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37 results for “soil fractions”
Phosphorus Fractions in Grassland and Shrubland Soils at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1989)
This study examined concentrations of organic and inorganic phosphorus in surface soils of a Bouteloua gracilis-Bouteloua eriopoda grassland and a Larrea tridentata shrubland in the northern Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico, USA. In this desert, where grassland vegetation has a uniform spatial distribution and individual shrubs have a patchy distribution, vegetation strongly influences the locations and concentrations of soil nutrients. Most studies of soil phosphorus (P) fractions in desert soils have focused on inorganic P fractions and have demonstrated the importance of geochemical controls on soil P cycling. This study addressed whether organic phosphorus, determined by the presence of different vegetation types, also contributes to soil P cycling. Within soils of similar age, topography, parent material, and climatic regime, samples were collected under and between vegetation and analyzed for P fractions following a modified sequential fractionation scheme.
Data for: Methodological choices in size and density fractionation of soil carbon reserves – A case study on wood fiber sludge amended soils
<p>A myriad of methods is currently being applied in soil carbon research encompassing major variation in the basic principles and minor variation in details. The most proper method is dependent on the research question and soil type, wherefore a consensus will likely never be reached, and it is difficult to label any method inappropriate. Both the fundamental and the subtle choices in methodology affect the results, wherefore increasing the method-related understanding of soil, agricultural and environmental scientists is of utmost importance. In scientific literature, methods are often not thoroughly presented, let alone reasoned. With this data, we discuss methodological choices in soil carbon fractionation. In addition, our case study follows the effects of pulp mill sludge amendments on soil carbon in a Luvic Stagnosol and Dystric Arenosol. Organic materials are being applied to soil to increase productivity and soil carbon storage. Our results show the difficulties of accumulating carbon in the stable, mineral associated pool, when the carbon content is initially relatively high, and the sorption capacity of the mineral phase already largely occupied. </p>
Data for: Cover crop functional types differentially alter the content and composition of soil organic carbon in particulate and mineral-associated fractions
<p>Cover crops (CCs) can increase soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration by providing additional OC residues, recruiting beneficial soil microbiota, and improving soil aggregation and structure. The various CC species that belong to distinct plant functional types (PFTs) may differentially impact SOC formation and stabilization. Biogeochemical theory suggests that selection of PFTs with distinct litter quality (C:N ratio) should influence the pathways and magnitude of SOC sequestration. Yet, we lack knowledge on the effect of CCs from different PFTs on the quantity and composition of physiochemical pools of SOC. We sampled soils under monocultures of three CC PFTs (legume [crimson clover]; grass [triticale]; and brassica [canola]) and a mixture of these three species, from a long-term CC experiment in Pennsylvania, USA. We measured C content in bulk soil and C content and composition in contrasting physical fractions: particulate organic matter, POM; and mineral-associated organic matter, MAOM. The bulk SOC content was higher in all CC treatments compared to the fallow. Compared to the legume, monocultures of grass and brassica with lower litter quality (wider C:N) had higher proportion of plant-derived C in POM, indicating selective preservation of complex structural plant compounds. In contrast, soils under legumes had greater accumulation of microbial-derived C in MAOM. Our results for the first time, revealed that the mixture contributed to a higher concentration of plant-derived compounds in POM relative to the legume, and a greater accumulation of microbial-derived C in MAOM compared to monocultures of grass and brassica. Mixtures with all three PFTs can thus increase the short- and long-term SOC persistence balancing the contrasting effects on the chemistries in POM and MAOM imposed by monoculture CC PFTs. Thus, despite different cumulative C inputs in CC treatments from different PFTs, the total SOC stocks did not vary between CC PFTs, rather PFTs impacted whether C accumulated in POM or MAOM fractions. This highlights that CCs of different PFTs may shift the dominant SOC formation pathways (POM vs. MAOM), subsequently impacting short- and long-term SOC stabilization and stocks. Our work provides a strong applied field test of biogeochemical theory linking litter quality to pathways of C accrual in soil.</p>
Data from: Resprouter fraction in Cape Restionaceae assemblages varies with climate and soil type
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Data for: Cover crop functional types differentially alter the content and composition of soil organic carbon in particulate and mineral-associated fractions
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Global sand, silt, and clay fractions of surface soils and derived drying time (min)
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Reactive oxygen species alter chemical composition and adsorptive fractionation of soil-derived organic matter
This is the data archive for the corresponding publication with the same title (doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114805). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), formed during redox fluctuations in iron-rich soils, have been known to stimulate lignin degradation, although not much is known about how they alter soil organic matter (SOM) composition and interaction with mineral surfaces. We conducted a laboratory experiment to see how ROS altered SOM composition and adsorptive fractionation onto Fe-mineral surfaces. We reacted water extracts of SOM with ·OH, produced by the Fenton reaction, and then conducted a sorption experiment of the extracts with goethite to analyze the amount and quality of SOM adsorbed. The Fenton reaction preferentially consumed low-O, mostly aromatic molecules, and new high-O molecules were detected post-Fenton, nearly half of which were carbohydrate-like. Although the amount of C adsorbed did not change after oxidation, the post-Fenton adsorbed molecules were more oxidized. Pre-Fenton adsorption was dominated by aromatic molecules (90%), but post-Fenton, the adsorbed molecules were 75% aromatic and 25% carbohydrate-like. We show that the ·OH radical oxidized SOM and shifted patterns of adsorption to a more oxidized pool. Because adsorption to minerals is thought to stabilize SOM, our results suggest that ROS may alter the availability and stabilization patterns of SOM
Light and heavy soil fraction total N and delta 15N:BioCON : Biodiversity, Elevated CO2, and N Enrichment
BioCON (Biodiversity, CO2, and Nitrogen) is an ecological experiment started in 1997 at the University of Minnesota's Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve. BioCON's goal is to explore the ways in which plant communities will respond to three environmental changes that are known to be occurring on a global scale: increasing nitrogen deposition, increasing atmospheric CO2, and decreasing biodiversity. Why Biodiversity, CO2, and Nitrogen? While there are many uncertainties in global change biology, there are also some well documented facts. Some of these are: 1. The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is rising. Since the industrial revolution, the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has increased from approximately 275 parts per million (ppm) to about 378 ppm today. This has been largely the result of fossil fuel burning. It is expected that CO2 levels will continue to rise, and that by the year 2050 these levels will be approximately 550 ppm. CO2 is the raw material for photosynthesis and is known to affect plant growth and development. 2. The amount of nitrogen moving through terrestrial ecosystems has increased in the recent past. While natural "background" levels of nitrogen fixation have remained constant, human additions to the system through fertilizer production and fossil fuel use have increased dramatically. Nitrogen is a key nutrient for plant growth and plays a critical role in plant community structure and composition in many environments. 3. Biodiversity levels are falling. While the research and data are not as complete as they are for CO2 and nitrogen, data indicate that the number of species globally, is being reduced. Perhaps more important for ecosystem function, diversity levels on local to regional scales have fallen due to land use change, biotic invasion and many other drivers. While much is known about how each of these factors affects ecosystem functioning, many questions remain. There is also little data on how these issues affe
Patterns and drivers of soil organic carbon fractions and persistence in coastal wetlands in China
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Data from: Early accumulation of active fraction soil carbon in newly established cellulosic biofuel systems
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Stocks of Surface Soil Organic Carbon Fractions, Great Plains Region, USA, 2007-2010
This dataset provides estimates of total organic soil carbon (SOC), pyrogenic (PyC), particulate (POC), and other organic soil carbon (OOC) fractions in 473 surface layer soil samples collected from stratified-sampling locations in Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, and Wyoming, USA. Terrain, climate, soil, fire, and land cover data used to predict and map SOC, PyC, POC, and OOC at 1 km resolution throughout the study region are also included. The estimates were derived using a best random forest regression model and cover the period 2007-05-01 to 2010-10-01.
LBA-ECO ND-08 Soil Respiration, Soil Fractions, Carbon and Nitrogen, Para, Brazil
This data set provides (1) carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentration measurements of two soil aggregate fractions (250-2000 micon, small macro-aggregates (SMAG)), and (53-250 micron (micro-aggregates (mico)) and (2) in situ soil respiration measurements (January-March 2003) on sand and clay soils from a Eucalyptus plantation and an adjacent primary forest. The soils for fractionation were sampled in July 2001 from 0-20 cm and 30-50 cm depths. The research site was on the property of Jari Celulose, Monte Dourado, Para, Brazil. There are two files with this data set in comma-delimited (.csv) format.
A Global Database of Soil Phosphorus Compiled from Studies Using Hedley Fractionation
This data set provides concentrations of soil phosphorus (P) compiled from the peer-reviewed literature that cited the Hedley fractionation method (Hedley and Stewart, 1982). This database contains estimates of different forms of naturally occurring soil phosphorus, including labile inorganic P, organic P, occluded P, secondary mineral P, apatite P, and total P, based on the analyses of the various Hedley soil fractions.The recent literature survey (Yang and Post, 2011) was restricted to studies of natural, unfertilized, and uncultivated soils since 1995. Ninety measurements of soil P fractions were identified. These were added to the 88 values from soils in natural ecosystems that Cross and Schlesinger (1995) had compiled. Cross and Schlesinger provided a comprehensive survey on Hedley P data prior to 1995. Measurement data are provided for studies published from 1985 through 2010. In addition to the Hedley P fraction measurement data Yang and Post (2011) also compiled information on soil order, soil pH, organic carbon and nitrogen content, as well as the geographic location (longitude and latitude) of the measurement sites.
The Impact of Soil Tension on Isotope Fractionation, Transport, and Spatial-Temporal Origin of Root Water Uptake
<p>This respository includes the executables and HYDRUS-1D projects to run the HYDURS-1D isotope transport model.</p> <p>Software Description: The software is located in file folder "Executables". The exectuable in the "Non_Frac and CG_Frac" can be used to produce the modeling results for the Non_Frac and CG_Frac scenarios in this study. The exectuable in the "Non_Frac and TC_Frac" can be used to obtain the modeling results for the Non_Frac and TC_Frac scenarios in this study.</p> <p>How to run it: To use the code, you can simply replace the h1d_calc.exe file in the HYDRUS installation folder.</p> <p>Data: The corresponding HYDRUS projects include "lb01_l_no_frac_h", "lb01_l_no_frac_o", "lb01_l_cg_frac_h", "lb01_l_cg_frac_o", "lb01_l_TC_frac_h", "lb01_l_TC_frac_o" represent the Non_Frac scenario for 2H, Non_Frac scenario for 18O, CG_Frac scenario for 2H, CG_Frac scenario for 18O, TC_Frac scenario for 2H, TC_Frac scenario for 18O, respectively.</p>
A global estimate of monthly vegetation and soil fractions from spatio-temporally adaptive spectral mixture analysis during 2001-2022
<p>This dataset is a global estimate of monthly vegetation and soil fractions using spatio-temporally adaptive spectral mixture analysis from 2001-2011. The file is a compressed month-by-month GeoTIFF data for each year, according to the grid of longitude 60° and Latitude 50°. Since the dataset for each year includes 216 files, named as “SMA_year_(month-1)_gridid.tif”, like “SMA_2001_0_0.tif”.</p> <p>The dataset from 2012-2022 can be found in another Zenodo (10.5281/zenodo.8331843)</p> <p>The dataset can be also exported from GEE by our code or achieved by request from authors.</p> <p>Here is a schematic of global girds and id</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>65N</strong></td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td>8</td> <td>11</td> <td>14</td> <td>17</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>15N</strong></td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>7</td> <td>10</td> <td>13</td> <td>16</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>35S</strong></td> <td>0</td> <td>3</td> <td>6</td> <td>9</td> <td>12</td> <td>15</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><strong>150W</strong></td> <td><strong>90W</strong></td> <td><strong>30W</strong></td> <td><strong>30E</strong></td> <td><strong>90E</strong></td> <td><strong>150E</strong></td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
A global estimate of monthly vegetation and soil fractions from spatio-temporally adaptive spectral mixture analysis during 2012-2022
<p>This dataset is another global estimate of monthly vegetation and soil fractions using spatio-temporally adaptive spectral mixture analysis from 2012-2022. The file is a compressed month-by-month GeoTIFF data for each year, according to the grid of longitude 60° and Latitude 50°. Since the dataset for each year includes 216 files, named as“SMA_year_(month-1)_gridid.tif”, like“SMA_2012_0_0.tif”.</p> <p>The dataset from 2001-2011 can be found in another Zenodo (10.5281/zenodo.8323292)</p> <p>The dataset can be also exported from GEE by our code or achieved by request from authors.</p> <p>Here is a schematic of global girds and id</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>65N</strong></td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td>8</td> <td>11</td> <td>14</td> <td>17</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>15N</strong></td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>7</td> <td>10</td> <td>13</td> <td>16</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>35S</strong></td> <td>0</td> <td>3</td> <td>6</td> <td>9</td> <td>12</td> <td>15</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><strong>150W</strong></td> <td><strong>90W</strong></td> <td><strong>30W</strong></td> <td><strong>30E</strong></td> <td><strong>90E</strong></td> <td><strong>150E</strong></td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Biochar amendment to cattle slurry reduces NH3 emissions during storage without risk of higher NH3 emissions after soil application of the solid fraction
<p><strong>Excel files:</strong> </p> <p>- Gas experiment phase 1 and phase 2 + calculation of total emissions</p> <p>- Separation of slurry into solid and liquid fractions</p> <p>- Properties of solid and liquid fractions</p> <p>- Gas experiment soil addition of solid fractions</p> <p>- Soil properties before and after soil application experiment</p> <p>- Calculation of total N losses (gaseous losses + N mineralization)</p> <p><strong>R-scripts:</strong></p> <p>- Gas measurements phase 1 and 2 and soil application experiment => raw data further processed in excel files</p> <p>- Statistics on characteristics and separation efficiency of solid and liquid fraction</p> <p>- Digestaat2022_Significanties: statistics on effect of biochar/application method on emissions and digestate properties</p>
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