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131 results for “species-richness”
Data from: Species abundance fluctuations over 31 years are associated with plant-soil feedback in a species-rich mountain meadow
<p>1. Increasing evidence suggest that plant-soil interactions play an essential role in plant community assembly processes. Empirical investigations show that plant species abundance in the field is often related to plant-soil biota interactions, however, the direction of these relations have yielded inconsistent results.</p> <p>2. We combined unique 31-year long field data on species abundances from a species-rich mountain meadow with single time point plant-soil feedback greenhouse experiments of 24 co-occurring plant species. We tested whether these relations were dynamic in time, whether coupled increases and decreases in abundance between years were related to plant-soil feedback and whether these changes were underlain by years in which manuring was applied.</p> <p>3. The prevailingly negative relationship between plant-soil feedback and plant relative abundance in the field was significantly time-dependent, which may reconcile the contrasting results in literature. Furthermore, significant coupled oscillations appeared between species relative abundance changes and plant-soil feedback, which were likely moderated by years in which manuring was applied. Our results are consistent with the notion that the more abundant species are stabilised by negative plant-soil feedback, and the less abundant species co-vary with the fluctuations of these more competitive species.</p> <p>4. Synthesis: Our results project plant-soil feedback as an important regulatory mechanism in plant communities, operating in conjunction with a species' competitive ability and soil nutrient availability. We suggest that negative feedback is particularly prominent in more abundant plant species that profit from more readily available soil nutrients than less abundant species with positive feedback. Negative plant-soil feedback may thus prevent more abundant plant species from outcompeting less abundant plant species, facilitating stable species co-existence.</p>
Contrasting latitudinal patterns in diversity and stability in a high-latitude species-rich moth community
<p>Aim: Biodiversity is currently undergoing rapid restructuring across the globe. However, the nature of biodiversity change is not well understood, as community-level changes may hide differential responses in individual population trajectories. Here, we quantify spatio-temporal community and stability dynamics using a long-term high-quality moth monitoring dataset. Location: Finland, Northern Europe. Time period: 1993-2012. Major taxa studied: Nocturnal moths (Lepidoptera). Methods: We quantify patterns of change in species richness, total abundance, dominance and temporal variability at different organisational levels over a 20-year period and along a 1100-km latitudinal gradient. We used mixed-effects and linear models to quantify temporal trends for the different community and stability metrics and to test for latitudinal (or longitudinal) effects. Results: We find contrasting patterns for different community metrics, and strong latitudinal patterns. While total moth abundance has declined, species richness has simultaneously increased over the study period, but with rates accelerating with latitude. Additionally, we reveal a latitudinal pattern in temporal variability – the northernmost locations exhibited higher variability over time, as quantified by both metrics of richness and aggregated species populations trends. Main Conclusions: When combined, our findings likely reflect an influx of species expanding their ranges poleward in response to warming. The overall decline in abundance and the latitudinal effect on temporal variability highlight potentially severe consequences of global change for community structure and integrity across high-latitude regions. Importantly, our results underscore that increases in species richness may be paralleled by a loss of individuals, which in turn might affect higher trophic levels. Our findings suggest that the ongoing global species redistribution is affecting both community structure and stability over time, leading to compounded and partly opposing effects of global change depending on what biodiversity dimension we focus on.</p>
Data from: Knowledge co-production with traditional herders on cattle grazing behaviour for better management of species-rich grasslands
The research gap between rangeland/livestock science and conservation biology/vegetation ecology has led to a lack of evidence needed for grazing-related conservation management. Connecting scientific understanding with traditional ecological knowledge of local livestock keepers could help bridge this research and knowledge gap. 1. We studied the grazing behaviour (plant selection and avoidance) of beef cattle (ca. 33 000 bites) on species-rich lowland pastures in Central Europe and traditional herding practices. We also did >450 outdoor interviews with traditional herders about livestock behaviour, herders' decisions to modify grazing behaviour, and effects of modified grazing on pasture vegetation. 2. We found that cattle grazing on species-rich pastures displayed at least 10 different behavioural elements as they encountered 117 forage species from highly desired to rejected. The small discrimination error suggests that cattle recognize all listed plants 'by species'. 3. We also found that herders had broad knowledge of grazing desire and they consciously aimed to modify desire by slowing, stopping or redirecting the herd. Modifications were aimed at increasing grazing intensity in less desired patches and decreasing grazing selectivity in heterogenous swards. 4. Synthesis and applications: These traditional herd management practices have significant conservation benefits, such as avoiding under- and overgrazing, and targeted removal of pasture weeds, litter and enchroaching bushes, tall competitive plants and invasive species. We argue that knowledge co-production with traditional herders who belong to another knowledge system could help connect isolated scientific disciplines especially if ecologists and rangeland scientists work closely with traditional herders, co-designing research projects and working together in data collection, analysis and interpretation. Stronger links between these disciplines could help develop evidence-based, specific conservation management practices while herders could contribute with their practical experiences and with real world testing of new management techniques.04-May-2020
Data from: Different management practices influence growth of small plants in species-rich hay meadows through shading
<p>Data from: Different management practices influence growth of small plants in species-rich hay meadows through shading, published in Applied Vegetation Science. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and Dry Matter Yield (DMY)</p>
Network analyses reveal the role of large snakes in connecting feeding guilds in a species-rich Amazonian snake community
<p class="normal">In ecological communities, interactions between consumers and resources lead to the emergence of ecological networks and a fundamental problem to solve is to understand which factors shape network structure. Empirical and theoretical studies on ecological networks suggest predator body size is a key factor structuring patterns of interaction. Because larger predators consume a wider resource range, including the prey consumed by smaller predators, we hypothesized that variation in body size favors the rise of nestedness. In contrast, if resource consumption requires specific adaptations, predators are expected to consume distinct sets of resources, thus favoring modularity. We investigate these predictions by characterising the trophic network of a species-rich Amazonian snake community (62 species). Our results revealed an intricate network pattern resulting from larger species feeding on higher diversity of prey, promoting nestedness, and specific lifestyles feeding on distinct resources, promoting modularity. Species removal simulations indicated that the nested structure is favored mainly by the presence of five species of the family Boidae, which because of their body size and generalist lifestyles connect modules in the network. Our study highlights the particular ways traits affect the structure of interactions among consumers and resources at the community level.</p>
Fig. 4 in Species Accumulation Curves And Similarity Traits Of A Species-Rich Fly (Diptera) Community
Fig. 4. Jackknifed NESS indices relating to the first and kth group of 50, k = 1,2,…, 20
Fig. 3 in Species Accumulation Curves And Similarity Traits Of A Species-Rich Fly (Diptera) Community
Fig. 3. Quasi individual-based species accumulation curves after normalisation
Fig. 1 in Species Accumulation Curves And Similarity Traits Of A Species-Rich Fly (Diptera) Community
Fig. 1. Sample-based species accumulation curves without normalisation
Fig 8 in Publishing trends and productivity in insect taxonomy from 1946 through 2012 based on an analysis of the Zoological Record for four species-rich families
Fig 8. Number of co-authored papers with authors from different continents from 1946 to 2012.
Fig. 7 in Publishing trends and productivity in insect taxonomy from 1946 through 2012 based on an analysis of the Zoological Record for four species-rich families
Fig. 7. Percentage of articles with co-authors from 1946 to 2012.
Data from: Rapid post-fire re-assembly of species-rich bryophyte communities in Afroalpine heathlands
<p>Questions: In some fire-prone ecosystems, bryophytes play a crucial role by providing the surface fuel that controls the fire-return interval. Afroalpine heathlands are such an ecosystem, yet almost nothing is known about the bryophytes in this system. We do not know the level of species richness, or if there is a successive accumulation of species over time, or if some species are adapted to specific phases along the successional gradient, for example early-successional species sensitive to competition.</p> <p>Location: Afroalpine heathlands in Ethiopia</p> <p>Methods: We made an inventory of all bryophytes in 48 plots of 5 x 5 m, distributed along a chronosequence from 1 to 25 years post-fire. The heathlands are located around 3500-3800 m asl, and are managed by traditional pasture burning with fire intervals of around 8-20 years.</p> <p>Results: We found in total 111 taxa of bryophytes. Post-fire mortality was almost 100%. The youngest plots had only a few cosmopolitan species often found after fire. Species richness increased monotonically and seemed to start levelling off at around 15 years after fire, when many plots had around 30 species and a high cover of Breutelia diffracta, which is a key ground-living species, important as surface fuel. Most species were found with sporophytes, a pattern even stronger for the most frequent species.</p> <p><span>Conclusions:</span> Interestingly, bryophyte diversity is already remarkably high by only 15 years after total eradication. The relatively slow accumulation of species in the first years suggest that dispersal in space, and not time, is the major mechanism by which sites regain their diversity (i.e. spore banks play a small role). This indicates that the high species richness is built up through colonization from surrounding heathlands, and perhaps also from higher altitude alpine grasslands and lower altitude forests, and that the bryophyte diversity in this system is maintained by the traditional fire and grazing management.</p>
Large-scale restoration of species-rich dry grasslands on arable land: Environmental filtering drives successful species establishment over a period of 10 years
<p>Sowing of regionally specific seed mixtures on former arable land is increasingly used to restore species-rich grasslands, but it often faces important obstacles in environmental conditions and colonisation from preserved surrounding grasslands. Long-term landscape scale studies, which explore the processes governing plant establishment from seed mixtures and later colonisation from the surrounding landscape are scarce. We studied the species and functional trait composition of 32 grasslands restored 1–11 years before the first sampling by sowing regional seed mixtures in the White Carpathian Mts (SE Czech Republic). We compared them with 23 well-preserved permanent grasslands in their surroundings. In each grassland we estimated plant species cover in three plots of 25 m<sup>2</sup>, in restored grasslands in 2009, 2014 and 2019, in permanent grasslands in 2009. The species composition of the restored grasslands converged towards the permanent grasslands due to expansion of dry grassland species and retreat of mesic grassland and weed species. The majority (60–71%) of the vegetation cover of restored grasslands was formed by sown species, while the species number was mainly determined by colonising unsown species (61–63%). The species number of restored grasslands remained lower than that in permanent grasslands. Functional trait composition (Community Weighted Mean) of the sown seed mixtures, permanent grasslands and restored grasslands overlapped in all three samplings. With increasing grassland age, species with resource-retaining traits of low specific leaf area and high leaf dry matter content, lower stature, higher seed mass, and lower capacity for clonal reproduction expanded. Functional trait diversity of the plots was mostly lower than expected by null model randomisations of community, which indicates strong environmental filtering. Comparison of newly colonising species and extinct species indicated that mainly species with traits similar to the rest of the community are able to colonise the grasslands successfully. Synthesis and applications. Sowing of regionally specific seed mixtures was successful and demonstrated to be a fast way of grassland restoration, particularly in terms of functional trait composition. The resulting species diversity depended on the colonisation processes, which are controlled by the functional composition of the local communities.</p>
Widespread sympatry in a species-rich clade of marine fishes (Carangoidei)
<p>A universal paradigm describing patterns of speciation across the tree of life has been debated for decades. In marine organisms, patterns of speciation are largely unknown due to the deficiency of species-level phylogenies and information on species' distributions, as well as conflicting relationships between species' dispersal, range size and co-occurrence. Most research on global patterns of marine fish speciation has focused on coral reef or pelagic species. Carangoidei is an ecologically important clade of marine fishes that utilize both coral reef and pelagic environments. We used sequence capture of 1314 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) from 154 taxa to generate a phylogeny of Carangoidei and its parent clade, Carangiformes. Age-range correlation analyses of the geographic distributions and divergence times of sister species pairs reveal widespread sympatry, with 73% of sister species pairs exhibiting a sympatric geographic distribution, regardless of node age, and most species pairs co-existing across large portions of their ranges. We also observe greater disparity in body size and water column depth utilization between sympatric than allopatric sister species. These and other ecological or behavioral attributes likely facilitate sympatry among the most closely related carangoids.</p>
Large-scale restoration of species-rich dry grasslands on arable land: Environmental filtering drives successful species establishment over a period of 10 years
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Widespread sympatry in a species-rich clade of marine fishes (Carangoidei)
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Data from: Is genomic diversity a useful proxy for census population size? Evidence from a species-rich community of desert lizards
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Data from: Rapid post-fire re-assembly of species-rich bryophyte communities in Afroalpine heathlands
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Contrasting latitudinal patterns in diversity and stability in a high-latitude species-rich moth community
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Network analyses reveal the role of large snakes in connecting feeding guilds in a species-rich Amazonian snake community
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Data from: Knowledge co-production with traditional herders on cattle grazing behaviour for better management of species-rich grasslands
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.