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32 results for “structural color”
Data from: Reproductive character displacement shapes a spatially structured petal color polymorphism in Leavenworthia stylosa
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Environmentally-associated color divergence does not coincide with population structure across Lesser Antillean anoles
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Data from: Do genetic structure and landscape heterogeneity impact color morph frequency in a polymorphic salamander?
Landscape heterogeneity plays an important role in population structure and divergence, particularly for species with limited vagility. Here, we used a landscape genetic approach to identify how landscape and environmental variables affect genetic structure and color morph frequency in a polymorphic salamander. The Eastern Red-backed Salamander, Plethodon cinereus, is widely distributed in northeastern North America and contains two common color morphs, striped and unstriped, that are divergent in ecology, behavior, and physiology. To quantify population structure, rates of gene flow, and genetic drift, we amplified 10 microsatellite loci from 648 individuals across 28 sampling localities. This study was conducted in northern Ohio, where populations of P. cinereus exhibit an unusually wide range of morph frequency variation. To test whether genetic distance was more correlated with morph frequency, elevation, canopy cover, waterways, ecological niche, or geographic distance, we used resistance distance and least cost path analyses. We then examined whether landscape and environmental variables, genetic distance, or geographic distance were correlated with variation in morph frequency. Tests for population structure revealed three genetic clusters across our sampling range, with one cluster monomorphic for the striped morph. Rates of gene flow and genetic drift were low to moderate across sites. Genetic distance was most correlated with ecological niche, elevation, and a combination of landscape and environmental variables. In contrast, morph frequency variation was correlated with waterways and geographic distance. Thus, our results suggest that selection is also an important evolutionary force across our sites, and a balance between gene flow, genetic drift, and selection interact to maintain the two color morphs.
Cassowary gloss and a novel form of structural color in birds
<p>One of the two lineages of extant birds resulting from its deepest split, Palaeognathae, has been reported not to exhibit structural coloration in feathers, affecting inferences of ancestral coloration mechanisms in extant birds. Structural coloration in facial skin and eggshells have been shown in the lineage, but not feathers. Here, we report the first evidence for two distinct mechanisms of structural color in palaeognath feathers. One extinct volant clade, Lithornithidae, shows evidence of elongate melanin-containing organelles uniquely associated with glossy/iridescent color. This mechanism of structural color is present in fossil outgroups and neognath birds. Second, we demonstrate a structural basis of exceptional gloss in extant cassowary feathers. Gloss is proposed to be an intermediate phenotype between matte and iridescent plumage, conferred by a thick and smooth feather rachis. Rachis-based structural color has not been previously investigated. The new data inform relationships between avian melanin-based coloration and feather structure.</p>
Data from: Structurally assisted super black in colorful peacock spiders
Male peacock spiders (Maratus, Salticidae) compete to attract female mates using elaborate, sexually-selected displays. They evolved both brilliant color and velvety black. Here we use scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hyperspectral imaging, and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) optical modeling to investigate the deep black surfaces of peacock spiders. We found that super black regions reflect <0.5% of light (for a 30° collection angle) in Maratus speciosus (0.44%) and Maratus karrie (0.35%) due to microscale structures. Both species evolved unusually high, tightly packed cuticular bumps (microlens arrays), and M. karrie has an additional dense covering of black brush-like scales atop the cuticle. Our optical models show that the radius and height of spider microlenses achieve a balance between (i) decreased surface reflectance and (ii) enhanced melanin absorption (through multiple scattering, diffraction out of the acceptance cone of female eyes, and increased path length of light through absorbing melanin pigments). The birds-of-paradise (Paradiseidae), ecological analogues of peacock spiders, also evolved super black near bright color patches. Super black locally eliminates white specular highlights, reference points used to calibrate color perception, making nearby colors appear brighter, even luminous, to vertebrates. We propose that this pre-existing, qualitative sensory experience—"sensory bias"—is also found in spiders, leading to the convergent evolution of super black for mating displays in jumping spiders.
Color, activity period, and eye structure in four lineages of ants: Pale, nocturnal species have evolved larger eyes and larger facets than their dark, diurnal congeners
<p>The eyes of insects display an incredible diversity of adaptations to enhance vision across the gamut of light levels they experience. One commonly studied contrast is the difference in eye structure between nocturnal and diurnal species, with nocturnal species typically having features that enhance eye sensitivity such as larger eyes, larger eye facets, and larger ocelli. In this study, we compared eye structure between workers of closely related nocturnal and diurnal above-ground foraging ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in four genera (<em>Myrmecocystus, Aphaenogaster, Temnothorax, Veromessor</em>). In all four genera, nocturnal species tend to have little cuticular pigment (pale), while diurnal species are heavily pigmented (dark), hence we could use cuticle coloration as a surrogate for activity pattern. Across three genera (<em>Myrmecocystus, Aphaenogaster, Temnothorax</em>), pale species, as expected for nocturnally active animals, had larger eyes, larger facet diameters, and larger visual spans compared to their dark, more day-active congeners. This same pattern occurred for one pale species of <em>Veromessor</em>, but not the other. There were no consistent differences between nocturnal and diurnal species in interommatidial angles and eye parameters both within and among genera. Hence, the evolution of eye features that enhance sensitivity in low light levels do not appear to have consistent correlated effects on features related to visual acuity. A survey across several additional ant genera found numerous other pale species with enlarged eyes, suggesting these traits evolved multiple times within and across genera. We also compared the size of the anterior ocellus in workers of pale versus dark species of <em>Myrmecocystus</em>. In species with larger workers, the anterior ocellus was smaller in pale than in dark species, but this difference mostly disappeared for species with smaller workers. Presence of the anterior ocellus also was size-dependent in the two largest pale species.</p>
Color Match Assessment of a Single Shade Structurally Colored Universal Resin Composite
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04960852. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Cassowary gloss and a novel form of structural color in birds
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Data from: Do genetic structure and landscape heterogeneity impact color morph frequency in a polymorphic salamander?
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Structurally assisted super black in colorful peacock spiders
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Color, activity period, and eye structure in four lineages of ants: Pale, nocturnal species have evolved larger eyes and larger facets than their dark, diurnal congeners
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Data from: Thin-film structural coloration from simple fused scales in moths
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.