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FIGURE 15 in The circumscription of the generic concept of Aximopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) with the description of seven new species

FIGURE 15. Successive approximations reweighting, strict consensus of 9 trees (CI = 0.59, RI = 0.89).

FIGURES 2–9. 2 in The circumscription of the generic concept of Aximopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) with the description of seven new species

FIGURES 2–9. 2. Axima zabriskiei, female gaster, lateral. 3. Aximopsis lanceolepis, female gaster, lateral. 4. Ax. zabriskiei female, forewing. 5. Aximopsis female, forewing. 6. Aplatoides diabolus, female head, lateral. 7–8. Ax. zabriskiei, female: 7. ventrolateral prepectus, 8. prepectus, lateral. 9. A. vogti, female, ventrolateral prepectus.

FIGURES 10–13, 16–19. 10 in The circumscription of the generic concept of Aximopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) with the description of seven new species

FIGURES 10–13, 16–19. 10. Ap. diabolus, female, anterodorsal mesosoma. 11–12. Aximopsis vogti, female: 11. propodeum, dorsal, 12. propodeum, posterior, 13. petiole, anteroventral (male). 16. Heimbra opaca, female, clypeus. 17. Macrorileya oecanthi, female, head, anterior. 18. A. vogti, female, head, anterior. 19. M. oecanthi, female, head, posterior.

FIGURE 14 in The circumscription of the generic concept of Aximopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) with the description of seven new species

FIGURE 14. Strict consensus of 30 tree islands produced with Nixon Ratchet implemented in Winclada (steps = 88, CI = 0.55, RI = 0.87). The same consensus tree was obtained with a PAUP* analysis that resulted in 45 trees representing further rearrangements of the same tree islands. Open circles and closed circles represent homoplastic and synapomorphic support, respectively. Bootstrap/Bremer nodal support values subtend nodes. An * appears at nodes with <50 percent bootstrap support.

opennotspecifiedNov 2023View details →

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Helietta (Pilocarpinae, Zanthoxyloideae, Rutaceae) from Colombia and notes on the morphology and circumscription of H. glaziovii

FIGURE 3. Photographs of Helietta magna: A. Tree top view from drone, B. Fruiting branchlet in vivo, C. Samarium in vivo, D. Leaflets apex in dried specimen, E. Distal portion of inflorescence in dried specimen, F. Samarium in dried specimen. (A from D. Sanín et al. 8005, B–D, F from Y. Londoño et al. 287, E from the holotype. Composed by Ana Cristina Pareja, HUA illustrator. A by Miguel Uribe, B–F by Y. Londoño).

opennotspecifiedNov 2023View details →

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Helietta (Pilocarpinae, Zanthoxyloideae, Rutaceae) from Colombia and notes on the morphology and circumscription of H. glaziovii

FIGURE 2. Illustration of Helietta magna: A. Distal portion of flowering branch, B. Apex of leaflet with involute margin over the acumen, C. Flower, upper view, showing the ovary puberulous apically D. Flower without two petals and one sepal, lateral view, showing the ovary puberulous apically E. Distal portion of stamen, adaxial and abaxial view, F. Mericarp. (A from the isotype at FMB, B–E from the holotype, F from Y. Londoño et al. 287. Illustration by Diego Armando Zapata, HUA illustrator).

Fig. 4 in Big trees of small baskets: phylogeny of the Australian genus Spyridium (Rhamnaceae: Pomaderreae), focusing on biogeographic patterns and species circumscriptions

Fig. 4. Distributions of samples of S. phylicoides, S. sp. Red Dots (J.Kellermann 689) and S. sp. Dwarf (J.Kellermann 579) used in this study. For S. phylicoides, samples are coloured by the clades in which they are placed in the nrDNA tree (Fig. 2), with the distribution of the species, on the basis of the records in the Atlas of Living Australia (2020), also shown (grey dots).

Fig. 2 in Big trees of small baskets: phylogeny of the Australian genus Spyridium (Rhamnaceae: Pomaderreae), focusing on biogeographic patterns and species circumscriptions

Fig. 2. Nuclear rDNA (nrDNA) phylogeny of Spyridium, based on Bayesian inference (BI) analysis. Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFBS) values are shown at nodes when <95%; values ≥95% are not shown. Where one value for a node is supported (≥95%) and the other for that node is unsupported (<95%), only the unsupported value is shown. Where a hyphen (-) is provided at a node, this node varied in resolution in the ML tree and was therefore not transferable to the BI phylogeny. Colour coding of clades and taxa in the bar to the right of the tree matches that used on maps in Fig. 3, 4. Labels are given for some clades (A–J) and subclades (A1–J3) discussed in text. Species polyphyletic across clades are highlighted in red text. Monophyletic taxa with supported nodes are highlighted in green text. Note: S. eriocephalum is polyphyletic, but var. eriocephalum is monophyletic (and therefore coloured half red and half green). Dashed lines associated with S. tricolor, S. glaucum, S. phlebophyllum and S. subochreatum E.D.Adams 21/0907 are provided as reference points connecting taxa to the sidebar.

Fig. 1 in Big trees of small baskets: phylogeny of the Australian genus Spyridium (Rhamnaceae: Pomaderreae), focusing on biogeographic patterns and species circumscriptions

Fig. 1. Distribution of Spyridium in Australia. Dots represent filtered records accessed from Atlas of Living Australia (2020). States and territories are also high-lighted as follows: WA, Western Australia; SA, South Australia; NT, Northern Territory; Qld, Queensland; NSW, New South Wales; ACT, Australian Capital Territory; Vic., Victoria and Tas., Tasmania.

Fig. 5 in Big trees of small baskets: phylogeny of the Australian genus Spyridium (Rhamnaceae: Pomaderreae), focusing on biogeographic patterns and species circumscriptions

Fig. 5. Chloroplast genome (cpDNA) phylogeny of Spyridium, based on Bayesian inference (BI) analysis. Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) <0.95 and ultrafast bootstrap (UFBS) values are shown at nodes when <95%; values ≥95% are not shown. Where one value for a node is supported (≥95%) and the other for that node is unsupported (<95%), only the unsupported value is shown. Where a hyphen (-) is provided at a node, this node varied in resolution in the ML tree and was therefore not transferable to the BI phylogeny. Coloured bar to the right of the tree indicates placement of samples in the nrDNA phylogeny (i.e. matching the coloured bar on Fig. 2). Labels are given for some clades (K–Q) and subclades (M1–Q2) discussed in text. Species polyphyletic across clades are highlighted in red text. Monophyletic taxa with>0.95 PP support are highlighted in green. Dashed lines associated with S. tricolor, S. glaucum, S. phlebophyllum and S. subochreatum E.D.Adams 21/0907 are provided as reference points connecting taxa to the sidebar.

Fig. 3 in Big trees of small baskets: phylogeny of the Australian genus Spyridium (Rhamnaceae: Pomaderreae), focusing on biogeographic patterns and species circumscriptions

Fig. 3. Distributions of nrDNA clades of Spyridium, colour-coded to match groups shown in Fig. 2. Clade distributions are based on those of included species, using records in the Atlas of Living Australia (2020). Distributions of S. phylicoides, S. sp. Dwarf (J.Kellermann 579) and S. sp. Red Dots (J.Kellermann 689) have been omitted from these maps and are provided in Fig. 4. (a) Distribution of Clade A1 (mid blue), Clade A2 (royal blue), S. tricolor (light blue) and S. glaucum (dark blue). The location of sample CC545 (S. tricolor) is highlighted. (b) Distribution of Clade C. The general location of the southern transition zone is also highlighted. (c) Distribution of Clade D. (d) Distribution of Clade E. (e) Distribution of S. phlebophyllum. (f) Distribution of S. eriocephalum var. eriocephalum from Clade F. (g) Distribution of Clade G. The location of sample CC566 (S. sp. Wollar) is highlighted. (h) Distribution of Clade H. (i) Distribution of Clade I, excluding S. phylicoides and S. sp. Dwarf (J.Kellermann 579). (j) Distribution of Clade J1 (bright pink), Clade J2 (deep pink) and Clade J3 (light pink). The location of sample E.D.Adams 21/0907 (S. subochreatum) is highlighted (dark grey). Spyridium phylicoides and S. sp. Red Dots (J.Kellermann 689) have been excluded from this map.

opennotspecifiedApr 2008View details →

Appendix. The status of global taxonomic checklist preparation for flowering plant families (based on Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II but modified to reflect circumscriptions of existing checklists). If a checklist is complete and available on the Internet then the URL is also given. The species numbers (sp. no.) given are either based on actual working lists (WL) where they exist or are based on Stevens (2006) if no WL is available. Five categories are used to describe the status of a particular working list: 1, checklist complete and accessible via the Internet now; 2, checklist available on Internet by end of 2007 (Asteraceae 2010); 3, checklist complete but not online; 4, some online lists giving partial coverage may be available; 5, no global checklist being compiled so far as known. in Towards Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation: A working list of all known plant species - Progress and prospects

Appendix. The status of global taxonomic checklist preparation for flowering plant families (based on Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II but modified to reflect circumscriptions of existing checklists). If a checklist is complete and available on the Internet then the URL is also given. The species numbers (sp. no.) given are either based on actual working lists (WL) where they exist or are based on Stevens (2006) if no WL is available. Five categories are used to describe the status of a particular working list: 1, checklist complete and accessible via the Internet now; 2, checklist available on Internet by end of 2007 (Asteraceae 2010); 3, checklist complete but not online; 4, some online lists giving partial coverage may be available; 5, no global checklist being compiled so far as known.

opennotspecifiedJul 2022View details →

FIGURE 1. A in Refining the circumscription of a variable species: epitypification of the name Kalanchoe rotundifolia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)

FIGURE 1. A. At the epitype locality of Kalanchoe rotundifolia plants are generally glaucous to dull light green. The leaves are variably nearly round to oblong-elliptic to elliptic-obovate in outline. B. The distal part of the corolla tubes and corolla lobes of K. rotundifolia are orangey red. In bud as well as post-anthesis the flowers are apically twisted. C. Post-anthesis, the corolla tubes of K. rotundifolia dry whitish grey. This was also noted by Haworth (1824a: 188) in the protologue of the name K. rotundifolia where he described the flowers, which were already spent, as "[…] Flores parvi albi […]". D. At the likely type locality of K. rotundifolia in the vicinity of Gqeberha and Kariega in South Africa's Eastern Cape province, the species occurs in the undergrowth of the largely impenetrable thickets, here with the skyline dominated by Aloe pluridens Haworth (1824b: 299). All photographs by Gideon F. Smith.

dryad32/100

Corydalis austroshaanxiensis sp. nov. (Papaveraceae), a neglected species from Shaanxi, China, and a revised circumscription for C. pseudoincisa C.Y. Wu, Z.Y. Su & Lidén

Corydalis austroshaanxiensis, a new species of Corydalis sect. Incisae Fedde (Papaveraceae) from Shaanxi, China, is described. It is most similar to C. pseudoincisa C.Y. Wu, Z.Y. Su & Lidén, but differs in the outer petals retuse to emarginate, with dorsal crest (vs acuminate, rounded to shortly mucronate, without crest), lowermost pedicels that are conspicuously elongating and basally recurved in fruit (vs slightly elongating, straight, erect-spreading), sepals that are 3–4 × ca. 3 mm (vs 1.5–2 × ca. 1.5 mm), lower petals that usually have a linear reddish tint at base (vs without reddish tint), capsules that are narrowly to broadly elliptic to obovoid (vs linear to narrowly oblong), and by the racemes corymbose, forming a very dense cluster of upper fruits (vs racemes not corymbose-like, flower dense in anthesis, lax in fruit). The original materials, which were referred to C. pseudoincisa were mosaic, and the original descriptions and illustrations annotated as C. pseudoincisa only fit in part C. pseudoincisa. A revised circumscription for C. pseudoincisa was given in this study. We suggest the need for caution when identifying additional specimens as paratypes that differ from holotype in distinct characters.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

FIGURE 7 in Adelobotrys tessmannii (Merianieae, Melastomataceae) and allies: a refined circumscription and description of two new Amazonian species with notes on their ecology

FIGURE 7. The occurrence of three species of Adelobotrys in soils of different soil cation concentration in four regions of Amazonian lowland rainforests (Juruá in central Brazil, Yasuní in Ecuador, Loreto in northern Peru, and Madre de Dios in southern Peru). Each open black circle indicates the natural logarithm of the sum of soil cation concentration (Ca+K+Mg+Na cmol(+)/kg) in one inventory transect (see Fig. 1 for locations of transects). The coloured circles indicate the soil cation concentration of an inventory transect where the species have been observed to occur. The box plot summarises, over all regions, the soil variation observed in those inventory transects where the species was encountered. The whiskers of the box embrace the minimum and maximum, the width of the box tells the limits of the first and third quartile, and the vertical line within the box shows the median of the natural logarithm of the sum of cation concentration. Orange colour stands for A. latifolius, green for A. microcarpus, and violet for A. tessmannii.

FIGURE 5 in Adelobotrys tessmannii (Merianieae, Melastomataceae) and allies: a refined circumscription and description of two new Amazonian species with notes on their ecology

FIGURE 5. Adelobotrys latifolius Schulman, sp. nov. A inflorescence; B semi-opened flower, bud, and young fruiting hypanthia; C abaxial side of lamina showing acrodromous venation and ciliolate margin. Photos by K. Ruokolainen of K. Ruokolainen et al. 16491 (A, B) and 16256 (C).

FIGURE 3 in Adelobotrys tessmannii (Merianieae, Melastomataceae) and allies: a refined circumscription and description of two new Amazonian species with notes on their ecology

FIGURE 3. Collecting localities of specimens of the species treated here. A. Adelobotrys tessmannii (solid triangles), A. cf. tessmannii (open triangles), and possible hybrids between A. tessmannii and A. adscendens (crosses). B. A. latifolius (solid triangles) and possible hybrids between A. latifolius and A. tessmannii (crosses). C. A. microcarpus (solid triangles) and A. cf. microcarpus (open triangles). D. The location in South America of the map section shown in A–C. Elevation is depicted in A–C as follows: 0–1000 m as white; 1001–2000 m, 2001–3000 m, 3001–4000 m, and>4000 m as progressively darker shades of grey.

FIGURE 2. Adelobotrys tessmannii Markgr. A in Adelobotrys tessmannii (Merianieae, Melastomataceae) and allies: a refined circumscription and description of two new Amazonian species with notes on their ecology

FIGURE 2. Adelobotrys tessmannii Markgr. A habit showing abaxial (two leaves to the left) and adaxial sides of laminae, and inflorescence; B malpighian hairs from lamina abaxial side (lower three from lamina proper, upper three from vein) with point of attachment marked on two hairs; C larger (epipetalous) stamen; D smaller (episepalous) stamen; E bud showing cylindrical hypanthium, shallowly 5-lobed calyx, and somewhat exserted calyx teeth; F fruiting hypanthium with persistent calyx, and clear constriction at torus, also shown are the only somewhat elongated branches of the partial inflorescence with scars of fallen-off flowers; G old fruit after disintegration of hypanthium showing the remaining costae that are not apically connected by a circular vascular strand. Drawn by R. Ilmanen from J. Schunke 5118 (A, C, D, E), Dorr & Barnett 5829 (B), P. C. D. Cazalet & T. D. Pennington 7544 (F), and Y. Mexia 7101a (G). Scalebars: for A 5 cm, B 0.5 mm, C–D, E–F, and G 5 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Adelobotrys tessmannii (Merianieae, Melastomataceae) and allies: a refined circumscription and description of two new Amazonian species with notes on their ecology

FIGURE 4. Adelobotrys latifolius Schulman, sp. nov. A habit with inflorescence; B malpighian hairs from lamina abaxial side (lower two from lamina proper, upper four from vein) with point of attachment marked on two hairs; C section of lamina abaxial side showing visibility of veins and partly serrulate margins; D tip of shoot showing adventitious climbing roots; E bud showing cylindrical hypanthium, shallowly 5-lobed calyx, and vestigial calyx teeth; F fruiting hypanthium with persistent calyx and clear constriction at torus, also shown is the strongly elongated branch of the partial inflorescence with scars of fallen-off flowers; G smaller (episepalous) stamen; H larger (epipetalous) stamen. Drawn by R. Ilmanen from Woytkowski 7850 and K. Ruokolainen et al. 10332 (A, C, D), G. Klug 1953 (B), Cuatrecasas 11274 (E, G, H), and J. Schunke 3906 (F). Scalebars: for A and C–D 5 cm, B 0.5 mm, E–F and G–H 5 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Adelobotrys tessmannii (Merianieae, Melastomataceae) and allies: a refined circumscription and description of two new Amazonian species with notes on their ecology

FIGURE 6. Adelobotrys microcarpus Schulman, sp. nov. A habit showing abaxial (lower- and uppermost leaves) and adaxial sides of laminae, and inflorescence; B smaller (episepalous) stamen; C larger (epipetalous) stamen and petal; D bud showing cylindrical hypanthium, shallowly 5-lobed calyx, and absence of calyx teeth; E fruiting hypanthium with persistent calyx and clear constriction at torus; F remains of old, disintegrated hypanthium (fruit removed) exhibiting costae that are not apically connected by a circular vascular strand, also shown are the strongly elongated branches of the partial inflorescence with scars of fallen-off fruit; G seed with point of attachment to placenta marked; H close-up view of serrulate-setulose lamina margin from abaxial side; J malpighian hairs from lamina abaxial side (lower three from lamina proper, upper three from vein) with point of attachment marked on two hairs. Drawn by R. Ilmanen from J. J. Wurdack 2070. Scalebars: for A 5 cm, B–C and D–F 5 mm, G and J 0.5 mm, H 2 mm.