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Fig. 6 in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species

Fig. 6. Map of the Solomon Archipelago showing the collecting localities of Huberantha asymmetrica I.M.Turner & Utteridge sp. nov.

Fig. 1. Monoon pachypetalum I.M in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species

Fig. 1. Monoon pachypetalum I.M.Turner & Utteridge sp. nov. A. Foliage. B. Shoot bearing flower in leaf axil. C. Shoot bearing old fruit without monocarps. D. Detached monocarp. E. Flower, lateral view. F. Flower pedicel and calyx viewed from below. G. Outer petal, abaxial view. H. Median longitudinal section through outer petal. I. Inner petal, abaxial view. Scale bars: graduated single bar = 5 mm; double bar = 1 cm; graduated double bar = 5 cm. Drawn from Dransfield JD7565 (A, C, D); Nedi 781 (B, E); Gjellerup 738 (F–I). Drawn by Andrew Brown.

Fig. 9 in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species

Fig. 9. Regional distribution of the genus Drepananthus (Annonaceae) in the Pacific. Base map sourced from CartoGIS, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Australia.

Fig. 13 in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species

Fig. 13. Regional distribution of the genus Meiogyne (Annonaceae) in the Pacific. Base map sourced from CartoGIS, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Australia.

Fig. 12 in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species

Fig. 12. Regional distribution of the genus Huberantha (Annonaceae) in the Pacific. Base map sourced from CartoGIS, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Australia.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

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Data from: Discordant patterns of genetic and phenotypic differentiation in five grasshopper species co-distributed across a microreserve network

Conservation plans can be greatly improved when information on the evolutionary and demographic consequences of habitat fragmentation is available for several co-distributed species. Here, we study spatial patterns of phenotypic and genetic variation among five grasshopper species that are co-distributed across a network of microreserves but show remarkable differences in dispersal-related morphology (body size and wing length), degree of habitat specialization and extent of fragmentation of their respective habitats in the study region. In particular, we tested the hypothesis that species with preferences for highly fragmented microhabitats show stronger genetic and phenotypic structure than co-distributed generalist taxa inhabiting a continuous matrix of suitable habitat. We also hypothesized a higher resemblance of spatial patterns of genetic and phenotypic variability among species that have experienced a higher degree of habitat fragmentation due to their more similar responses to the parallel large-scale destruction of their natural habitats. In partial agreement with our first hypothesis, we found that genetic structure, but not phenotypic differentiation, was higher in species linked to highly fragmented habitats. We did not find support for congruent patterns of phenotypic and genetic variability among any studied species, indicating that they show idiosyncratic evolutionary trajectories and distinctive demographic responses to habitat fragmentation across a common landscape. This suggests that conservation practices in networks of protected areas require detailed ecological and evolutionary information on target species in order to focus management efforts on those taxa that are more sensitive to the effects of habitat fragmentation.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of Eumanota Edwards (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Manotine) from Colombia: evidence for a pseudogondwanan pattern

FIGURE 6. High Andean forest environment in Loma del Escobero, Envigado, Departamento de Antioquia, Colombia, where Eumanota wolffae was collected.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Eumanota Edwards (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Manotine) from Colombia: evidence for a pseudogondwanan pattern

FIGURE 5. Eumanota wolffae, female paratype: A, lateral view; B, ventral view. Abbreviations: ce1, ce2, cercus segments 1–2; S7–10, sternites 7–10; T7–10, tergites 7–10.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Eumanota Edwards (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Manotine) from Colombia: evidence for a pseudogondwanan pattern

FIGURE 3. Eumanota wolffae, male paratype: A, ventral view; B, dorsal view. Abbreviations: aap, aedeagal apodeme; ae, aedeagus; ce, cercus; gcb, gonocoxal bridge; gcd, gonocoxal distal setae on lateral projection; gci, gonocoxal inner seta on latera projection; glp, gonocoxite lateral projection; gmp, gonocoxitemesal projection; gs, gonostylus; pa, paramere; pap, parameral apodeme; S8, S10, sternites 8, 10; T8, tergite 8; T9, tergite 9; T9s, differentiated seta of tergite 9.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Eumanota Edwards (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Manotine) from Colombia: evidence for a pseudogondwanan pattern

FIGURE 4. Eumanota wolffae, male paratype: A, ventral view at level of syngonocoxite; B, ventral view at level of parameres; C, ventral view at level of gonostylus and gonocoxal bridge; D, Ventral view at level of tergite 9. Abbreviations: gc, gonocoxite; for others, see figure 3.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Eumanota Edwards (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Manotine) from Colombia: evidence for a pseudogondwanan pattern

FIGURE 1. Eumanota wolffae male paratype: A, frontal view of head and thorax; B, head, frontal view; C, head, dorsal view; D, Head, lateral view.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Eumanota Edwards (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Manotine) from Colombia: evidence for a pseudogondwanan pattern

FIGURE 2. Eumanota wolffae, male paratype: A, thorax, dorsal view; B, thorax pleural, lateral view; C, thorax, posterior view; D, wing tip; E, full wing. Rs1, first sector of the radial sector.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Dataset from: Tolerance to aerial exposure influences distributional patterns in multi-species intertidal seagrass meadows

This is the dataset for an article published in Marine Environmental Research titled, 'Tolerance to aerial exposure influences distributional patterns in multi-species intertidal seagrass meadows', in October 2023. Following is the abstract for the paper for which this was the primary data:Multi-specific seagrass meadow assemblages dominate most tropical intertidal regions but the relative role of environmental stress in determining distribution patterns is still uncertain. Here we combine observational and experimental approaches to examine aerial exposure as a factor driving species occurrence patterns in intertidal meadows of the Andaman archipelago, where up to 6 seagrass species co-occur. In the studied meadow, patterns of exposure did not map onto distance from the coast, instead creating a patchy matrix of exposure, based on fine-scale bathymetric differences. Distributional surveys showed that seagrass species were similarly patchy, often tracking the degree of aerial exposure during low tide. While some species (Halophila ovalis, Halophila minor, and Thalassia hemprichii) frequently occurred in submerged or subtidal areas and were rarely found in completely exposed areas, other species (Cymodocea rotundata, Halophila beccarii, and Halodule uninervis) also occupied areas that were subject to partial or complete aerial exposure during low tide. To confirm this pattern, we used field-based transplant experiments, employing a natural gradient of tidal exposure to subject six seagrass species to different desiccation exposure times. After a month, H. beccarii and H. uninervis transplants survived in areas that sustained more than 3 h of aerial tidal exposure without significant mortality, compared with other species (H. ovalis, H. minor, T. hemprichii, C. rotundata) that showed dramatic shoot mortality at the same exposure regimes. For all species, 4 h represented the upper limit of exposure, in both experimental and distributional studies. However, despite their wider tolerance of exposure to air, H. beccarii and H. uninervis did not dominate the entire meadow. This could be a result either of their poor tolerance to other environmental factors or their lower competitive abilities among other mechanisms. This suggests that in tropical multi-specific meadows, strong environmental filters could override clear intertidal zonation to create patchy matrices based on species tolerances.

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Water depth influences survival and predator-specific patterns of nest loss in three secretive marsh bird species

Wetlands have become increasingly rare in the United States, negatively influencing wetland-dependent birds, and many remaining wetlands are intensively managed through seasonal dewatering mimicking historic flood pulses during spring and summer. However, water around nests may provide protection from terrestrial predators, and lowering water levels during the breeding season of wetland birds may increase predation risk and exacerbate marsh bird population declines. Understanding interactions between water depth, nesting marsh birds, and nest predators is critical to aid managers in developing a multi-species management approach in emergent wetlands. During the 2020 and 2021 breeding seasons, we examined nest survival of 148 marsh bird nests (American Coot, Fulica americana, n = 1; Common Gallinule, Gallinula galeata, n = 64; and Least Bittern; Ixobrychus exilis, n = 83) and installed cameras at 78 nests to identify predators at a large, restored floodplain wetland in Illinois where the primary management technique is seasonal water removal to stimulate germination of moist soil plants. We found nest predation of, and abandonment by, Least Bittern and Common Gallinule were related to shallower water, and early season, high volume dewatering. Least Bitterns nested more commonly along wetland edges and nests farther from the shore were more likely to survive. Similarly, we found mammalian depredation of nests and nest abandonment decreased when deeper water was present around nests. Alternatively, snake predation was observed earlier in the year prior to water removal from inundated emergent vegetation. Our results demonstrate water depth may be an important deterrent of nest predators, especially mammals, during the breeding season. Further, we recommend managers delay dewatering until after the nesting season at sites where management for conservation-priority marsh birds is a focus.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Figure 5 in A new and rare epigean asellid from western Mexico Caecidotea contrerasbalderasi sp. nov. (Isopoda: Asellidae) with a new suture pattern in pleopod IV for the Mexican epigean species

Figure 5. Suture patterns of pleopod IV: A, Pattern A, with 2 false sutures and apical incision; B, Pattern B, with single sigmoid false suture; C, Pattern C, without sutures. Figures A and B taken and redrawn from Lewis and Bowman (1981: 6, fig 7).

Figure 2 in A new and rare epigean asellid from western Mexico Caecidotea contrerasbalderasi sp. nov. (Isopoda: Asellidae) with a new suture pattern in pleopod IV for the Mexican epigean species

Figure 2. Caecidotea contrerasbalderasi sp. nov., Pantanal, municipality Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico. A, Holotype male (UANL- FCB-C-6240), 7.0 mm. B, Paratype female (UANL-FCB-C-6241) 6.0 mm. A, male habitus. B, female habitus. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

Figure 1 in A new and rare epigean asellid from western Mexico Caecidotea contrerasbalderasi sp. nov. (Isopoda: Asellidae) with a new suture pattern in pleopod IV for the Mexican epigean species

Figure 1. Type locality of Caecidotea contrerasbalderasi sp. nov., Pantanal, municipality Xalisco, Nayarit, México.

Figure 4 in A new and rare epigean asellid from western Mexico Caecidotea contrerasbalderasi sp. nov. (Isopoda: Asellidae) with a new suture pattern in pleopod IV for the Mexican epigean species

Figure 4. Caecidotea contrerasbalderasi sp. nov., holotype male (UANL-FCB-C-6240), 7.0 mm, left pleopods, Pantanal, Municipality Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico. A, pleopod I; B, pleopod II; C, D, dorsal and ventral view of the apex of the endopodite; E, pleopod III; F, pleopod IV; G, pleopod V. Scale bars: A, B = 0.1 mm, C, D = 0.054 mm, E-G = 0.2 mm.

Figure 3 in A new and rare epigean asellid from western Mexico Caecidotea contrerasbalderasi sp. nov. (Isopoda: Asellidae) with a new suture pattern in pleopod IV for the Mexican epigean species

Figure 3. Caecidotea contrerasbalderasi sp. nov., holotype male (UANL-FCB-C-6240), 7.0 mm, paratype female (FCB-UANL-6241), Pantanal, municipality Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico. A, male pereiopod I; B, female pereiopod I; C, male pereiopod II; D, male pereiopod III; E, female pereiopod IV; F, pereiopod V; G, female pereiopod VI. H, pereiopod VII. Scale bar: A, B = 0.15, C-H = 0.2 mm.