location: Global Time period: Contemporary Major taxa studied: Amphibians, birds, mammals Methods: We estimated the time for species accumulation, regional diversification rates, and regional energy for six tetrapod taxa (≈ 800 species). Then, we quantified the relative effects and interactions among these three classes of variables, using variance partitioning, and confirmed the results across alternative metrics for time (community phylometrics and BioGeoBEARS), diversification rates (BAMM and DR), and regional energy (past and current temperature, productivity). Results: While regional richness across each of the six taxa peaked in the temperate region, it varied markedly across hemispheres and continents. The effects of time, diversification rates, and regional energy varied greatly from one taxon to another, but high diversification rates generally emerged as the best predictor of high regional richness. The effects of time and regional energy were limited, with the exception of salamanders and cetaceans. Main conclusions: Together, our results indicate that the causes of i-LDG are highly taxon-specific. Consequently, large-scale richness gradients might not have a universal explanation and different causal pathways might converge on similar gradients. Moreover, regional diversification rates might vary dramatically between similar environments and, depending on the taxon, regional richness might or might not depend on the time for species accumulation. Together, these results underscore the complexity behind the formation of richness gradients, which might involve a symphony of variations on the interplay of time, diversification rates, and regional energy.

Figure 5. Forward walking image sequence-Design and Implementation of an Autonomous Humanoid Robot Based on Fuzzy Rule-Based Motion Controller

The behavior module determines the target position and orientation according to the results of localization and the sensor measurements, and then constructs an action series which consists of the elementary gaits to realize omni directional walking. The implementation of forward walking is applying Virtual Slope Walking in the sagittal plane with the Lateral Swing Movement for lateral stability. The sideward walking and turning is realized by carefully designing the key frames. All of above gait is generated by connecting the key frames with smooth sinusoids. The forward walking speed of PERSIA Humanoid Robot is 25cm/s. The image sequences of forward walking are shown in Figure 5.

Figure 2. Mechanical construction of the PERSIA humanoid robots-Design and Implementation of an Autonomous Humanoid Robot Based on Fuzzy Rule-Based Motion Controller

Figure 2 shows one of the constructions used for our robots. Knee joints are considered to bend in both directions which help faster response of the robot in backward walking. Efforts have been made to hold the proportions as much as possible human like. The PERSIA robot is 38cm tall and weighs about 1.6 kg. It has 18 degrees of freedom: 5 in each leg, 3 in each hand and 2 in head. To facilitate exchange of the players, all robots use mechanically the same structure.

Figure 4. (a)Our Humanoid soccer robot, (b) Overview of the Control System-Design and Implementation of an Autonomous Humanoid Robot Based on Fuzzy Rule-Based Motion Controller

Figure 4 shows the block diagram of the software which runs in the robot’s main processor. The program consists of 4 main blocks: • Hardware Interface: Contains all low level routines to access hardware of the robot including sensors and actuators. • Vision: Contains image processing algorithms such as recognition of landmarks and other object. Self localization is done using particle filtering. Particles are scored by comparing a simulated image from each particle with the current frame captured by camera. Using “Sampling-Importance Resampling” method, a new distribution of the particles is created after each step. Particles are also updated using a motion model. Final distribution of the particles converges to the real pose of the robot. • Planning: Planning system of the robot is based on a multi layer, and multi thread structure. The layers are named Strategy, Role, Behavior and Motion. Each layer contains a Scenario which runs in parallel with the scenarios in the other layers. A scenario in a higher level can terminate and change the scenario running in the lower level; however it is usually done in synchronization with the lower level scenario to avoid conflicts and instabilities. (Such as stopping the walking motion while one of the feet is still in the air). • Network: Mainly responsible for the wireless communication of the robot with the other robots or the referee box. This is done via WLAN. • Motion Control: manages all the actuators of the robot, and controls locomotion or any other action of the robot according to the requests from Cognition. • Sensor Control: manages other sensors, and interacts with the Sub-Controller.

Figure 8. Artificial Intelligence Algorithm-Design and Implementation of an Autonomous Humanoid Robot Based on Fuzzy Rule-Based Motion Controller

This module receives information from Artificial Intelligent unit. Total functions about Robot Behavior such as stability motors actions, robot path planning, turn camera, walking, shooting, dribbling; motion and etc are controlled in this section.

Figure 1. PERSIA Humanoid Robot in Robocup IranOpen2010 Competition-Design and Implementation of an Autonomous Humanoid Robot Based on Fuzzy Rule-Based Motion Controller

In this paper, we will at first describe the general hardware design of the PERSIA Humanoid Robocup Team, (section 2) and after that focus on our scientific approaches in sensor fusion and learning (section 3). Finally, section 4 concludes this paper. This document describes the current state of the project as well as the intended development for the RoboCup 2010 competition.

Figure 3. (a) Our Humanoid soccer robot, (b) Overview of the Control System-Design and Implementation of an Autonomous Humanoid Robot Based on Fuzzy Rule-Based Motion Controller

The PERSIA Humanoid robot designed for has multipurpose capability. This robot equipped with main board for motion control, vision sensor, other balancing sensors, servo motors and etc. Figure 3 shows picture of the robot and overview of the Persia humanoid robot control system.

opencc-zeroMar 2020View details →

FIG. 2 in Vertical Gradient of Epiphytic Bryophytes in the Amazon: the Rule and its Exception

FIG. 2. — Mean and standard error of the richness of epiphytic bryophytes in the height zones per vegetation type. Lowercase letters are used to indicate differences between height zones and uppercase letters to indicate differences between height zones compared in the different vegetation types in Igapó.