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Distinct predatory behaviors in scimitar- and dirk-toothed sabertooth cats
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FIG. 2 in Caudal Cranium Of Thylacosmilus Atrox (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta), A South American Predaceous Sabertooth
FIG. 2. Artistic reconstruction of Thylacosmilus atrox by Jorge Blanco.
Data from: Evolution in the sabertooth cat, Smilodon fatalis, in response to Pleistocene climate change
The late Pleistocene was a time of environmental change, culminating in an extinction event. Few fossil localities record a temporal series of carnivore fossil populations from this interesting interval as well as Rancho La Brea (RLB). We analyzed mandibles of Smilodon fatalis from RLB using 2D geometric morphometrics to examine if, and how, mandibular shape changes through time. S. fatalis shows mandibular evolution with oscillations between a small, ancestral-type morph in pits 77 (≈37 Kybp) and 2051 (≈26 Kybp), a larger, more derived morph in pits 91 (≈28 Kybp) and 61-67 (≈13.6 Kybp), and an intermediate morph from pit 13 (≈17.7 Kybp). These oscillations end in pit 61-67, where Smilodon exhibits its greatest body size, widest gape, and lowest bite forces. Additionally, variation is lowest in pit 61-67, which was deposited concurrent with the Bølling-Allerød warming event, which may have important implications for the timing or conditions during the extinction event. Contra to a temporal Bergmann's rule, such rapid warming events appear to be correlated with larger, derived, morphologies while static, cooler, climates correlate with gracile, ancestral morphologies.
Data from: Morphological convergence of the prey-killing arsenal of sabertooth predators
Sabertooth members of the Felidae, Nimravidae, and Barbourofelidae are well-known for their elongated saber-shaped canines. However, within these groups, there is a wide range of independently derived tooth shapes and lengths, including dirk-tooth and scimitar-tooth morphs. In conjunction with the saberteeth, forelimbs were also used to subdue prey. Thus, there may be a functional link between canine shape and forelimb morphology. Because there are no living sabertooth forms for comparison, extant felids make a good proxy for examining the morphology of these extinct organisms. Here, I examine the forelimb morphology of different sabertooth groups from across North America; I address whether forelimb morphologies are associated with tooth morphologies, and whether these associated tooth and forelimb morphologies are convergent among different families. To answer these questions, I analyzed six functional indices of the forelimbs and two canine characters for 13 species of sabertooth predators and 15 extant felid species. Results indicate that sabertooth morphs with longer, thinner canines show more robust limb proportions. These patterns were convergent among sabertooth felids, nimravids, and barbourofelids, and indicate a positive functional relationship between saber elongation and increased forelimb robustness. This suggests that sabertooth carnivorans demonstrated niche partitioning of predation strategies according to canine shape and corresponding forelimb morphology.
FIGURE 7 in Adelotremus leptus, a new genus and species of sabertooth blenny from the Red Sea (Teleostei: Blenniidae: Nemophini)
FIGURE 7. Xiphasia setifer, adult with head protruding from polychaete tube near vicinity of type locality of Aldelotremus leptus. Photo by Jean Louise Rose.
FIGURE 3. Precaudal vertebrae 7–11 in Adelotremus leptus, a new genus and species of sabertooth blenny from the Red Sea (Teleostei: Blenniidae: Nemophini)
FIGURE 3. Precaudal vertebrae 7–11 (epineurals and pleural ribs not shown) and associated pterygiophores, traced from digital radiographs, in two nemophin species: (A) Adelotremus leptus, holotype and (B) Petroscirtes thepassi, USNM 205296, male, 51.3 mm SL.
FIGURE 2 in Adelotremus leptus, a new genus and species of sabertooth blenny from the Red Sea (Teleostei: Blenniidae: Nemophini)
FIGURE 2. Partial radiograph of Adelotremus leptus, holotype. Digital radiograph by Sandra J. Raredon.
FIGURE 1 in Adelotremus leptus, a new genus and species of sabertooth blenny from the Red Sea (Teleostei: Blenniidae: Nemophini)
FIGURE 1. Adelotremus leptus, holotype, USNM 402770, 35.4 mm SL, adult female, Red Sea, Egypt (Anal fin and most of dorsal fin tightly pressed against body.). Photo by Jean Louis Rose.
FIGURE 6 in Adelotremus leptus, a new genus and species of sabertooth blenny from the Red Sea (Teleostei: Blenniidae: Nemophini)
FIGURE 6. Adelotremus leptus, holotype, with head protruding from polychaete tube. Photo by Jean Louis Rose.
FIGURE 5 in Adelotremus leptus, a new genus and species of sabertooth blenny from the Red Sea (Teleostei: Blenniidae: Nemophini)
FIGURE 5. Cephalic sensory pores in Adelotremus leptus, holotype; some lateral temporal pores possibly not detected.
FIGURE 4 in Adelotremus leptus, a new genus and species of sabertooth blenny from the Red Sea (Teleostei: Blenniidae: Nemophini)
FIGURE 4. Infraorbital bones (not drawn to same scale) in two nemophin species: (A) Adelotremus leptus, holotype (reversed right infraorbital) and (B) Petroscirtes thepassi, USNM 205296, male, 46.6. mm SL.
Figure 5 in Diegoaelurus, a new machaeroidine (Oxyaenidae) from the Santiago Formation (late Uintan) of southern California and the relationships of Machaeroidinae, the oldest group of sabertooth mammals
Figure 5 Radiograph of the left dentary of Diegoaelurus vanvalkenburghae sp. nov. (SDSNH 38343). Note the absence of alveoli in the expected position of p4 (arrow) indicating that the tooth was either pathologically absent or that loss occurred well antemortem. Scale bar is 1 cm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13032/fig-5
Figure 6 in Diegoaelurus, a new machaeroidine (Oxyaenidae) from the Santiago Formation (late Uintan) of southern California and the relationships of Machaeroidinae, the oldest group of sabertooth mammals
Figure 6 Phylogeny of Machaeroidinae. Single most parsimonious tree (L: 30; CI: 0.83; RI: 0.61) depicting the interrelationships of Machaeroidinae. Numbers below nodes within the ingroup indicate Bremer support. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13032/fig-6
Figure 3 in Diegoaelurus, a new machaeroidine (Oxyaenidae) from the Santiago Formation (late Uintan) of southern California and the relationships of Machaeroidinae, the oldest group of sabertooth mammals
Figure 3 Anterior view of the holotype of Diegoaelurus vanvalkenburghae sp. nov. (SDSNH 38343) showing the lateral flaring of the mandibular flange. Image is taken from a 3D model of the holotype. Scale bar is 10 mm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13032/fig-3
Figure 2 in Diegoaelurus, a new machaeroidine (Oxyaenidae) from the Santiago Formation (late Uintan) of southern California and the relationships of Machaeroidinae, the oldest group of sabertooth mammals
Figure 2 Holotype of Diegoaelurus vanvalkenburghae sp. nov. (SDSNH 38343). Right dentary with i2, c, p3, m1-2, and alveoli for i3 and p2 in (A) buccal, (B) occlusal, (C) oblique occlusobuccal, and (D) lingual views. Scale bar is 10 mm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13032/fig-2
Figure 1 in Diegoaelurus, a new machaeroidine (Oxyaenidae) from the Santiago Formation (late Uintan) of southern California and the relationships of Machaeroidinae, the oldest group of sabertooth mammals
Figure 1 Distribution of North American representatives of Machaeroidinae. Light blue and green indicate basins producing early and middle Eocene machaeroidines, respectively. Note that while the Bridger Basin has produced several specimens of early Eocene Machaeroides eothen, USNM 173514 and AMNH FM 12083 are earliest middle Eocene. Basin outlines adapted from Dickinson et al. (1988) and Tomiya et al. (2021). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13032/fig-1
Data from: Eurasian wanderer: An island sabertoothed cat (Felidae, Machairodontinae) in the Far East
<p><span>Machairodontinae</span><span>, including the famous <em>Smilodon</em> and <em>Homotherium</em>, was an iconic Pleistocene carnivore lineage that occupied a critical ecological paleo-niche and is thought to have had a profound impact on Ice Age ecosystem structure. Recent ancient molecular studies on <em>Homotherium</em> suggest a wider distribution than inferred from the fossil record, highlighting a need for additional fieldwork, fossil collection, and research in understudied geographic regions. After the original publication 80 years ago that identified a Pleistocene carnivoran fossil as <em>Felis</em> sp. in Taiwan, here we revise its identification and demonstrate the presence of the large machairodontine cat, cf. <em>Homotherium</em> sp., in the Pleistocene of Taiwan, suggesting the easternmost occurrence of this lineage in Eurasia. Our results also exemplify the importance of fossil curation and in-depth research to reveal regional hidden diversity and lost ecosystem structure for understanding faunal turnover and the origin of modern biodiversity.</span></p>
Data from: Evolution in the sabertooth cat, Smilodon fatalis, in response to Pleistocene climate change
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Morphological convergence of the prey-killing arsenal of sabertooth predators
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Eurasian wanderer: An island sabertoothed cat (Felidae, Machairodontinae) in the Far East
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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