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103 results for “seed feeding”
Figs. 1–5. 1 in Ecological Description of Two Seed-Feeding Weevils of the GenusMononychusGermar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) onIris ibericaHoffmann andIris spuriaL. in Northeastern Turkey
Figs. 1–5. 1) Iris iberica; 2) An example of I. iberica habitat under agricultural pressure; 3) Infested seed capsule of I. iberica with oviposition and feeding holes; 4) Larvae of Mononychus schoenherrii feeding in a seed capsule; 5) Young adult of M. schoenherrii newly emergent from a seed capsule.
Top-down cascading effects of seed-feeding beetles and their parasitoids on plants and leaf herbivores
<p><span>When feeding on a plant, herbivorous insects alter the quality of the plant as a food source. This affects other organisms interacting with the same plant. These so-called 'plant-mediated interactions' can be altered by parasitoids that attack the herbivores. So far, this research area has mainly focused on interactions at the leaf level, and very little is known about plant-mediated interactions via seeds. </span><span>It is still poorly understood if seeds that survive insect damage have fewer resources to allocate to plant growth and defence against leaf herbivores, and whether parasitoids that kill seed-feeding insects mitigate such negative effects.</span></p> <p><span>Using seeds of wild lima bean plants (<em>Phaseolus lunatus</em>) we studied the effect of the intensity of infestation by seed beetles (<em>Zabrotes subfasciatus</em>) and their parasitoids (<em>Stenocorse bruchivora</em>) on the following parameters under lab conditions: seed mass and germination, plant growth and defensive compounds (cyanogenic glycosides and flavonoids) and performance of a leaf herbivore species (<em>Spodoptera latifascia</em>). In addition, we performed a field experiment using seeds with or without insect damage to investigate the consequences on plant performance and fitness in the wild.</span></p> <p><span>Seed beetle infestation had an overall negative impact on seed germination. Lab experiments revealed that damaged seeds produced plants with slower growth and reduced concentration of defensive compounds, which increased the performance of the leaf herbivores. Effects of seed-feeding on seed germination and plant growth were attenuated by parasitism, resulting in a net increase of the number of viable offspring. In the field, we observed that seed damage impaired germination, delayed flowering time and increased leaf herbivory.</span></p> <p><span>Our results show that plant-mediated interactions between insect herbivores are not limited to leaf herbivores but extend to seed herbivores. In our study system, parasitoids had no apparent effect on these interactions, despite their strong beneficial effects on germination and plant performance. These findings confirm the long-lasting consequences of indirect plant-mediated interactions in a community-wide ecological context. Furthermore, they contribute to a better understanding of the important but understudied effects of parasitoids on plant fitness.</span></p>
Lophuromys medicaudatus, L. woosnami, and L. luteogaster are in subgenus Kivumys and woosnami species group. Monotypic. Distribution. Endemic to the Albertine Rift, occurring around Lake Kivu in E DR Congo and Rwanda and SW Uganda (Bwindi). Descriptive notes. Head—body 92-112 mm, tail 73-95 mm, ear 15-19 mm, hindfoot 18-23 mm; weight 29-43 g. Similar to other species in subgenus Kivumys, the Western Rift Brush-furred Rat has unspeckled pelage, and tail ¢.85% of head-body length. Dorsum is uniform dark brown-olive, and venter is orange. Females have three pairs of mammae. Habitat. Mountain swamps and mountain forests at elevations of 1850-2500 m. Food and Feeding. The Western Rift Brush-furred Rat is omnivorous; diets contain 30-100% arthropods, mollusks, seeds, and fruits. Breeding. Female Western Rift Brush-furred Rats can have 1-2 embryos. Pregnant females were observed in February, April, and July. Activity patterns. The Western Rift Brush-furred Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The Western Rift Brush-furred Rat has never been found in modified secondary environment and is quite rare. Bibliography. Dieterlen (1976b, 1987 2013g), Kasangaki et al. (2003), Verheyen et al. (1996). in Muridae
Lophuromys medicaudatus, L. woosnami, and L. luteogaster are in subgenus Kivumys and woosnami species group. Monotypic. Distribution. Endemic to the Albertine Rift, occurring around Lake Kivu in E DR Congo and Rwanda and SW Uganda (Bwindi). Descriptive notes. Head—body 92-112 mm, tail 73-95 mm, ear 15-19 mm, hindfoot 18-23 mm; weight 29-43 g. Similar to other species in subgenus Kivumys, the Western Rift Brush-furred Rat has unspeckled pelage, and tail ¢.85% of head-body length. Dorsum is uniform dark brown-olive, and venter is orange. Females have three pairs of mammae. Habitat. Mountain swamps and mountain forests at elevations of 1850-2500 m. Food and Feeding. The Western Rift Brush-furred Rat is omnivorous; diets contain 30-100% arthropods, mollusks, seeds, and fruits. Breeding. Female Western Rift Brush-furred Rats can have 1-2 embryos. Pregnant females were observed in February, April, and July. Activity patterns. The Western Rift Brush-furred Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The Western Rift Brush-furred Rat has never been found in modified secondary environment and is quite rare. Bibliography. Dieterlen (1976b, 1987 2013g), Kasangaki et al. (2003), Verheyen et al. (1996).
Fig. 3 in Seed dispersal effectiveness: A comparison of four bird species feeding on seeds of invasive Acacia cyclops in South Africa
Fig. 3. Geographic distribution (i.e. green colour) of the studied bird species in Southern Africa, namely, the frugivorous (a) Knysna turaco Tauraco corythaix, and (b) the red-winged starling Onychognathus morio, (c) the granivorous red-eyed dove Streptopelia semitorquata, and (d) the laughing dove S.senegalensis (SABAP 2 http://www.adu.org.za/ accessed 23 June 2015).
Fig. 2 in Seed dispersal effectiveness: A comparison of four bird species feeding on seeds of invasive Acacia cyclops in South Africa
Fig. 2. Seed dispersal effectiveness (i.e. a product of germination rates (quality) and average adult body mass as proxy for seed load (quantity) for different bird species that ingested seeds of Acacia cyclops: the frugivorous Knysna turaco Tauraco corythaix, and the red-winged starling Onychognathus morio, the granivorous red-eyed dove Streptopelia semitorquata, and the laughing dove S. senegalensis. Different letters above the bars show statistically significant difference. Error bars show standard error of mean.
Fig. 1 in Seed dispersal effectiveness: A comparison of four bird species feeding on seeds of invasive Acacia cyclops in South Africa
Fig. 1. Seed dispersal quality (i.e. mean germination rates % ± SE) for untreated (experimental control) and gut-passed Acacia cyclops seeds through different bird species:the frugivorous Knysna turaco Tauraco corythaix, and the red-winged starling Onychognathus morio, the granivorous red-eyed dove Streptopelia semitorquata, and the laughing dove S. senegalensis. Different letters above the bars show statistically significant difference. Error bars show standard error of mean.
FIGS 301 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 301±305. A. humeralis female terminalia: (301) tergite 7, dorsal; (302) tergite 8, dorsal; (302) spiculum ventrale, dorsal; (304) genitalia, lateral; (305) hemisternites of ovipositor, dorsal. Scale bars 5 0.5 mm; (301± 304) to same scale; (305) larger scale.
FIGS 288 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 288± 292. A. toyi female terminalia: (288) tergite 7, dorsal; (289) tergite 8, dorsal; (290) spiculum ventrale, dorsal; (291) genitalia, lateral; (292) hemisternites of ovipositor, dorsal. Scale: (288 ±289) to same scale, scale bar 5 0.5 mm; (290±291) scale bar 5 0.5 mm; (292) scale bar 5 0.1 mm.
FIGS 274 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 274± 279. A. ramezei female terminalia: (274) tergite 7, dorsal; (275) tergite 8, dorsal; (276) spiculum ventrale, dorsal; (277) genitalia, lateral; (278) spermatheca with gland fully expanded; (279) hemisternites of ovipositor, dorsal. Scale: (274±276) to same scale, scale bar 5 0.5 mm; (277±279) to same scale, scale bar 5 0.5 mm; (279) scale bar 5 0.1 mm.
FIGS 411 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 411± 418. A. caviventris male terminalia: (411) tergite 7, dorsal; (412) tergum 8 and sternum 8, ventral; (413) spiculum gastrale, dorsal; (414) tegmen, dorsal; (415) tegmen, lateral; (416) aedeagus, dorsal; (417) aedeagal apex, apical view, the apex of the aedeagus being at the top of the ®gure, the dorsal surface of the aedeagus (ostiolar sclerites) at the bottom; (418) aedeagus, lateral. Scale bars 5 0.5 mm; (411±412) to same scale; (413±418) to same scale.
FIGS 293 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 293±300. A. humeralis male terminalia: (293) tergite 7, dorsal; (294) tergum 8 and sternum 8, ventral; (295) spiculum gastrale, dorsal; (296) tegmen, dorsal; (297) tegmen, lateral; (298) aedeagus, dorsal; (299) aedeagal apex, dorsal; (300) aedeagus, lateral. Scale bars 5 0.5 mm; (293±294) to same scale; (295±300) to same scale.
FIG 266. A. ramezei metathorax lateral. Scale bar 5 0.5 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIG 266. A. ramezei metathorax lateral. Scale bar 5 0.5 mm. Figs 267±273. A. ramezei male terminalia: (267) tergite 7, dorsal; (268) tergum 8 and sternum
FIGS 260 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 260± 265. A. curranae female terminalia: (260) tergite 7, dorsal; (261) tergite 8, dorsal; (262) spiculum ventrale, dorsal; (263) genitalia, lateral; (264) spermatheca with gland fully expanded; (265) hemisternites of ovipositor, dorsal, showing membranous ovipositor sheath. Scale bars 5 0.5 mm; (260 ±262) to same scale; (263±264) same scale; (265) larger scale.
FIGS 246 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 246± 251. A. themus male terminalia: (246), tergite 7, dorsal; (247) tegmen, dorsal; (248) tegmen, lateral; (249) aedeagus, dorsal; (250) aedeagal apex, dorsal; (251) aedeagus, lateral. Scale bars 5 0.5 mm; (247±251) to same scale; (246) smaller scale.
FIGS 234 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 234± 240. A. hoplomachus male terminalia: (234) tergite 7, dorsal; (235) spiculum gastrale, dorsal; (236) tegmen, dorsal; (237) tegmen, lateral; (238) aedeagus, dorsal; (239) aedeagal apex, dorsal; (240) aedeagus, lateral. Scale bars 5 0.5 mm; (235±240) to same scale; (234) smaller scale.
FIGS 221 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 221±228. A. crassus male terminalia: (221) tergite 7, dorsal; (222) tergum 8 and sternum 8, ventral; (223) spiculum gastrale, dorsal; (224) tegmen, dorsal; (225) tegmen, lateral; (226) aedeagus, dorsal; (227) aedeagal apex, dorsal; (228) aedeagus, lateral. Scale bars 5 0.5 mm; (222±223) to same scale; (224±228) to same scale.
FIGS 1 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 1±2. Alcidodes spp. fore femoral tooth, with terms and dimensions used in this paper: (1) Alcidodes crassus group; (2) Alcidodes dipterocarpi group. Key: clÐcentral lobe; dlÐdistal lobe; dmÐdistal margin; fÐfemur; hÐheight of central lobe; lÐlength of tooth; lpÐlength of proximal margin; mpÐmeeting point of proximal and central lobes; plÐproximal lobe; pmÐproximal margin; tÐtibia; wfÐwidth of femur distal to tooth (see key couplets 2, 12, 15).
FIGS 280 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 280± 287. A. toyi male terminalia: (280), tergite 7, dorsal; (281) tergum 8 and sternum 8, ventral; (282) spiculum gastrale, dorsal; (283) tegmen, dorsal; (284) tegmen, lateral; (285) aedeagus, dorsal; (286) aedeagal apex, dorsal; (287) aedeagus, lateral. Scale bars 5 0.5 mm; (282±287) to same scale; (280, 281) separate scales.
FIGS 419 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 419± 424. A. caviventris female terminalia: (419) tergite 7, dorsal; (420) tergite 8, dorsal; (421) spiculum ventrale, dorsal; (422) genitalia, lateral; (423) hemisternites of ovipositor, dorsal; (424) spermatheca. Scale: (419±420, 422) to same scale, scale bar 5 0.5 mm; (421, 423) to same scale, scale bar 5 0.5 mm; (424) scale bar 5 0.1 mm.
FIGS 398 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 398± 405. A. shoreaphilus male terminalia: (398) tergite 7, dorsal; (399) tergum 8 and sternum 8, ventral; (400) spiculum gastrale, dorsal; (401) tegmen, dorsal; (402) tegmen, lateral; (403) aedeagus, dorsal; (404) aedeagal apex, apical view, setae omitted, the apex of the aedeagus being at the top of the ®gure, the dorsal surface of the aedeagus (ostiolar sclerites) at the bottom; (405) aedeagus, lateral. Scale bars 5 0.5 mm; (398±399) to same scale; (400±405) to same scale.
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