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34 results for “species membership”
FIGURES 129–136. Eurydinoteloides spp. 129–132, 3 in Revision of the species of Jaliscoa Bouček within a review of the identity, relationships and membership of Jaliscoa, Catolaccus Thomson, Eurydinoteloides Girault, Lyrcus Walker and Trimeromicrus Gahan (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
FIGURES 129–136. Eurydinoteloides spp. 129–132, 3 antenna: 129, Eurydinoteloides sp. (190) [insert: pedicel–fl5]; 130 Eurydinoteloides sp. (171) [insert: pedicel–fl4]; 131, E. bacchadis (147) [insert: pedicel–fl3]; 132, Eurydinoteloides sp. (189) [insert: pedicel–fl3]. 133–136, Ƥ lower face, frontolateral: 133, Eurydinoteloides sp. (133); 134, Eurydinoteloides sp. (64); 135, Eurydinoteloides sp. (SEM); 136, Eurydinoteloides sp. (89). No. in parenthesis = CNC 2011 photo no.
FIGURES 97–104 in Revision of the species of Jaliscoa Bouček within a review of the identity, relationships and membership of Jaliscoa, Catolaccus Thomson, Eurydinoteloides Girault, Lyrcus Walker and Trimeromicrus Gahan (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
FIGURES 97–104. Jaliscoa nudipennis Ƥ. 97, habitus, lateral (holotype); 98, head, frontal (35); 99, habitus, dorsal (holotype); 100, pro- and mesonotum (32); 101, mesopectus, ventrolateral (25); 102, meso- and metapleuron (26); 103, propodeum, posterolateral (106: SEM) [arrow 1 points to vertical and arrow 2 points to oblique carina on callus]; 104, fore wing (36). No. in parenthesis = CNC 2011 photo no.
FIGURES 49–54. Pteromalus spp. 49–53 in Revision of the species of Jaliscoa Bouček within a review of the identity, relationships and membership of Jaliscoa, Catolaccus Thomson, Eurydinoteloides Girault, Lyrcus Walker and Trimeromicrus Gahan (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
FIGURES 49–54. Pteromalus spp. 49–53, Pteromalus grisselli: 49, Ƥ head, frontal (136); 50, 3 head and antenna, frontal (162); 51, Ƥ lower face and mandibles, frontolateral (136); 52, 3 lower face and mandibles, frontal (162); 53, Ƥ antenna (holotype) [insert: pedicel–fl3]. 54, Pteromalus? platyphilus, 3 lower face and mandibles (175). No. in parenthesis = CNC 2011 photo no.
FIGURES 123–128 in Revision of the species of Jaliscoa Bouček within a review of the identity, relationships and membership of Jaliscoa, Catolaccus Thomson, Eurydinoteloides Girault, Lyrcus Walker and Trimeromicrus Gahan (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
FIGURES 123–128. Eurydinoteloides spp. Ƥ. 123, E. americana (holotype), propodeum, posterior; 124, E. bacchadis propodeum, posterolateral (101: SEM); 125, Eurydinoteloides sp., mesonotal setae (31) (left: photo, right: SEM); 126, E. americana (holotype), fore wing (circles = admarginal setae, rectangles = leading row of dorsal discal setae); 127, E. laticeps (syntype), fore wing; 128, E. bacchadis, fore wing (155). No. in parenthesis = CNC 2011 photo no.
FIGURES 73–78. Jaliscoa grandis. 73 in Revision of the species of Jaliscoa Bouček within a review of the identity, relationships and membership of Jaliscoa, Catolaccus Thomson, Eurydinoteloides Girault, Lyrcus Walker and Trimeromicrus Gahan (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
FIGURES 73–78. Jaliscoa grandis. 73, Ƥ habitus, dorsal (6); 74, Ƥ habitus, lateral (150); 75, 3 habitus, dorsal (151); 76, 3 habitus, lateral; 77, Ƥ head, frontal (6); 78, Ƥ lower face, frontolateral (169). No. in parenthesis = CNC 2011 photo no.
FIGURES 79–84 in Revision of the species of Jaliscoa Bouček within a review of the identity, relationships and membership of Jaliscoa, Catolaccus Thomson, Eurydinoteloides Girault, Lyrcus Walker and Trimeromicrus Gahan (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
FIGURES 79–84. Jaliscoa grandis Ƥ. 79, antennae (6); 80, fore wing (27) [insert: admarginal setae]; 81, pro- and mesonotum, dorsal (27) [arrow points to pronotal emargination]; 82, mesosoma, lateral (12) [arrow points to pronotal ridge]; 83, propodeum, posterior (6); 84, propodeum, posterolateral (105: SEM). No. in parenthesis = CNC 2011 photo no.
FIGURES 67–72. Jaliscoa bouceki. 67 in Revision of the species of Jaliscoa Bouček within a review of the identity, relationships and membership of Jaliscoa, Catolaccus Thomson, Eurydinoteloides Girault, Lyrcus Walker and Trimeromicrus Gahan (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
FIGURES 67–72. Jaliscoa bouceki. 67, Ƥ head, frontal (154); 68, 3 head and antenna, frontal (156); 69, Ƥ head, frontolateral (88) [arrows point to malar sulcus]; 70, 3 habitus, lateral (155); 71, Ƥ propodeum, posterolateral (10: SEM); 72, Ƥ fore wing (116) [insert: admarginal setae]. No. in parenthesis = CNC 2011 photo no.
FIGURES 9–12. Catolaccus spp. 9, C in Revision of the species of Jaliscoa Bouček within a review of the identity, relationships and membership of Jaliscoa, Catolaccus Thomson, Eurydinoteloides Girault, Lyrcus Walker and Trimeromicrus Gahan (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
FIGURES 9–12. Catolaccus spp. 9, C. aeneoviridis Ƥ, mesoscutum–propodeum, lateral (33) [arrow points to reflexed marginal rim of scutellum]. 10, C. cyanoideus Ƥ, fore wing (19). 11 and 12, Ƥ propodeum, posterolateral (SEM): 11, C. aeneoviridis (115); 12, C. kansensis (96). No. in parenthesis = CNC 2011 photo no.
FIGURES 1–8. Catolaccus spp. 1, C. aeneoviridis, 3 in Revision of the species of Jaliscoa Bouček within a review of the identity, relationships and membership of Jaliscoa, Catolaccus Thomson, Eurydinoteloides Girault, Lyrcus Walker and Trimeromicrus Gahan (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
FIGURES 1–8. Catolaccus spp. 1, C. aeneoviridis, 3 antenna (132). 2–6, C. cyanoideus: 2, 3 antenna (188) [insert: pedicel–fl3]; 3, Ƥ habitus, lateral (21); 4, Ƥ head and antenna, lateral (21); 5, Ƥ head and pronotum, dorsal (21); 6, Ƥ head, frontal (20). 7 and 8, C. aeneoviridis Ƥ: 7, head, frontolateral (34); 8, head and mesosoma, dorsal (131). No. in parenthesis = CNC 2011 photo no.
FIGURES 45–48 in Revision of the species of Jaliscoa Bouček within a review of the identity, relationships and membership of Jaliscoa, Catolaccus Thomson, Eurydinoteloides Girault, Lyrcus Walker and Trimeromicrus Gahan (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
FIGURES 45–48. Eurydinoteloides tepicensis, Ƥ holotype. 45, habitus, dorsal; 46, habitus, lateral; 47, head and antennae, lateral; 48, meso- and metapleuron.
Data from: A fuzzy-set-theory-based approach to analyze species membership in DNA barcoding
Reliable assignation of an unknown query sequence to its correct species remains a methodological problem for the growing field of DNA barcoding. While great advances have been achieved recently, species identification from barcodes can still be unreliable if the relevant biodiversity has been insufficiently sampled. We here propose a new notion of species membership for DNA barcoding - fuzzy membership, based on fuzzy set theory - and illustrate its successful application to four real datasets (bats, fishes, butterflies and flies) with more than 5000 random simulations. Two of the datasets comprise especially dense species/population level samples. In comparison with current DNA barcoding methods, the newly proposed minimum distance (MD) plus fuzzy set approach, and another computationally simple method, "best close match", outperform two computationally sophisticated Bayesian and BootstrapNJ methods. The new method proposed here has great power in reducing false positive species identification compared with other methods when conspecifics of the query are absent from the reference database.
Data from: A fuzzy-set-theory-based approach to analyze species membership in DNA barcoding
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Data from: Limited indirect fitness benefits of male group membership in a lekking species
In group living species, individuals may gain the indirect fitness benefits characterising kin selection when groups contain close relatives. However, tests of kin selection have primarily focused on cooperatively breeding and eusocial species, whereas its importance in other forms of group living remains to be fully understood. Lekking is a form of grouping where males display on small aggregated territories, which females then visit to mate. As females prefer larger aggregations, territorial males might gain indirect fitness benefits if their presence increases the fitness of close relatives. Previous studies have tested specific predictions of kin selection models by using measures such as group-level relatedness. However, a full understanding of the contribution of kin selection in the evolution of group living requires estimating individuals' indirect fitness benefits across multiple sites and years. Using behavioural and genetic data from the black grouse (Tetrao tetrix), we show that the indirect fitness benefits of group membership were limited because newcomers joined leks containing few close relatives who had limited mating success. Males' indirect fitness benefits were higher in yearlings during increasing population density but overall remained small and only marginally changed the variation in male fitness. Kin selection acting through increasing group size has a limited influence on male fitness and is therefore unlikely to contribute substantially to the evolution and maintenance of lekking in this black grouse population.
Data from: Limited indirect fitness benefits of male group membership in a lekking species
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