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49 results for “soil invertebrates”
FIG. 4 in Response of American Toads and Their Invertebrate Prey to Experimentally Elevated Soil pH
FIG. 4. Invertebrate abundances collected on day 0 (A) and day 91 (B) from subplots with three different enclosure treatments (NE ¼ No Enclosures: no enclosures present; NT ¼ No Toads: enclosures present and no toads; T ¼ Toads: enclosures present with toads). Data are mean 6 1 s.e. For each invertebrate grouping where the overall model was significant, enclosure types with the same letter were not different at P, 0.05 from post hoc tests.
FIG. 3 in Response of American Toads and Their Invertebrate Prey to Experimentally Elevated Soil pH
FIG. 3. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination of invertebrate community composition on day 0 (A) and day 91 (B). Soil pH treatment group scores and standard errors are represented by symbol type and line type (sites with elevated soil pH—solid shapes, solid line; sites with acidified soils—open shapes, dashed line). Forests are represented by symbol shape (CWRU Farm—circle; Schoop Forest— triangle; Pierson Creek Forest—square).
FIG. 2 in Response of American Toads and Their Invertebrate Prey to Experimentally Elevated Soil pH
FIG. 2. American Toad survival (proportion of initial toads located, n ¼ 4 toads per enclosure initially) and body mass over 90 days within enclosures located in forest plots with elevated soil pH (circles and solid line) and forest plots with acidified soils (triangles and dashed line). (A) Proportion of American Toads located in each enclosure within each soil pH treatment after 25, 60, and 90 days. Data are mean per soil pH treatment at each census period 6 1 s.e. (B) American Toad mass in each enclosure within each soil pH treatment at the start of the study and after 25, 60, and 90 days. Mean toad mass was calculated per enclosure at each census period. Data are mean per soil pH treatment at each census period 6 1 s.e.
Dataset for "Insect frass from upcycling vegetable by-products with cereals: effects on the soil properties, plant development and soil invertebrate fitness"
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Data from: The influence of range-wide plant genetic variation on soil invertebrate communities
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Data from: The dominant detritus-feeding invertebrate in arctic peat soils derives its essential amino acids from gut symbionts
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Invertebrate Species Identified in Leaf Litter and Litter Soil Interface at the Six Experimental Sites (NWT, CWT, HJA, HFR, LUQ, and BCI)
Patterns of biodiversity, such as the increase toward the tropics and the peaked curve during ecological succession, are fundamental phenomena for ecology. Such patterns have multiple, interacting causes, but temperature emerges as a dominant factor across organisms from microbes to trees and mammals, and across terrestrial, marine, and freshwater environments. However, there is little consensus on the underlying mechanisms, even as global temperatures increase and the need to predict their effects becomes more pressing. The purpose of this project is to generate and test theory for how temperature impacts biodiversity through its effect on biochemical processes and metabolic rate. A combination of standardized surveys in the field and controlled experiments in the field and laboratory measure diversity of three taxa -- trees, invertebrates, and microbes -- and key biogeochemical processes of decomposition in seven forests distributed along a geographic gradient of increasing temperature from cold temperate to warm tropical. Leaf litter invertebrates and soil microbes were sampled in an array of 21 1m2 subplots by the Kaspari Ant Lab at the University of Oklahoma as part of this macrosystems biodiversity and latitude project supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement DEB#1065836.
Data from: Molecular field analysis of trophic relationships in soil-dwelling invertebrates to identify mercury, lead and cadmium transmission through forest ecosystems
Contamination pathways in complex food chains in soil ecosystems can be difficult to elucidate. Molecular analysis of predator gut content can, however, rapidly reveal previously unidentified trophic interactions between invertebrates and thereby uncover pathways of pollutant spread. Here we measured concentrations of the toxic metals lead, cadmium and mercury in carabid beetle predators and their prey. Invertebrates were sampled at one control and four heavy metal polluted sites in order to reveal the impact of diet composition and seasonal variation in prey availability on metal burden in carabids and metal transfer pathways through forest ecosystems. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of carabid diet composition based on PCR analysis of gut contents at the forest community level, rather than in cultivated fields. Extensive screening using group- and species-specific primers revealed that carabids ate primarily earthworms and slugs, as well as smaller numbers of woodlice and springtails. Metal concentrations in carabids correlated with seasonal changes in diet. Mercury accumulated in beetle predators more than in their slug prey. Since earthworms, slugs and carabid beetles are the major prey of many birds and mammals, prey-predator transfer and associated toxicity are major risks at mercury-contaminated sites. Carabids may be useful bioindicators for assessing the impact of pollutants on soil ecosystems, as long as species and seasonal factors are taken into account.
Data from: Aboveground mammal and invertebrate exclusions cause consistent changes in soil food webs of two subalpine grassland types, but mechanisms are system-specific
Ungulates, smaller mammals, and invertebrates can each affect soil biota through their influence on vegetation and soil characteristics. However, direct and indirect effects of the aboveground biota on soil food webs remain to be unraveled. We assessed effects of progressively excluding aboveground large-, medium- and small-sized mammals as well as invertebrates on soil nematode diversity and feeding type abundances in two subalpine grassland types: short- and tall-grass vegetation. We explored pathways that link exclusions of aboveground biota to nematode feeding type abundances via changes in plants, soil environment, soil microbial biomass, and soil nutrients. In both vegetation types, exclusions caused a similar shift toward higher abundance of all nematode feeding types, except plant feeders, lower Shannon diversity, and lower evenness. These effects were strongest when small mammals, or both small mammals and invertebrates were excluded in addition to excluding larger mammals. Exclusions resulted in a changed abiotic soil environment that only affected nematodes in the short-grass vegetation. In each vegetation type, exclusion effects on nematode abundances were mediated by different drivers related to plant quantity and quality. In the short-grass vegetation, not all exclusion effects on omni–carnivorous nematodes were mediated by the abundance of lower trophic level nematodes, suggesting that omni–carnivores also depended on other prey than nematodes. We conclude that small aboveground herbivores have major impacts on the soil food web of subalpine short- and tall-grass ecosystems. Excluding aboveground animals caused similar shifts in soil nematode assemblages in both subalpine vegetation types, however, mechanisms turned out to be system-specific.
Data from: A replicated climate change field experiment reveals rapid evolutionary response in an ecologically important soil invertebrate
Whether species can respond evolutionarily to current climate change is crucial for the persistence of many species. Yet, very few studies have examined genetic responses to climate change in manipulated experiments carried out in natural field conditions. We examined the evolutionary response to climate change in a common annelid worm using a controlled replicated experiment where climatic conditions were manipulated in a natural setting. Analyzing the transcribed genome of 15 local populations, we found that about 12% of the genetic polymorphisms exhibit differences in allele frequencies associated to changes in soil temperature and soil moisture. This shows an evolutionary response to realistic climate change happening over short-time scale, and calls for incorporating evolution into models predicting future response of species to climate change. It also shows that designed climate change experiments coupled with genome sequencing offer great potential to test for the occurrence (or lack) of an evolutionary response.
Figure 4 in Shells of the Roman snail are important microhabitats for soil invertebrates
Figure 4. Indirect signs of shell utilization with (A–C) fruiting bodies and hyphal networks growing inside shells mainly on Gastropoda faeces and (D) large group of 95 Entomobryomorpha Collembola in a single shell.
Figure 2 in Shells of the Roman snail are important microhabitats for soil invertebrates
Figure 2. Principle coordinates analysis ordination based on a Bray-Curtis similarity matrix from square-root transformed counts of indirect signs of shell utilization in eight utilization classes of 618 Roman snail shells (H. pomatia) in autumn (tree ○ & herb ●) and summer (tree Δ and herb ▲). Vectors are superimposed for utilization classes with a multiple correlation coefficient> 0.3. Abbreviations: Ara.Exu – Araneae exuvia, Ara.Web – Araneae silk, For.Nes – Formicidae nest, Gas.Fec – Gastropoda faeces, Iso.Exu – Isopoda exuvia.
Figure 1 in Shells of the Roman snail are important microhabitats for soil invertebrates
Figure 1. Principle coordinates analysis ordination based on a Bray-Curtis similarity matrix from square-root transformed abundances of 34 taxonomic groups that were at least present in 3 out of 24 study plots in shell adopter communities of 618 Roman snail shells (H. pomatia) in autumn (●) and summer (▲). Vectors are superimposed for taxonomic groups with a multiple correlation coefficient> 0.3. Abbreviations: Cepa. – Cepaea sp., Drot – Discus rotundatus, Ento – Entomobryomorpha, Liny – Linyphiidae, Orib – Oribatida, Podu – Poduromorpha, Psca – Porcellio scaber, Symp – Symphypleona.
Figure 3 in Shells of the Roman snail are important microhabitats for soil invertebrates
Figure 3. Indirect signs of shell utilization with (A) Araneae silk remains, (B) Gastropoda faeces, (C) Isopoda faeces and (D) Araneae exuvia.
Figure 1 in Comparison of soil invertebrate communities in organic and conventional production systems in Southern Brazil
Figure 1. Location of sampling sites in Quitandinha county, part of the greater Curitiba metropolitan area, State of Paraná, Brazil.
Figure 2 in Comparison of soil invertebrate communities in organic and conventional production systems in Southern Brazil
Figure 2. Relative abundance of the most representative soil invertebrate groups (> 2 %) and the 'others' group of soil macrofauna (A) and soil mesofauna (B) in four land-use systems (NF = Native forest, OH = organic horticulture, RT = reduced tillage, and CH = conventional horticulture) in Quitandinha, Brazil.
Supplementary material 2 from: Villacorta-Rath C, Lach L, Andrade-Rodriguez N, Burrows D, Gleeson D, Trujillo-González A (2023) Invasive terrestrial invertebrate detection in water and soil using a targeted eDNA approach. NeoBiota 83: 71-89. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.83.98898
Additional qPCR results
Supplementary material 1 from: Villacorta-Rath C, Lach L, Andrade-Rodriguez N, Burrows D, Gleeson D, Trujillo-González A (2023) Invasive terrestrial invertebrate detection in water and soil using a targeted eDNA approach. NeoBiota 83: 71-89. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.83.98898
Invasive terrestrial invertebrate detection in water and soil using a targeted eDNA approach
Data from: A replicated climate change field experiment reveals rapid evolutionary response in an ecologically important soil invertebrate
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Data from: Molecular field analysis of trophic relationships in soil-dwelling invertebrates to identify mercury, lead and cadmium transmission through forest ecosystems
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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