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47 results for “sagebrush”
Mojave Bell's Sparrow (Artemisiospiza bellii canescens) and Sagebrush Sparrow (Artemisiospiza nevadensis) captures at western Arizona sites, February 2014
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Data for: Causal mechanisms for negative impacts of energy development inform management triggers for sagebrush birds
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Data from: Use of auto-germ to model germination timing in the Sagebrush-steppe
Germination timing has a strong influence on direct seeding efforts, and therefore is a closely tracked demographic stage in a wide variety of wildland and agricultural settings. Predictive seed germination models, based on soil moisture and temperature data in the seed zone are an efficient method of estimating germination timing. We utilized Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to create Auto-Germ, which is an Excel workbook that allows a user to estimate field germination timing based on wet-thermal accumulation models and field temperature and soil moisture data. To demonstrate the capabilities of Auto-Germ, we calculated various germination indices and modeled germination timing for 11 different species, across 6 years, and 10 Artemisia-steppe sites in the Great Basin of North America to identify the planting date required for 50% or more of the simulated population to germinate in spring (1 March or later), which is when conditions are predicted to be more conducive for plant establishment. Both between and within the species, germination models indicated that there was high temporal and spatial variability in the planting date required for spring germination to occur. However, some general trends were identified, with species falling roughly into three categories, where seeds could be planted on average in either fall (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis and Leymus cinereus), early winter (Festuca idahoensis, Poa secunda, Elymus lanceolatus, Elymus elymoides, and Linum lewisii), or mid-winter (Achillea millefolium, Elymus wawawaiensis , and Pseudoroegneria spicata) and still not run the risk of germination during winter. These predictions made through Auto-Germ demonstrate that fall may not be an optimal time period for sowing seeds for most non-dormant species if the desired goal is to have seeds germinate in spring.
Data from: Climate drives adaptive genetic responses associated with survival in big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)
A genecological approach was used to explore genetic variation for survival in Artemisia tridentata (big sagebrush). Artemisia tridentata is a widespread and foundational shrub species in western North America. This species has become extremely fragmented, to the detriment of dependent wildlife, and efforts to restore it are now a land management priority. Common garden experiments were established at three sites with seedlings from 55 source-populations. Populations included each of the three predominant subspecies, and cytotype variations. Survival was monitored for five-years to assess differences in survival between gardens and populations. We found evidence of adaptive genetic variation for survival. Survival within gardens differed by source-population and a substantial proportion of this variation was explained by seed climate-of-origin. Plants from areas with the coldest winters had the highest levels of survival, while populations from warmer and drier sites had the lowest levels of survival. Survival was lowest, 36%, in the garden that was prone to the lowest minimum temperatures. These results suggest the importance of climatic driven genetic differences and their effect on survival. Understanding how genetic variation is arrayed across the landscape and its association with climate can greatly enhance the success of restoration and conservation.
Flowering time advances since the 1970s in a sagebrush steppe community: implications for management and restoration
<p>Climate change is widely known to affect plant phenology, but little is known about how these impacts manifest in the widespread sagebrush ecosystem of the Western US which supports a number of wildlife species of concern. Shifts in plant phenology can trigger consequences for the plants themselves as well as the communities of consumers that depend upon them. We assembled historical observations of first flowering dates for 51 species collected in the 1970 and 80s in a montane sagebrush community in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and compared these to contemporary phenological observations targeting the same species and locations (2016-2019). We also assembled regional climate data (average spring temperature, day of spring snowmelt, and growing degree days) and tested the relationship between first flowering time and these variables for each species. We observed the largest change in phenology in early spring flowers, which as a group bloomed on average 17 days earlier, and as much as 36 days earlier, in the contemporary data set. Mid-summer flowers bloomed on average 10 days earlier, nonnative species 15 days earlier, and berry-producing shrubs 5 days earlier, while late summer flowering plants did not shift. The greatest correlates of early spring and mid-summer flowering were average spring temperature and day of snowmelt, which was 21 days earlier, on average, in 2016-2019 relative to the 1973-1978. The shifts in flowering phenology that we observed could indicate developing asynchronies or novel synchronies of these plant resources and wildlife species of conservation concern including: Greater sage-grouse, whose nesting success is tied to availability of spring forbs; grizzly bears -- which rely heavily on berries for their fall diet; and pollinators. This underscores the importance of maintaining a diverse portfolio of native plants in terms of species composition, genetics, phenological responsiveness to climatic cues, and ecological importance to key wildlife and pollinator species. Redundancy within ecological niches may also be important considering that species roles in the community may shift as climate change affects them differently. These considerations are particularly relevant to restoration and habitat-enhancement projects in sagebrush communities across western North America.</p>
Data for Sagebrush: Consistent individual variation in plant communication: Do plants have personalities?
<p>Animal biologists have recently focused on individual variation in behavioral traits and have found that individuals of many species have personalities. These are defined as consistent intraspecific differences in behaviors that are repeatable across different situations and stable over time. When animals sense danger, some individuals will alert neighbors with alarm calls and both calling and responding vary consistently among individuals. Plants, including sagebrush, emit volatile cues when they are attacked by herbivores and neighbors perceive these cues and reduce their own damage. We experimentally transferred volatiles between pairs of sagebrush plants to evaluate whether individuals showed consistent variation in their effectiveness as emitters and as receivers of cues. We found that 64% of the variance in chewing damage to branches over the growing season was attributable to the identity of the individual receiving the cues. This variation could have been caused by inherent differences in the plants as well as by differences in the environments where they grew and their histories. We found that 5% of the variance in chewing damage was attributable to the identity of the emitter that provided the cue. This fraction of variation was statistically significant and could not be attributed to the environmental conditions of the receiver. Effective receivers were also relatively effective emitters, indicating consistency across different situations. Pairs of receivers and emitters that were effective communicators in 2018 were again relatively effective in 2019, indicating consistency over time. These results suggest that plants have repeatable individual personalities with respect to alarm calls.</p>
On following pages: 79. Eastern Mole Vole (Ellobius tancrei); 80. Alai Mole Vole (Ellobius alaicus); 81. Southern Mole Vole (Ellobius fuscocapillus); 82. Transcaucasian Mole Vole (Ellobius lutescens); 83. Yellow Steppe Lemming (Eolagurus luteus); 84. Przewalski's Steppe Lemming (Eolagurus przewalskii); 85. Steppe Vole (Lagurus lagurus), 86. South-western Water Vole (Arvicola sapidus); 87. Eurasian Water Vole (Arvicola amphibius); 88. Montane Water Vole (Arvicola monticola); 89. Italian Water Vole (Arvicola italicus); 90. Sagebrush Vole (Lemmiscus curtatus); 91. European Snow Vole (Chionomys nivalis); 92. Robert's Snow Vole (Chionomys robert); 93. Gudaur Snow Vole (Chionomys gud); 94. Lazistan Snow Vole (Chionomys lasistanius); 95. Sichuan Vole (Volemys millicens); 96. Marie's Vole (Volemys musseri); 97. Duke of Bedford's Vole (Proedromys bedford); 98. Liangshan Vole (Proedromys liangshanensis); 99. Brandt's Vole (Lasiopodomys brandftil); 100. Mandarin Vole (Lasiopodomys mandarinus); 101. Narrow-headed Vole (Lasiopodomys gregalis); 102. Radde's Vole (Lasiopodomys raddei); 103. Sikkim Mountain Vole (Neodon sikimensis); 104. Linzhi Mountain Vole (Neodon linzhiensis); 105. Clarke's Vole (Neodon clarke); 106. Medog Mountain Vole (Neodon medogensis); 107. Nyalam Mountain Vole (Neodon nyalamensis); 108. Irene Mountain Vole (Neodon irene); 109. Forrest's Mountain Vole (Neodon forresti); 110. Blyth's Mountain Vole (Neodon leucurus); 111. Smoky Mountain Vole (Neodon fuscus). in Cricetidae
On following pages: 79. Eastern Mole Vole (Ellobius tancrei); 80. Alai Mole Vole (Ellobius alaicus); 81. Southern Mole Vole (Ellobius fuscocapillus); 82. Transcaucasian Mole Vole (Ellobius lutescens); 83. Yellow Steppe Lemming (Eolagurus luteus); 84. Przewalski's Steppe Lemming (Eolagurus przewalskii); 85. Steppe Vole (Lagurus lagurus), 86. South-western Water Vole (Arvicola sapidus); 87. Eurasian Water Vole (Arvicola amphibius); 88. Montane Water Vole (Arvicola monticola); 89. Italian Water Vole (Arvicola italicus); 90. Sagebrush Vole (Lemmiscus curtatus); 91. European Snow Vole (Chionomys nivalis); 92. Robert's Snow Vole (Chionomys robert); 93. Gudaur Snow Vole (Chionomys gud); 94. Lazistan Snow Vole (Chionomys lasistanius); 95. Sichuan Vole (Volemys millicens); 96. Marie's Vole (Volemys musseri); 97. Duke of Bedford's Vole (Proedromys bedford); 98. Liangshan Vole (Proedromys liangshanensis); 99. Brandt's Vole (Lasiopodomys brandftil); 100. Mandarin Vole (Lasiopodomys mandarinus); 101. Narrow-headed Vole (Lasiopodomys gregalis); 102. Radde's Vole (Lasiopodomys raddei); 103. Sikkim Mountain Vole (Neodon sikimensis); 104. Linzhi Mountain Vole (Neodon linzhiensis); 105. Clarke's Vole (Neodon clarke); 106. Medog Mountain Vole (Neodon medogensis); 107. Nyalam Mountain Vole (Neodon nyalamensis); 108. Irene Mountain Vole (Neodon irene); 109. Forrest's Mountain Vole (Neodon forresti); 110. Blyth's Mountain Vole (Neodon leucurus); 111. Smoky Mountain Vole (Neodon fuscus).
Rare taxa drives soil organic carbon accumulation in sagebrush desert grassland under grazing exclusion
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Data from: Harvester ant seed removal in an invaded sagebrush ecosystem: implications for restoration
<p>A better understanding of seed movement in plant community dynamics is needed, especially in light of disturbance-driven changes and investments into restoring degraded plant communities. A primary agent of change within the sagebrush-steppe is wildfire and invasion by non-native forbs and grasses, primarily cheatgrass (<i>Bromus tectorum</i>). Our objectives were to quantify seed removal and evaluate ecological factors influencing seed removal within degraded sagebrush-steppe by granivorous Owyhee harvester ants (<i>Pogonomyrmex salinus</i> Olsen). In 2014, we sampled 76 harvester ant nests across 11 plots spanning a gradient of cheatgrass invasion (40-91% cover) in southwestern Idaho, USA. We presented seeds from four plant species commonly used in post-fire restoration at 1.5 and 3.0 m from each nest to quantify seed removal. We evaluated seed selection for presented species, monthly removal, and whether biotic and abiotic factors (e.g., distance to nearest nest, temperature) influenced seed removal. Our top model indicated seed removal was positively correlated with nest height, an indicator of colony size. Distance to seeds and cheatgrass canopy cover reduced seed removal, likely due to increased search and handling time. Harvester ants were selective, removing Indian ricegrass (<i>Achnatherum hymenoides</i>) more than any other species presented. We suspect this was due to ease of seed handling and low weight variability. Nest density influenced monthly seed removal, as we estimated monthly removal of 1,890 seeds for 0.25 ha plots with 1 nest and 29,850 seeds for plots with 15 nests. Applying monthly seed removal to historical restoration treatments across the western U.S. showed harvester ants can greatly reduce seed availability at degraded sagebrush sites; for instance, fourwing saltbush (<i>Atriplex canescens</i>) seeds could be removed in <2 months. Collectively, these results shed light on seed removal by harvester ants and emphasize their potential influence on post-fire restoration within invaded sagebrush communities.</p>
Grazing intensity effects on herbaceous community composition in burned sagebrush-steppe
<p>There is limited knowledge on grazing impacts to long-term plant community dynamics following fire in sagebrush steppe, This study evaluated vegetation response to different intensities of deferred rotation cattle grazing over 16 years (2007–2022) on burned Wyoming big sagebrush steppe in eastern Oregon. Treatments were applied in a randomized complete block, including on grazing on burned (Non-use, n=5) and unburned (Control, n=5) steppe; and cattle grazing at low (Low, n=4), moderate (Moderate, n=4), and high (High, n=4) intensities on burned steppe. Vegetation dynamics were evaluated by repeated measures analysis of canopy cover and density of shrub and herbaceous species and functional groups. Herbaceosus functional groups were an early season bunchgrass (one species, Sandberg bluegrass), tall perennial bunchgrass, perennial forbs, annual grass (one species, cheatgrass) and annual forbs. Tall perennial bunchgrass, Sandberg bluegrass, and perennial forb cover and density did not differ among the treatments but did decrease over time in all treatments. Cover of several tall bunchgrass species were generally less in the High treatment, mainly, Idaho fescue, and Thurber's needlegrass. Cover of cheatgrass and annual forbs varied across years but were greater among the burned grazed and Non-use treatments than the Control. Native plant cover in the burned treatments (grazed and Non-use) represented 77 to 85 % of total herbaceous cover versus the Control where natives comprised 91% of the total. Annual weather variability appears to account for most of the compositional dynamics measured in the various grazed and ungrazed treatments.</p>
Experimental reduction of a primary nest predator fails to decrease nest predation rates of sagebrush songbirds
<p>Predator removal comprises one management strategy to increase the reproductive success of a prey species of concern, particularly within human-altered landscapes. The efficacy of such an approach, however, depends partly on the extent to which predation risk is additive or compensatory, which remains unknown for many systems. We experimentally reduced the local abundance of deer mice (<em>Peromyscus</em> <em>maniculatus</em>), a primary nest predator of three sagebrush-obligate songbirds (Brewer's Sparrow [<em>Spizella</em> <em>breweri</em>], Sagebrush Sparrow [<em>Artemisiospiza</em> <em>nevadensis</em>], and Sage Thrasher [<em>Oreoscoptus</em> <em>montanus</em>]) during May ̶ August 2019 in western Wyoming, USA to assess whether nest predation risk was additive or compensatory and whether nest predator removal could comprise a potentially effective management tool. Deer mouse removal did not affect the daily nest survival of songbirds between experimental and control plots, despite a reduction of 68 ̶ 85% in deer mouse abundance within treatment areas. Nest predation in this system therefore likely operated in a compensatory way, in which deer mice that escaped removal, new immigrants, or other species of nest predator maintained similar levels of nest predation risk regardless of the prevalence of a primary predator. We caution that predator removal may not be an effective management tool in systems that lack barriers to predator immigration or have several alternative species of predators, even when a single species typically is responsible for the majority of predation events. </p>
Data from: Climate drives adaptive genetic responses associated with survival in big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)
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Data from: Repeated fires reduce plant diversity in low-elevation Wyoming big sagebrush ecosystems (1984-2014)
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Data from: Nitrogen addition pulse has minimal effect in big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) communities on the Pinedale Anticline, Wyoming (USA)
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Data for Sagebrush: Consistent individual variation in plant communication: Do plants have personalities?
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Data from: Deep sequencing of amplicons reveals widespread intraspecific hybridization and multiple origins of polyploidy in big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)
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Experimental reduction of a primary nest predator fails to decrease nest predation rates of sagebrush songbirds
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Data from: Use of auto-germ to model germination timing in the Sagebrush-steppe
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Data from: Harvester ant seed removal in an invaded sagebrush ecosystem: implications for restoration
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Grazing intensity effects on herbaceous community composition in burned sagebrush-steppe
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.