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71 results for “succulence”
FIGURE 1 in A review of Capezoum Adlbauer, 2003 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) with the description of two new species from the Succulent Karoo ecosystem in South- Africa
FIGURE 1. Location of the different species of Capezoum. Map drawn with QGIS 3.6, biomes for Namibia and South Africa incorporated.
Data from: Insights on the evolution of plant succulence from a remarkable radiation in Madagascar (Euphorbia)
Patterns of adaptation in response to environmental variation are central to our understanding of biodiversity, but predictions of how and when broad-scale environmental conditions such as climate affect organismal form and function remain incomplete. Succulent plants have evolved in response to arid conditions repeatedly, with various plant organs such as leaves, stems, and roots physically modified to increase water storage. Here we investigate the role played by climate conditions in shaping the evolution of succulent forms in a plant clade endemic to Madagascar and the surrounding islands, part of the hyper-diverse genus Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae). We used multivariate ordination of 19 climate variables to identify links between particular climate variables and three major forms of succulence – succulent leaves, cactiform stem succulence, and tubers. We then tested the relationship between climatic conditions and succulence, using comparative methods that account for shared evolutionary history. We confirm that plant water storage is associated with the two components of aridity, temperature and precipitation. Cactiform stem succulence, however, is not prevalent in the driest environments, countering the widely held view of cactiforms as desert icons. Instead, leaf succulence and tubers are significantly associated with the lowest levels of precipitation. Our findings provide a clear link between broad-scale climatic conditions and adaptation in land plants, and new insights into the climatic conditions favoring different forms of succulence. This evidence for adaptation to climate raises concern over the evolutionary future of succulent plants as they, along with other organisms, face anthropogenic climate change.
FIGURE 5 in A new monotypic genus, a species synonymy and nomenclatural corrections in the arid-adapted Canthonini (Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from the Succulent Karoo Biome of south-western Africa
FIGURE 5. Graphs from measurements of characters: (A) pronotum area vs. elytron area, (B) pronotum length vs. pronotum width, (C) elytron length vs. elytron width, (D) mesocoxae distance vs. meso-metacoxa distance and (E) elytron width vs. pronotum width.
FIGURE 4 in A new monotypic genus, a species synonymy and nomenclatural corrections in the arid-adapted Canthonini (Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from the Succulent Karoo Biome of south-western Africa
FIGURE 4. Strict consensus tree showing support for the currently recognized genera of the Byrrhidium group based on 31 morphological characters. Bootstrap percentages above nodes (percentages lower than 50% not shown) L=66, CI=68, RI=73.
FIGURE 3 in A new monotypic genus, a species synonymy and nomenclatural corrections in the arid-adapted Canthonini (Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from the Succulent Karoo Biome of south-western Africa
FIGURE 3. Habitus, aedeagus and specimen labels of the holotype specimens of Byrrhidium ovale Harold (A, D and G) Elassocanthon brevipes Kolbe (B, E and H) (no scale) and Byrrhidium namaquense Scholtz and Howden (C, F and I).
FIGURE 2 in A new monotypic genus, a species synonymy and nomenclatural corrections in the arid-adapted Canthonini (Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from the Succulent Karoo Biome of south-western Africa
FIGURE 2. Map showing the type localities of Drogo stalsi gen. et. sp. n (*) and Elassocanthon brevipes Kolbe, 1908 (·) together with the type locality (G) and recent collecting localities (•) for Byrrhidium namaquense Scholtz and Howden, 1987 and B. convexum Scholtz and Howden, 1987 (Δ).
FIGURE 1 in A new monotypic genus, a species synonymy and nomenclatural corrections in the arid-adapted Canthonini (Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from the Succulent Karoo Biome of south-western Africa
FIGURE 1. Habitus and aedeagus of Drogo stalsi gen. et. sp. n. Dorsal (A) ventral (B) left lateral (C) and (D) frontal views of aedeagus.
Fig. 5 in Coleoptera Collected from Rotting Fishhook Barrel Cacti (Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britton and Rose), with a Review of Nearctic Coleoptera Associated with Succulent Necrosis
Fig. 5. Principal coordinates analysis based on moisture content. Dry is distinctly grouped, while Moist and Wet have minimal overlap.
Fig. 3 in Coleoptera Collected from Rotting Fishhook Barrel Cacti (Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britton and Rose), with a Review of Nearctic Coleoptera Associated with Succulent Necrosis
Fig. 3. Barrel cactus #10. White lines designate bor- der between subsections: bottom, completely saturated; middle, moist; top, relatively dry.
Figs. 13–19 in Coleoptera Collected from Rotting Fishhook Barrel Cacti (Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britton and Rose), with a Review of Nearctic Coleoptera Associated with Succulent Necrosis
Figs. 13–19. Habitus images of Coleoptera in decayed barrel cacti. 13) Dactylosternum cacti; 14) Litargus balteatus; 15) Carpophilus discoideus; 16) Carpophilus lugubris; 17) Aleochara (Maseochara) depressa; 18) Aleochara (Maseochara) valida; 19) Diestota sp.
Figs. 6–12 in Coleoptera Collected from Rotting Fishhook Barrel Cacti (Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britton and Rose), with a Review of Nearctic Coleoptera Associated with Succulent Necrosis
Figs. 6–12. Habitus images of Coleoptera in decayed barrel cacti. 6) Apotrepus densicollis; 7) Carcinops consors;
Fig. 2 in Coleoptera Collected from Rotting Fishhook Barrel Cacti (Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britton and Rose), with a Review of Nearctic Coleoptera Associated with Succulent Necrosis
Fig. 2. View of the study area from extreme western edge looking east. The area extends to the pond in the background and is bisected by Foothills Road.
FIGURE. Euphorbia neobosseri in cultivation in the National Tree Museum Gimborn, The Netherlands. A. succulent rootstock and stem base; B, D. details of inflorescences; C. branch habit. Credits: W.L.A. Hetterscheid (A–D). in Novelties in Malagasy Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae)
FIGURE. Euphorbia neobosseri in cultivation in the National Tree Museum Gimborn, The Netherlands. A. succulent rootstock and stem base; B, D. details of inflorescences; C. branch habit. Credits: W.L.A. Hetterscheid (A–D).
Distribution. Occurs throughout the semi-arid Succulent Karoo and Nama Karoo biomes within parts of Northern Cape, Western Cape, and Eastern Cape provinces, South Africa. in Muridae
Distribution. Occurs throughout the semi-arid Succulent Karoo and Nama Karoo biomes within parts of Northern Cape, Western Cape, and Eastern Cape provinces, South Africa.
Distribution. Now restricted to the Channel Country of SW Queensland and the Lake Eyre Basin in NE South Australia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 95-120 mm, tail 105-160 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hindfoot 32-37 mm; weight 30-50 g. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has body form typical of hopping mice, with very long hindfeet, long tail with distal brush of longer hairs, very long ears, and large protruberant eyes. Dorsal fur is of variable color, from pale pinkish fawn to gray; ventral fur white. Unlike most other hopping mice, it has no throat pouch, but males have a glandular area of naked skin on the chest. Habitat. Occurs in low shrublands and tussock grasslands on stony ("gibber") plains and claypans. Shows marked habitat segregation from the Dusky Hopping Mouse (N. fuscus), which is closely associated with sandy substrates. Food and Feeding. The Fawn Hopping Mouse is mostly granivorous, but also eats other plant material (stems, leaves) and occasionally invertebrates. It uses succulent, salt-adapted plants around edges of claypans as a source of water. Breeding. Reproduction is probably largely opportunistic and aseasonal, with high reproductive output from near-continuous breeding after periods of high rainfall; reported littersize is 1-5, most commonly three; gestation period 38-43 days for nonlactating females. Females may mature later than other hopping mice, with reproductive maturity reached at about six months. Activity patterns. Terrestrial and nocturnal. Fawn Hopping Mice shelter during day in burrow systems that are typically simpler and shallower than those of other hopping mice. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fawn Hopping Mice generally live singly or in small groups; typically uncommon within range, but population density may increase by an order of magnitude following periods of high rainfall. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has shown marked decline in range (estimated at greater than 50%), and presumably population size, since European settlement of Australia. This is mostlikely due to predation by the introduced house cat and Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), and to habitat degradation associated with pastoralism. Bibliography. Brazenor (1934), Burbidge et al. (2008), Finlayson (1939), Gould (1853), Jackson & Groves (2015), Murray et al. (1999), Ogilby (1892), Thomas (1921h), Van Dyck & Strahan (2008), Waite (1898), Watts & Aslin (1981), Woinarski et al. (2014), Wood Jones (1925). in Muridae
Distribution. Now restricted to the Channel Country of SW Queensland and the Lake Eyre Basin in NE South Australia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 95-120 mm, tail 105-160 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hindfoot 32-37 mm; weight 30-50 g. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has body form typical of hopping mice, with very long hindfeet, long tail with distal brush of longer hairs, very long ears, and large protruberant eyes. Dorsal fur is of variable color, from pale pinkish fawn to gray; ventral fur white. Unlike most other hopping mice, it has no throat pouch, but males have a glandular area of naked skin on the chest. Habitat. Occurs in low shrublands and tussock grasslands on stony ("gibber") plains and claypans. Shows marked habitat segregation from the Dusky Hopping Mouse (N. fuscus), which is closely associated with sandy substrates. Food and Feeding. The Fawn Hopping Mouse is mostly granivorous, but also eats other plant material (stems, leaves) and occasionally invertebrates. It uses succulent, salt-adapted plants around edges of claypans as a source of water. Breeding. Reproduction is probably largely opportunistic and aseasonal, with high reproductive output from near-continuous breeding after periods of high rainfall; reported littersize is 1-5, most commonly three; gestation period 38-43 days for nonlactating females. Females may mature later than other hopping mice, with reproductive maturity reached at about six months. Activity patterns. Terrestrial and nocturnal. Fawn Hopping Mice shelter during day in burrow systems that are typically simpler and shallower than those of other hopping mice. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fawn Hopping Mice generally live singly or in small groups; typically uncommon within range, but population density may increase by an order of magnitude following periods of high rainfall. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has shown marked decline in range (estimated at greater than 50%), and presumably population size, since European settlement of Australia. This is mostlikely due to predation by the introduced house cat and Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), and to habitat degradation associated with pastoralism. Bibliography. Brazenor (1934), Burbidge et al. (2008), Finlayson (1939), Gould (1853), Jackson & Groves (2015), Murray et al. (1999), Ogilby (1892), Thomas (1921h), Van Dyck & Strahan (2008), Waite (1898), Watts & Aslin (1981), Woinarski et al. (2014), Wood Jones (1925).
FIGURE. Petalidium parvifolium, flower and leaf morphology. A. Branchlet showing leaves that are not succulent; blade ± flat and margins without long, robust, multi-cellular trichomes and isolated, robust, stalked glandular trichomes. B. Flower in front view. C. Flower in lateral view. Scale bar = 5 mm. Photographs by W. Swanepoel. in Petalidium mannheimerae (Acanthaceae), a new species from Namibia and South Africa, with notes on the taxonomic identity of P. parvifolium
FIGURE. Petalidium parvifolium, flower and leaf morphology. A. Branchlet showing leaves that are not succulent; blade ± flat and margins without long, robust, multi-cellular trichomes and isolated, robust, stalked glandular trichomes. B. Flower in front view. C. Flower in lateral view. Scale bar = 5 mm. Photographs by W. Swanepoel.
FIGURE. Petalidium mannheimerae, morphology of flowers from different localities in the Richtersveld, Northern Cape, South Africa (A–D), and leaf morphology (E). A. Flower in lateral view (Sun Valley). B. Flower in front view (Sun Valley). C. Flower in front view (Kosies). D. Flowers (Umdaus). E. Branchlet showing leaves being semi-succulent, the blade subconduplicate to conduplicate, recurved towards apex, the margins with isolated, robust, stalked glandular trichomes. Scale bar = 5 mm. Photographs by M. Koekemoer (A–C), N. Jürgens (D), & W. Swanepoel (E). in Petalidium mannheimerae (Acanthaceae), a new species from Namibia and South Africa, with notes on the taxonomic identity of P. parvifolium
FIGURE. Petalidium mannheimerae, morphology of flowers from different localities in the Richtersveld, Northern Cape, South Africa (A–D), and leaf morphology (E). A. Flower in lateral view (Sun Valley). B. Flower in front view (Sun Valley). C. Flower in front view (Kosies). D. Flowers (Umdaus). E. Branchlet showing leaves being semi-succulent, the blade subconduplicate to conduplicate, recurved towards apex, the margins with isolated, robust, stalked glandular trichomes. Scale bar = 5 mm. Photographs by M. Koekemoer (A–C), N. Jürgens (D), & W. Swanepoel (E).
FIGURE 4 in Sedum danjoense (Crassulaceae), a new species of succulent plants from the Danjo Islands in Japan
FIGURE 4. Sedum formosanum (A–F) and S. tetractinum (G–L). A and G. Habitat and habit. B and H. Adaxial surface. C and I. Abaxial surface. D and J. Flower. E and K. Carpels. F and L. Branching. Scale bars are 25 mm for A and G, 5 mm for B–F and H–K [A–D. Tokunoshima island in May. Takuro Ito 3623; E. Tanegashima Island in June. Takuro Ito 3456; In December. Takuro Ito 832; G–J. Zhejiang in June. Takuro Ito 3623; K–L. In December. Takuro Ito 3623]
FIGURE 3. Sedum danjoense. A. Habitat and habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Adaxial surface. D. Abaxial surface. E. Flower. F. Sepals. G. Carpels. H. Branching. Scale bars are 25 in Sedum danjoense (Crassulaceae), a new species of succulent plants from the Danjo Islands in Japan
FIGURE 3. Sedum danjoense. A. Habitat and habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Adaxial surface. D. Abaxial surface. E. Flower. F. Sepals. G. Carpels. H. Branching. Scale bars are 25 mm for A, 5 mm for B–H [A. Wild individuals in Yorishima island photo by Yoshiro Chichibu in May 1989; B. Cultivated in Nagasaki Subtropical Botanical Garden photo by Kiyotaka Minota in Sep. 2011; C-H. Takuro Ito 3658 in Oct. 2016]
FIGURE 2 in Sedum danjoense (Crassulaceae), a new species of succulent plants from the Danjo Islands in Japan
FIGURE 2. Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequence for Eastern Asian Sedum. The topology of the maximum likelihood (ML) tree was highly compatible with the Bayesian tree. Bayesian posterior probabilities (PPs: left) and bootstrap percentages from ML analysis (BP: right) are shown (See Tables 1 and 2 for the abbreviations of localities).
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