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Figure 4 in Species limits in the African Palm Swift Cypsiurus parvus
Figure 4. Examples of calls uttered by three vocal groups of Cypsiurus parvus ranked from west to east (and from left to right): parvus group a: XC348468, São Tomé, P. Verbelen; b: XC346765, Namibia, P. Boesman; gracilis group c: Madagascar, M. Mills; and balasiensis group d: XC286657, India, V. Puliyeri; e: XC362689, Thailand, A. Lastukhin.
Figure 2 in Species limits in the African Palm Swift Cypsiurus parvus
Figure 2. Examples of call series (extracts to illustrate note shapes) uttered by groups of birds, for mainland races of Cypsiurus parvus. From left to right (a–d): parvus (XC356729, B. Piot), brachypterus (XC348468, P. Verbelen), myochrous (XC396390, J. Bradley), hyphaenes (XC153527, R. de By).
Figure 3 in Species limits in the African Palm Swift Cypsiurus parvus
Figure 3. Examples of calls uttered by single individuals of Malagasy races of Cypsiurus parvus. From left to right: gracilis a: XC162876, M. Nelson; b: M. Mills; c: XC125058, A. Lastukhin (cut-off at 7.8 kHz) and griveaudi d: M. Herremans (heavily filtered).
Figure 1 in Species limits in the African Palm Swift Cypsiurus parvus
Figure 1. Examples of short calls uttered by single individuals, for mainland races of Cypsiurus parvus. From left to right (a–e): parvus (XC421450, B. Piot), brachypterus (XC348468, P. Verbelen), myochrous (XC280231, P. Boesman), hyphaenes (XC346765, P. Boesman) and celer (XC280232, P. Boesman).
Figure 1 in Taxonomic status of the Western Hemispingus Sphenopsis ochracea (Thraupidae) and a review of species limits in the genus Sphenopsis P. L. Sclater, 1861
Figure 1. Lateral view of SMF 58282, the only surviving syntype of Sphenopsis ochracea (von Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884), collected by Siemiradzki at Chaguarpata, Chimborazo, Ecuador, on 5 March 1883. The original field label reads: 'Hemispingus? / ♀? / Chaguarpata (5700') [= 1,737 m] / 5/III 83 / Siemiradzki'. The identification on the secondary (Berlepsch) label reads: 'Chlorospingus [in black ink] ochraceus, Berl. & Tacz. [in pencil]', with 'Chloro' crossed out and replaced by 'Hemi' in pencil, and 'melanotis' in pencil (© Gerald Mayr)
TABLE 1 in Taxonomic status of the Western Hemispingus Sphenopsis ochracea (Thraupidae) and a review of species limits in the genus Sphenopsis P. L. Sclater, 1861
<p>TABLE 1 Five alternative taxonomies of the genus <i>Sphenopsis</i> as presented in (from left to right) the present study; eBird/Clements checklist v.2021 (Clements <i>et al</i>. 2021); IOC world bird list v.12.1 (Gill <i>et al</i>. 2021); Howard & Moore v.4 (Dickinson & Christidis 2014); HBW/Birdlife International digital checklist v.6 (HBW & BirdLife International 2021). The South American Checklist Committee (SACC) of the American Ornithological Society (AOS) currently recognises two species (<i>S. melanotis</i>, <i>S. frontalis</i>) in line with eBird/ Clements and Howard & Moore. The ‘linearised’ taxonomic sequence used in this study (see Appendix) was based on Price-Waldman (2019), wherein <i>S. melanotis</i> (<i>sensu lato</i>, as treated by eBird/Clements and Howard & Moore) was reconstructed as paraphyletic. Taxa recognised at species rank within each taxonomy are shown in boldface. Taxa for which study skins were not personally examined in the present study are denoted thus (—).</p><table><thead><tr><th>Present study</th><th>eBird/Clements</th><th>IOC</th><th>Howard & Moore</th><th>HBW/Birdlife</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>S. melanotis melanotis</th><td>S. m. melanotis</td><td>S. m. melanotis</td><td>S. m. melanotis</td><td>S. m. melanotis</td></tr><tr><th>S. m. castaneicollis</th><td>S. m. castaneicollis</td><td>S. m. castaneicollis</td><td>S. m. castaneicollis</td><td>S. m. castaneicollis</td></tr><tr><th>S. frontalis frontalis</th><td>S. f. frontalis</td><td>S. f. frontalis</td><td>S. f. frontalis</td><td>S. f. frontalis</td></tr><tr><th>S. f. hanieli</th><td>S. f. hanieli</td><td>S. f. hanieli</td><td>S. f. hanieli</td><td>S. f. hanieli</td></tr><tr><th>—</th><td>S. f. ignobilis</td><td>S. f. ignobilis</td><td>S. f. ignobilis</td><td>S. f. ignobilis</td></tr><tr><th>—</th><td>S. f. flavidorsalis</td><td>S. f. flavidorsalis</td><td>S. f. flavidorsalis</td><td>S. f. flavidorsalis</td></tr><tr><th>—</th><td>S. f. iterata</td><td>S. f. iterata</td><td>S. f. iterata</td><td>S. f. iterata</td></tr><tr><th><i>S. piurae</i></th><td>S. m. piurae</td><td><i>S. p. piurae</i></td><td>S. m. piurae</td><td>S. p. piurae</td></tr><tr><th>S. ochracea</th><td>S. m. ochracea</td><td><i>S. ochracea</i></td><td>S. m. ochracea</td><td><i>S. ochracea</i></td></tr><tr><th>—</th><td>S. m. berlepschi</td><td>S. m. berlepschi</td><td>S. m. berlepschi</td><td>S. m. berlepschi</td></tr><tr><th>—</th><td>S. m. macrophrys</td><td>S. p. macrophrys</td><td>S. m. macrophrys</td><td>S. p. macrophrys</td></tr></tbody></table>
TABLE 2 in Taxonomic status of the Western Hemispingus Sphenopsis ochracea (Thraupidae) and a review of species limits in the genus Sphenopsis P. L. Sclater, 1861
<p>TABLE 2 Plumage colour of species in the genus <i>Sphenopsis</i>, scored using study skins (<i>n</i> = 43) in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia (ANSP) and Delaware Museum of Nature & Science, Greenville (DMNH) collections (see Appendix for lists of specimens examined). The codes ‘tail-D’ and ‘tail-V’ denote the dorsal and ventral surface of the tail, respectively. Numbers are taken from Smithe (1975): (18) Orange Yellow; (23) Raw Umber; (28) Olive-Brown; (49) Greenish Olive; (51) Citrine; (82) Blackish Neutral Gray; (83) Dark Neutral Gray; (89) Jet Black; (119A) Hair Brown; (121) Vandyke Brown; (121A) Prout’s Brown; (123A) Cinnamon; (123B) Clay Color; (123C) Yellow Ocher; (124) Buff; (129) Dark Brownish Olive; (136) Raw Sienna; (223D) Tawny Olive.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Species</th><th>Crown</th><th>Back</th><th>Tail-D</th><th>Tail-V</th><th>Throat</th><th>Breast</th><th>Belly</th><th>Vent</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th><i>S. melanotis melanotis</i></th><td>833</td><td>837</td><td>283</td><td>23</td><td>123A</td><td>123A</td><td>124</td><td>123A</td></tr><tr><th><i>S. m. castaneicollis</i></th><td>82</td><td>837</td><td>283</td><td>28</td><td>893</td><td>136</td><td>124</td><td>1364</td></tr><tr><th><i>S. frontalis frontalis</i></th><td>491,3,5</td><td>493</td><td>283</td><td>28</td><td>186</td><td>515</td><td>515</td><td>515</td></tr><tr><th><i>S. f. hanieli</i></th><td>493</td><td>491,3</td><td>283</td><td>28</td><td>123C 4</td><td>123B</td><td>123B</td><td>123A</td></tr><tr><th><i>S. piurae</i></th><td>893</td><td>119A</td><td>283</td><td>284</td><td>893</td><td>136</td><td>1364</td><td>1364</td></tr><tr><th><i>S. ochracea</i></th><td>831</td><td>1292</td><td>283</td><td>28</td><td>223D</td><td>123B 3</td><td>223D</td><td>123A</td></tr></tbody></table><p><sup>1</sup> slightly browner <sup>5</sup> slightly more yellow <sup>2</sup> slightly lighter and more olive <sup>6</sup> slightly duller, less bright <sup>3</sup> slightly darker <sup>7</sup> slightly more olive <sup>4</sup> slightly lighter</p>
Linked collectors and determiners for: Antlions of southern Africa: Syngenes Kolbe, 1897, with descriptions of two new species and comments on extra-limital taxa (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Acanthaclisini).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Antlions of southern Africa: Syngenes Kolbe, 1897, with descriptions of two new species and comments on extra-limital taxa (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Acanthaclisini)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/eb673df4-addc-4ff1-a244-12940e61c6ac">https://bionomia.net/dataset/eb673df4-addc-4ff1-a244-12940e61c6ac</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/eb673df4-addc-4ff1-a244-12940e61c6ac">https://gbif.org/dataset/eb673df4-addc-4ff1-a244-12940e61c6ac</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: The South American spider genera Mesabolivar and Carapoia (Araneae, Pholcidae): new species and a framework for redrawing generic limits.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "The South American spider genera Mesabolivar and Carapoia (Araneae, Pholcidae): new species and a framework for redrawing generic limits". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/8bee84d8-4a01-4e53-8eb3-af176ce1feb9">https://bionomia.net/dataset/8bee84d8-4a01-4e53-8eb3-af176ce1feb9</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/8bee84d8-4a01-4e53-8eb3-af176ce1feb9">https://gbif.org/dataset/8bee84d8-4a01-4e53-8eb3-af176ce1feb9</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Fig. 6 in Centromochlus meridionalis, a new catfish species from the southern Amazonian limits, Mato Grosso State, Brazil (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae)
Fig. 6. Centromochlus meridionalis, living specimen photographed in a field aquarium just after collection.
Double-tagging scores of seabirds reveals that light-level geolocator accuracy is limited by species idiosyncrasies and equatorial solar profiles
<p>Light-level geolocators are popular bio-logging tools, with advantageous sizes, longevity, and affordability. Biologists tracking seabirds often presume geolocator spatial accuracies between 186-202 km from previously-innovative, yet taxonomically, spatially, and computationally limited, studies. Using recently developed methods, we investigated whether assumed uncertainty norms held across a larger-scale, multispecies study.</p> <p>We field-tested geolocator spatial accuracy by synchronously deploying these with GPS loggers on scores of seabirds across five species and 11 Mediterranean Sea, East Atlantic and South Pacific breeding colonies. We first interpolated geolocations using the geolocation package FLightR without prior knowledge of GPS tracked routes. We likewise applied another package, probGLS, additionally testing whether sea-surface temperatures could improve route accuracy.</p> <p>Geolocator spatial accuracy was lower than the ~200km often assumed. probGLS produced the best accuracy (mean ± SD = 304 ± 413 km, <i>n</i> = 185 deployments) with 84.5% of GPS-derived latitudes and 88.8% of longitudes falling within resulting uncertainty estimates. FLightR produced lower spatial accuracy (408 ± 473 km, <i>n</i> = 171 deployments) with 38.6% of GPS-derived latitudes and 27% of longitudes within package-specific uncertainty estimates. Expected inter-twilight period (from GPS position and date) was the strongest predictor of accuracy, with increasingly equatorial solar profiles (i.e., closer temporally to equinoxes and/or spatially to the Equator) inducing more error. Individuals, species and geolocator model also significantly affected accuracy, while the impact of distance travelled between successive twilights depended on the geolocation package.</p> <p>Geolocation accuracy is not uniform among seabird species and can be considerably lower than assumed. Individual idiosyncrasies and spatiotemporal dynamics (i.e., shallower inter-twilight shifts by date and latitude) mean that practitioners should exercise greater caution in interpreting geolocator data and avoid universal uncertainty estimates. We provide a function capable of estimating relative accuracy of positions based on geolocator-observed inter-twilight period.</p>
Fig. 1 in Molecular Systematics of Mouse Opossums (Didelphidae: Marmosa): Assessing Species Limits using Mitochondrial DNA Sequences, with Comments on Phylogenetic Relationships and Biogeography
Fig. 1. Provenance of sequenced specimens of Marmosa (localities of sequenced outgroup specimens are not shown). Numbers refer to entries in the Gazetteer (appendix).
Fig. 3 in Molecular Systematics of Mouse Opossums (Didelphidae: Marmosa): Assessing Species Limits using Mitochondrial DNA Sequences, with Comments on Phylogenetic Relationships and Biogeography
Fig. 3. The maximum-likelihood tree inferred from the best-fit model of nucleotide substitution (table 4). ML bootstrap support values and Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated above and below branches, respectively. Branch and terminal labels follow the same conventions explained in the caption to figure 2.
Fig. 2 in Molecular Systematics of Mouse Opossums (Didelphidae: Marmosa): Assessing Species Limits using Mitochondrial DNA Sequences, with Comments on Phylogenetic Relationships and Biogeography
Fig. 2. Strict consensus of 96 equally most-parsimonious trees (L 5 2198; CI 5 0.36; RI 5 0.80). Bootstrap support values are indicated above branches subtending species and conspecific haplogroups discussed in the text. For each terminal, country of origin, next-largest political unit (state, department, province, etc.), and an alphanumeric specimen identifier (from table 2) are provided. Numbers in parentheses refer to localities mapped in figure 1 and listed in the Gazetteer (appendix).
Figure 4 in Diversification and species limits in scale-backed antbirds (Willisornis: Thamnophilidae), an Amazonian endemic lineage
Figure 4. Graphs of BAPS clusters and geographic distribution of individuals analysed when considering A, mitochondrial (K = 8); B, BF5 (K = 3); C, MUSK (K = 6) datasets. Samples were plotted on the map in the pie chart format representing the percentage of admixture recovered by the bar graphs.
Figure 2 in Diversification and species limits in scale-backed antbirds (Willisornis: Thamnophilidae), an Amazonian endemic lineage
Figure 2. Multilocus coalescent species tree of Willisornis lineages identified in previous molecular analyses (Fig. 1). Nodes contain posterior probabilities of clades (above line) and associated confidence intervals (95% HPD) for splitting times (blue bars). Numbers on the timescale below represent millions of years. The colours are the same as used for the recovered groups in Figure 1.
Figure 6 in Diversification and species limits in scale-backed antbirds (Willisornis: Thamnophilidae), an Amazonian endemic lineage
Figure 6. Ancestral range estimates for the genus Willisornis obtained with BioGeoBEARS. The model selected was DIVALIKE (see text for details). Node pie charts represent the likelihoods of ancestral area states. Colours represent major Amazonian geological provinces selected as areas for the analysis, with those differing from the ones in the map corresponding to combinations of areas: GUI, Guiana Shield; BAC, Amazonian foreland basins; BRA, Brazilian Shield; GUIBAC, Guiana Shield + Amazonian foreland basins; GUIBRA, Guiana Shield + Brazilian Shield; and BACBRA, Amazonian foreland basins + Brazilian Shield. Numbers on the timescale below represent millions of years.
Figure 3. A in Diversification and species limits in scale-backed antbirds (Willisornis: Thamnophilidae), an Amazonian endemic lineage
Figure 3. A, BP&P posterior probabilities for different prior settings corresponding to the degree of significant coalescence between reciprocally monophyletic Willisornis lineages. Θ corresponds to the population size parameter and τ to the divergence time priors at the root of the species tree. ε, α and m are different values of fine-tune parameters. B, overlapping coalescent trees for each scenario generated by BP&P.
Figure 5 in Diversification and species limits in scale-backed antbirds (Willisornis: Thamnophilidae), an Amazonian endemic lineage
Figure 5. Clusters of BAPS for Willisornis poecilinotus gutturalis and W. p. griseiventris A in western Amazonia. Each graph corresponds to analyses made with A, mitochondrial; B, BF5; C, MUSK datasets. The coloured bars represent the proportion of genetic similarity to each population for each specimen included in the analysis while the maps on the right show the geographic distribution of the samples used. Specimen CAM021 is highlighted by a red rectangle and arrow.
Host-enemy interactions provide limited biotic resistance for a range-expanding species via reduced apparent competition
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Aim:</span></strong><span> As species' ranges shift poleward in response to anthropogenic change, they may lose antagonistic interactions if they move into less diverse communities, fail to interact with novel populations or species effectively, or if ancestral interacting populations or species fail to shift synchronously. We leveraged a poleward range expansion in a tractable insect host-enemy community to uncover mechanisms by which altered antagonistic interactions between native and recipient communities contributed to "high niche opportunities" (limited biotic resistance) for a range-expanding insect. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Location:</span></strong><span> North America, Pacific Northwest</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Methods:</span></strong><span> We created quantitative insect host-enemy interaction networks by sampling oak gall wasps on 400 trees of a dominant oak species in the native and expanded range of a range-expanding gall wasp species. We compared host-enemy network structure between regions. We measured traits (phenology, morphology) of galls and interacting parasitoids, predicting greater trait divergence in the expanded range. We measured function relating to host control and explored if altered interactions and traits contributed to reduced function or biotic resistance.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Results:</span></strong><span> Interaction networks had fewer species in the expanded range and lower complementarity of parasitoid assemblages among host species. While networks were more generalized, interactions with the range-expanding species were more specialized in the expanded range. Specialist enemies effectively tracked the range-expanding host, and there was reduced apparent competition with co-occurring hosts by shared generalist enemies. Phenological divergence of enemy assemblages interacting with the range-expanding and co-occurring hosts was greater in the expanded range, potentially contributing to weak apparent competition. Biotic resistance was lower in the expanded range, where fewer parasitoids emerged from galls of the range-expanding host.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Main conclusions:</span></strong><span> Changes in interactions with generalist enemies created high niche opportunities, and limited biotic resistance, suggesting weak apparent competition may be a mechanism of enemy release for range-expanding insects embedded within generalist enemy networks.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.