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149 results for “salmonids”
Fig. 1 in Impacts of ontogenetic dietary shifts on the food-transmitted intestinal parasite communities of two lake salmonids
Fig. 1. Frequency of occurrence of prey categories in the diet of a) Arctic charr and b) brown trout throughout their ontogenesis. Prey categories not related to intestinal parasite transmission are excluded.
Fig. 4 in Impacts of ontogenetic dietary shifts on the food-transmitted intestinal parasite communities of two lake salmonids
Fig. 4. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot on Bray-Curtis distances of a) Arctic charr and b) brown trout showing dissimilarity in parasite community composition between different size classes including 95% confidence intervals ellipses. NMDS converged on a three-dimensional solution with an acceptable stress level.
Fig. 7 in Impacts of ontogenetic dietary shifts on the food-transmitted intestinal parasite communities of two lake salmonids
Fig. 7. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) performed on parasite abundances as a function of presence-absence of prey types and fish length in a) Arctic charr and b) brown trout (Cre. = Crepidostomum spp., Cya. = Cyatocephalus truncatus, Eub.s. = Eubothrium salvelini, Eub.c. = Eubothrium crassum, Pro. = Proteocephalus sp., Dib. = Dibothriocephalus spp.).
Fig. 5 in Impacts of ontogenetic dietary shifts on the food-transmitted intestinal parasite communities of two lake salmonids
Fig. 5. Differences in parasite community composition between Arctic charr and brown trout using nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot on Bray-Curtis distances, including 95% confidence interval ellipses. NMDS converged on a three-dimensional solution with an acceptable stress level.
Fig. 3 in Impacts of ontogenetic dietary shifts on the food-transmitted intestinal parasite communities of two lake salmonids
Fig. 3. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in Arctic charr (black) and brown trout (grey) throughout their ontogenesis with 95% confidence intervals.
Fig. 5 in Distribution patterns and trophic characteristics of salmonids and native species inhabiting high altitude rivers of Pampa de Achala region, Argentina
Fig. 5. Dendrogram of diet similitude of Trichomycterus corduvensis (TC), Salvelinus fontinalis (SF) and Oncorhynchus mykiss (OM) in high altitude streams in Pampa de Achala area, Córdoba.
Fig. 6 in Distribution patterns and trophic characteristics of salmonids and native species inhabiting high altitude rivers of Pampa de Achala region, Argentina
Fig. 6. Graphic representation of Tokeshi analysis. ID = mean individual feeding diversity; PD = population feeding diversity. a) Trichomycterus corduvensis, b) Salvelinus fontinalis, and c) Oncorhynchus mykiss. Numbers correspond to streams from Table 1.
Fig. 1 in Distribution patterns and trophic characteristics of salmonids and native species inhabiting high altitude rivers of Pampa de Achala region, Argentina
Fig. 1. Sampling sites and surveyed rivers in the Reserva Provincial Pampa de Achala and Quebrada del Condorito National Park.
Intermediate files accompanying manuscript "The genomic basis of reproductive and migratory behaviour in a polymorphic salmonid".
<p>Recent ecotypic differentiation provides unique opportunities to investigate the genomic basis and architecture of local adaptation, while offering insights into how species form and persist. Sockeye salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus nerka</em>) exhibit migratory and resident (‘kokanee’) ecotypes, which are further distinguished into shore-spawning and stream-spawning reproductive ecotypes. Here, we analysed 36 sockeye (stream-spawning) and kokanee (stream- and shore-spawning) genomes from a system where they co-occur and have a recent common ancestry (Okanagan Lake/River in British Columbia, Canada) to investigate the genomic basis of reproductive and migratory behaviour. Examination of the genomic landscape of differentiation, differences in allele frequencies, and genotype-phenotype associations revealed three main blocks of sequence differentiation on chromosomes 7, 12, and 20, associated with migratory behaviour, spawning location, and spawning timing. Several structural variants identified in these same areas suggest they could contribute to ecotypic differentiation directly as causal variants or via maintenance of their genomic architecture through recombination suppression mechanisms. Genes in these regions were related to spatial memory and swimming endurance (<em>SYNGAP</em>, <em>TPM3</em>), as well as eye and brain development (including <em>SIX6</em>), potentially associated with differences in migratory behaviour and visual habitats across spawning locations, respectively. Additional genes (<em>GREB1L</em>, <em>ROCK1</em>) identified have been associated with timing of migration in other salmonids and could explain variation in timing of spawning in our study. Together, these results based on the joint analysis of sequence and structural variation represent a significant advance in our understanding of the genomic landscape of ecotypic differentiation at different stages in the speciation continuum.</p>
Individual variation in spawning migration timing in a salmonid fish—exploring roles of environmental and social cues
<p><span>Describing and explaining patterns of individual animal behaviors in situ, and their repeatability over the annual cycle, is an emerging field in ecology owing largely to advances in tagging technology. We describe individual movements of adult Sakhalin taimen, <em>Parahucho</em> <em>perryi</em>, an endangered salmonid fish, in the headwaters of a river in northern Japan during the spring spawning season over two years. Migration timing, separated into stages prior to, during, and following the spawning period, was found to be more consistent and repeatable for females than males. We hypothesized that the observed coordinated movement within seasons, and repeatability in migration timing across seasons, could result from 1) individual-specific responsiveness resulting from endogenous, biological traits that are mediated by environmental factors, or 2) social interactions among comigrating individuals. We found that water temperature and water level experienced by fish near the river mouth approximately a week before arrival at the spawning ground explained variability in run timing between years for females but not males. We found no evidence of conspecific attraction or repulsion resulting from social interactions among the spawners and post-spawners. We conclude that individual-specific responsiveness to environmental cues was the likely mechanism underpinning the observed migration timing and movement patterns.</span></p>
Genomic vulnerability of a freshwater salmonid under climate change
<p>Understanding the adaptive potential of populations and species is pivotal for minimizing the loss of biodiversity in this era of rapid climate change. Adaptive potential has been estimated in various ways, including based on levels of standing genetic variation, presence of potentially beneficial alleles, and/or severity of environmental change. Kokanee salmon, the non-migratory ecotype of sockeye salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus nerka</em>), is culturally and economically important, and has already been impacted by the effects of climate change. To assess its climate vulnerability moving forward, we integrated analyses of standing genetic variation, genotype-environment associations and climate modeling based on sequence and structural genomic variation from 224 whole genomes sampled from 22 lakes from British Columbia and Yukon (Canada). We found that variables for extreme temperatures, particularly warmer temperatures, had the most pervasive signature of selection in the genome and were the strongest predictors of levels of standing variation and of putatively adaptive genomic variation, both sequence and structural. Genomic offset estimates, a measure of climate vulnerability, were significantly correlated with higher increases in extreme warm temperatures, further highlighting the risk of summer heat waves that are predicted to increase in frequency in the future. Levels of standing genetic variation, an important metric for population viability and resilience, were not correlated with genomic offset. Nonetheless, our combined approach highlights the importance of integrating different sources of information and genomic data to formulate more comprehensive and accurate predictions on the vulnerability of populations and species to future climate change.</p>
Beyond latitude: Thermal tolerance and vulnerability of a broadly distributed salmonid across a habitat temperature gradient
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Data and source code for: Recent adaptation in a threatened salmonid revealed by museum genomics
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Data and code from: Seasonal timing of ecosystem linkage mediates life-history variation in a salmonid fish population
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Individual variation in spawning migration timing in a salmonid fish—exploring roles of environmental and social cues
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Species-informative GT-seq markers for Columbia River salmonid fishes: Genotypic data and computing resources
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Data and code – Effects of climate on salmonid productivity: A global meta-analysis across freshwater ecosystems
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The bite force-gape relationship as an avenue of biomechanical adaptation to trophic niche in two salmonid fishes
<p>All skeletal muscles produce their largest forces at a single optimal length, losing force when stretched or shortened. In vertebrate feeding systems, this fundamental force-length relationship translates to variation in bite force across gape, which affects the food types that can be eaten effectively. We measured the bite force-gape curves of two sympatric species: king salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</em>) and pink salmon (<em>O. gorbuscha</em>). Cranial anatomical measurements are not significantly different between species, however, peak bite forces are produced at significantly different gapes. Maximum bite force is achieved at 67% of maximum gape for king salmon and 43% of maximum gape for pink salmon. This may allow king salmon to use greater force when eating large or elusive prey. In contrast, pink salmon do not require high forces at extreme gapes for filter feeding. Our results illustrate that the bite force-gape relationship is an important ecophysiological axis of variation.</p>
Captive-bred populations of a partially migratory salmonid fish are unlikely to maintain migratory polymorphism in natural habitats
Supplementation of wild populations with captive-bred individuals is often ineffective for boosting long-term productivity of wild populations. On the other hand, it remains unknown whether supplementation can act to maintain life-history variation in natural habitats, which is also important for the long-term persistence of populations and species. Partial migration, in which both migratory and resident individuals are maintained in a population, is commonly found across animal taxa. However, human-induced habitat fragmentation continues to cause rapid decline in a migratory phenotype among many natural populations. By using field and hatchery experiments, we here demonstrated that while migrants and residents could be maintained in captive environments, few fish became migrants in natural streams in red-spotted masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae. Released captive-bred fish rarely reached the threshold body size necessary to become migrants in natural streams, presumably due to lower growth condition in natural than in captive environments. The decision to migrate is often considered a threshold trait in salmonids and other animal taxa. Our findings highlight the need for supplementation programs to acknowledge environmentally induced changes in life-history decisions for partially migratory species.
Natural toxic impact and thyroid signaling interplay orchestrates riverine adaptive divergence of salmonid fish
<p>Abstract 1. Adaptive radiation in fishes has been actively investigated over the last decades. Along with numerous well-studied cases of lacustrine radiation, some examples of riverine sympatric divergence have been recently discovered. In contrast to the lakes, the riverine conditions do not provide evident stability in the ecological gradients. Consequently, external factors triggering the radiation, as well as developmental mechanisms underpinning it, remain unclear. 2. Herein, we present the comprehensive study of external and internal drivers of the riverine adaptive divergence of the salmonid fish Salvelinus malma. In the Kamchatka River, N-E Asia, this species splits in the reproductively isolated morphs that drastically differ in ecology and morphology: the benthivorous Dolly Varden (DV) and the piscivorous Stone charr (SC). 3. To understand why and how these morphs originated, we performed a series of field and experimental work, including common-garden rearing, comparative ontogenetic, physiological and endocrinological analyses, hormonal "engineering" of phenotypes, and acute toxicological tests. 4. We revealed that the type of spawning ground acts as the main external factor driving the radiation of S. malma. In contrast to DV spawning in the leaf krummholz zone, SC reproduces in the zone of coniferous forest, which litter has a toxic impact on developing fishes. SC enhances resistance to the toxicants via metabolism acceleration provided by the elevated thyroid hormone content. These physiological changes lead to the multiple heterochronies resulting in a specific morphology and SC's expansion into a piscivorous niche. 5. Salvelinus malma represents a notable example of how the thyroid axis contributes to the generation of diverse phenotypic outcomes underlying the riverine sympatric divergence. Our findings, along with the paleoecology data concerning spruce forest distribution during the Pleistocene, provide an opportunity to reconstruct a scenario of S. malma divergence. Taken together, obtained results with the data of the role of thyroid hormones in the ontogeny and diversification of fishes contribute a resource to consider the thyroid axis as a prime director orchestrating the phenotypic plasticity promoting evolutionary diversification under the changing environmental conditions. 06-Jan-2021</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.