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82 results for “speciational evolution”
Figures 12–17 in Speciation in Darwin's darklings: taxonomy and evolution of Stomion beetles in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Figures 12–17. Scanning electron micrographs of the head and pronotum (18 ¥) with inset of pronotal disc (300¥) and the elytral disc (100¥). Figs 12, 13. S. longicornis; Figs 14, 15. S. helopoides; Figs 16, 17. S. galapagoensis.
Figures 18–23 in Speciation in Darwin's darklings: taxonomy and evolution of Stomion beetles in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Figures 18–23. Scanning electron micrographs of the head and pronotum (18¥), with inset of pronotal disc (300¥) and the elytral disc (100¥). Figs 18, 19. S. punctipennis; Figs 20, 21. S. cribricollis; Figs 22, 23. S. rugosum.
Figures 30–35 in Speciation in Darwin's darklings: taxonomy and evolution of Stomion beetles in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Figures 30–35. Scanning electron micrographs of the head and pronotum (18¥), with inset of pronotal disc (300¥) and the elytral disc (100¥). Figs 30, 31. S. laevigatum; Figs 32, 33. S. linelli linelli; Figs 34, 35. S. linelli leleupi.
Data from: Repeated evolution of reduced visual investment at the onset of ecological speciation in high-altitude <em>Heliconius</em> butterflies
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Data from: Mating environments mediate the evolution of behavioral isolation during ecological speciation
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Competition and geography underlie speciation and morphological evolution in Indo-Australasian monitor lizards
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Data for: Faster evolution of a premating reproductive barrier is not associated with faster speciation rates in New World passerine birds
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Evolution of putative barrier loci at an intermediate stage of speciation with gene flow in campions (Silene)
Understanding the origin of new species is a central goal in evolutionary biology. Diverging lineages often evolve highly heterogeneous patterns of genetic differentiation; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated evolutionary processes governing genetic differentiation between the hybridizing campions <i>Silene dioica</i> (L.) Clairv. and <i>S. latifolia</i> Poiret. Demographic modeling indicated that the two species diverged with gene flow. The best-supported scenario with heterogeneity in both migration rate and effective population size suggested that a small proportion of the loci evolved without gene flow. Differentiation (F<sub>ST</sub>) and sequence divergence (d<sub>XY</sub>) were correlated and both tended to peak in the middle of most linkage groups, consistent with reduced gene flow at highly differentiated loci. Highly differentiated loci further exhibited signatures of selection. In between-species population pairs, isolation by distance was stronger for genomic regions with low between-species differentiation than for highly differentiated regions that may contain barrier loci. Moreover, differentiation landscapes within and between species were only weakly correlated suggesting that linked selection due to shared recombination and gene density landscapes is not the dominant determinant of genetic differentiation in these lineages. Instead, our results suggest that divergent selection shaped the genomic landscape of differentiation between the two <i>Silene </i>species, consistent with predictions for speciation in the face of gene flow.
Data from: A low-latitude species pump: Peripheral isolation, parapatric speciation and mating-system evolution converge in a marine radiation
<p><span>Geologically recent radiation can shed light on speciation processes, but incomplete lineage sorting and introgressive gene flow render accurate evolutionary reconstruction and interpretation challenging. Independently evolving metapopulations of low-dispersal taxa may provide an additional level of phylogeographic information, given sufficiently broad sampling and genome-wide sequencing. Evolution in the marine brown algal genus </span><span>Fucus</span><span> in the south-eastern Atlantic was shaped by Quaternary climate-driven range shifts. Over this timescale, divergence and speciation occurred against a background of expansion-contraction cycles from multiple refugia, together with mating-system shifts from outcrossing (dioecy) to selfing hermaphroditism. We tested the hypothesis that peripheral isolation of range edge (dioecious) </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span> led to parapatric speciation and radiation of hermaphrodite lineages. Species tree methods using 876 single-copy nuclear genes and extensive geographic coverage produced conflicting topologies with respect to geographic clades of </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span>. All methods, however, revealed a new and early diverging hermaphrodite species, </span><span>Fucus macroguiryi</span><span> sp. Nov. Both the multispecies coalescent and polymorphism-aware models (in contrast to concatenation) support sequential paraphyly in </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span> resulting from distinct evolutionary processes. Our results support 1) peripheral isolation of the southern </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span> clade prior to parapatric speciation and radiation of hermaphrodite lineages – a "low latitude species pump". 2) Directional introgressive gene flow into </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span> around the present-day secondary contact zone (sympatric-allopatric boundary) between dioecious/hermaphrodite lineages as hermaphrodites expanded northwards, as supported by concordance analysis and statistical tests of introgression. Species boundaries in the extensive sympatric range are likely maintained by reproductive system (selfing in hermaphrodites) and reinforcement.</span></p>
Genome-wide SNP analysis elucidates the evolution of Prunus takesimensis in Ulleung Island: Genetic consequences of anagenetic speciation
<p>Of two major speciation modes of endemic plants on oceanic islands, cladogenesis and anagenesis, the latter has been recently emphasized as an effective mechanism for increasing plant diversity in isolated, ecologically homogeneous insular setting. As a single flowering cherry occurring on Ulleung Island in East Sea, <i>Prunus takesimensis</i> Nakai has been presumed as derived through anagenetic speciation on the Island. Based on morphological similarities, <i>P. sargentii </i>distributed in adjacent continental areas and islands has been suggested as its purported continental progenitor.<i> </i>However, the overall genetic complexity and resultant non-monophylies of closely related flowering cherries have hindered determining their phylogenetic relationships as well as establishing concrete continental progenitor and insular derivative relationship. Based on extensive sampling of wild flowering cherries including <i>P. takesimensis</i> and<i> P. sargentii</i> from Ulleung Island and its adjacent areas, this study inferred the origin and evolution of <i>P. takesimensis</i> using multiple different molecular markers. As the result of phylogeny and population genetic structure analyses based on SNPs detected by MIG-Seq and complementary cpDNA haplotypes, we could provide the extensive and convincing evidence for (1) the monophyly of<i> P. takesimensis</i>,<i> </i>(2) clear genetic differentiation between <i>P. takesimensis</i> (insular derivative) and <i>P. sargentii</i> (continental progenitor), (3) the geographic origin of <i>P. takesimensis</i> via single introduction from source population of <i>P. sargentii</i> in Korean Peninsula, (4) no significant genetic reduction in anagenetically derived insular species <i>P. takesimsnsis</i> compared to continental progenitor <i>P. sargentii</i>, (5) no strong population genetic structuring or geographical patters in the insular derived species, and (6) Mig-seq method as an effective tool to unravel complex evolutionary history of plant groups.</p>
Evolution of putative barrier loci at an intermediate stage of speciation with gene flow in campions (Silene)
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Data from: A low-latitude species pump: Peripheral isolation, parapatric speciation and mating-system evolution converge in a marine radiation
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Data from: The evolution of gametic compatibility and compatibility groups in the sea urchin Mesocentrotus franciscanus: an avenue for speciation in the sea
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Data from: Parallel genetic evolution and speciation from standing variation
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Supporting data: Phylogenomic analyses re-examine the evolution of reinforcement and hypothesized hybrid speciation in Phlox wildflowers
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Data from: Song evolution, speciation, and vocal learning in passerine birds
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Genome-wide SNP analysis elucidates the evolution of Prunus takesimensis in Ulleung Island: Genetic consequences of anagenetic speciation
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Parallel evolution of phenological isolation across the speciation continuum in serpentine-adapted annual wildflowers
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Data from: Testing gradual and speciational models of evolution in extant taxa: the example of ratites
Ever since Eldredge and Gould proposed their model of punctuated equilibria, evolutionary biologists have debated how often this model is the best description of nature and how important it is compared to the more gradual models of evolution expected from natural selection and the neo-Darwinian paradigm. Recently, Cubo proposed a method to test whether morphological data in extant ratites are more compatible with a gradual or with a speciational model (close to the punctuated equilibrium model). As shown by our simulations, a new method to test the mode of evolution of characters (involving regression of standardized contrasts on their expected standard deviation) is easier to implement and more powerful than the previously proposed method, but the Mesquite module CoMET (aimed at investigating evolutionary models using comparative data) performs better still. Uncertainties in branch length estimates are probably the largest source of potential error. Cubo hypothesized that heterochronic mechanisms may underlie morphological changes in bone shape during the evolution of ratites. He predicted that the outcome of these changes may be consistent with a speciational model of character evolution because heterochronic changes can be instantaneous in terms of geological time. Analysis of a more extensive dataset confirms his prediction despite branch length uncertainties: evolution in ratites has been mostly speciational for shape-related characters. However, it has been mostly gradual for size-related ones.
Data from: Evolution of a hotspot genus: geographic variation in speciation and extinction rates in Banksia (Proteaceae)
Background: Hotspots of angiosperm species richness and endemism in Mediterranean-climate regions are among the most striking, but least well-understood, geographic patterns of biodiversity. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of rapid diversification within hotspots, compared to non-hotspot regions, as a major contributor to these patterns. We constructed the first near-complete phylogeny of Banksia (Proteaceae) to test whether diversification rates have differed between lineages confined to the southwest Australian hotspot and those found throughout southern, eastern and northern Australia. We then tested for variation in diversification rates among the bioclimatic zones within the southwest hotspot itself. Results: Although Banksia species richness in the southwest is ten times that of the rest of the continent, we find little evidence for more rapid diversification in the southwest, although this result is inconclusive. However, we find firmer support for substantial rate variation within the southwest hotspot, with more rapid diversification in the semi-arid heaths and shrublands, compared to the high-rainfall forests. Most of the Banksia diversity of the southwest appears to be generated in the heaths and shrublands, with a high migration rate out of this zone boosting diversity of the adjacent forest zone. Conclusions: The geographic pattern of diversification in Banksia appears more complex than can be characterized by a simple hotspot vs. non-hotspot comparison, but in general, these findings contrast with the view that the high diversity of Mediterranean hotspots is underpinned by rapid radiations. Steady accumulation of species at unexceptional rates, but over long periods of time, may also have contributed substantially to the great botanical richness of these regions.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.